CN108342167A - 一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108342167A
CN108342167A CN201810117759.6A CN201810117759A CN108342167A CN 108342167 A CN108342167 A CN 108342167A CN 201810117759 A CN201810117759 A CN 201810117759A CN 108342167 A CN108342167 A CN 108342167A
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China
Prior art keywords
adhesive film
resin
solar batteries
colored filler
photoinitiator
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CN201810117759.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
王磊
郑亚
陈洪野
宇野敬
宇野敬一
吴小平
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Suzhou Competition Application Technology Ltd By Share Ltd
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Suzhou Competition Application Technology Ltd By Share Ltd
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Priority to CN201810117759.6A priority Critical patent/CN108342167A/zh
Publication of CN108342167A publication Critical patent/CN108342167A/zh
Priority to CN201980000396.0A priority patent/CN110637070B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/074335 priority patent/WO2019154300A1/zh
Priority to JP2020542650A priority patent/JP7076563B2/ja
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
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    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜，包括与电池片相接触的透明层、与所述的透明层相接触的第一胶膜层，所述的第一胶膜层的原料包括如下组分：质量比为3~25:1的树脂和有色填料、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~5%的交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的助交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的偶联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的光稳定剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~5%的光引发剂。本发明能有效地防止白色上溢。

Description

一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
白色胶膜可以用在组件下层，通过反射可见光及近红外光达到提高组件功率的目的，可以应用在单玻组件及双玻组件上。对组件外观要求比较苛刻，要求白色胶膜不能上溢至电池片、汇流条、焊带上，同时不能有褶皱等缺陷。
现有技术中通常采用如下方案来解决白色胶膜的白色上溢问题：
1、预交联工艺：通过预交联使得胶膜部分交联，从而达到控制白色上溢的目的。缺点：剥离力差，组件不耐热烘。
2、低熔指工艺：通过降低树脂熔指来降低白色上溢的可能性。缺点：控制上溢的能力不算最好，组件仍有翻边。
3、无纺布复合工艺：通过复合一层无纺布，从而达到控制白色上溢的目的。缺点：组件中引入异物(无纺布)，长期可靠性差。
申请号为201710859687.8的发明专利公开了一种三层结构的太阳能电池封装胶膜及其制备方法，其通过在芯层中添加只能够由UVA紫外光引发交联反应的单酰基膦氧化物、双酰基膦氧化物、苯偶姻及其烷基醚、二烷氧基苯乙酮类、α-羟基烷基苯酮类、α-胺烷基苯酮类、二苯甲酮及其衍生物、硫杂蒽酮及其衍生物中的一种或多种光引发剂。但是，UVA的波长为320～400nm，在被固化材料为UV光遮挡材料，具体为芯层中的颜/填料(例如二氧化钛)对UVA具有阻隔作用，因此，当采用UVA照射含有颜/填料的芯层时，UVA会被阻隔，穿透能力有限，从而影响交联反应的深度，导致交联效果不好，同时残存未交联小分子多，会游离出来影响组件的抗PID，抗蜗牛纹等性能。另外，UVA对人体的伤害较大，长期暴露于UVA下容易致癌，不利于人员安全操作。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够由可见光引发交联反应且交联效果好的太阳能电池用封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
本发明的一个目的是提供一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜，包括与电池片相接触的透明层、与所述的透明层相接触的第一胶膜层，
所述的第一胶膜层的原料包括如下组分：质量比为3～25:1的树脂和有色填料、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～5％的交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的助交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的偶联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的光稳定剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～5％的光引发剂，所述的光引发剂为能够由可见光引发交联反应的钛茂类光引发剂、硫代叮啶酮/碘鎓盐体系、有机过氧化物体系、硼酸盐/染料体系、六芳基双咪唑/染料体系、香豆素酮类/染料体系、苯偶酰缩酮类光引发剂、苯乙酮类光引发剂、蒽醌类光引发剂及其衍生物、苯甲酸酯类光引发剂、双环二酮类化合物中的一种或几种的组合。
本发明中，可见光是波长为400～700nm的可见光。
优选地，所述的钛茂类光引发剂为氟代二苯基钛茂和/或双(2,6-二氟-3-吡咯苯基)二茂钛。
优选地，所述的硫代叮啶酮/碘鎓盐体系为选自N-丁基硫代叮啶酮、N-丙基硫代叮啶酮、N-苄基硫代叮啶酮、N-苯基硫代叮啶酮、N-甲基硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-甲基硫代叮啶酮、4-甲基硫代叮啶酮、4-甲氧基硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-甲氧基硫代叮啶酮、4-氯硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-氯硫代叮啶酮中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述的有机过氧化物体系为过氧键(-O-O-)的离解能为125～210kJ/mol的化合物，这类化合物通过引入新基团或进行光谱增感即可成为可见光引发剂，而引入的新基团以及光谱的增感采用常规方式即可。例如所述的有机过氧化物体系为如下结构式的化合物，
优选地，所述的硼酸盐/染料体系为选自阳离子染料与四羟基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物、阳离子染料与三芳基-烷基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物、阳离子染料与二芳基-二烷基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物中的一种或几种。例如染料阳离子为如下结构式的化合物：
有机硼阴离子为(C6H5)3B-C4H9、(CH3-C6H5)3B-C4H9、(C6H5)3B-(C4H9)2。
优选地，所述的六芳基双咪唑/染料体系在自由基光成像体系中作引发剂，是一种热致和光致变化化合物。例如六芳基双咪唑为2,3,5-三芳基咪唑二聚体(HABI`S)；染料可以为如下结构式的化合物：
优选地，所述的香豆素酮类/染料体系对He-Cd激光(441.6nm)敏感，在氩离子激光(488nm、514nm)光照下，是光交联和光聚合的高效引发剂。香豆素酮类染料(KC)与活化剂或共引发剂一起使用。例如，香豆素酮类染料可以是常规的香豆素酮，活化剂可以是如下结构式所示化合物：
优选地，所述的苯偶酰缩酮类光引发剂是苯偶酰二甲基缩酮。
优选地，所述的苯乙酮类光引发剂为选自苯乙酮、2，2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、2，2-二乙氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、1，1-二氯苯乙酮、1-羟基苯乙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮、1-(4-异丙基苯基)-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基巯基)苯基]-2-吗啉基-1-丙酮、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉基苯基)-1-丁酮中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述的蒽醌类光引发剂为选自2-叔丁基蒽醌、1-氯蒽醌、2-戊基蒽醌中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述的苯甲酸酯类光引发剂是苯甲酰苯甲酸甲酯和/或邻苯甲酰苯甲酸甲酯。
优选地，所述的双环二酮类化合物是樟脑醌和/或双咪唑。
优选地，所述的第一胶膜层中所述的树脂和所述的有色填料的质量比为3～5:1。
优选地，所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜还包括与所述的背板或玻璃相接触的第二胶膜层。
进一步优选地，所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜还包括设置在所述的第一胶膜层和所述的第二胶膜层之间的一层或几层第三胶膜层。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层并非限定为一层，可以是相同配方的多层。第三胶膜层可以是采用常规配方的胶膜层。
进一步优选地，所述的第二胶膜层的原料包括质量比为15～25:1的树脂和有色填料。
更为优选地，所述的第二胶膜层的原料还包括占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～5％的交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的助交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的偶联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1％～1％的光稳定剂。
本发明中的第二胶膜层也为白色层，但相对第一胶膜层来说，白色填料的添加量少，因此，第二胶膜层可以很好的维持与背板或玻璃的粘接性能，同时，第二胶膜层和第一胶膜层的总厚度大，反射率高，功率提升大。
优选地，所述的透明层的厚度为20～60微米。若透明层的厚度太厚，虽然能够更好的阻止白色上溢，但是会影响太阳能电池的功率；若透明层太薄，则阻止白色上溢的能力有限。
本发明中，由于透明层的存在，使得胶膜物性并没有因为钛白粉的添加或者预交联层的存在而明显改变，与电池片的剥离力、表面硬度等都没有明显改变。
优选地，所述的透明层的原料包括如下组分：树脂、占所述的树脂质量0.1％～5％的交联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1％～1％的助交联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1％～1％的偶联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1％～1％的光稳定剂。
优选地，所述的树脂为选自EVA、POE、PVB中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层中的树脂可以为相同的树脂，也可以为不同的树脂。
优选地，所述的有色填料为选自钛白粉、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、锌钛白、炭黑、铬黄、氧化铬绿、铁蓝、铝粉或铜粉中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层中的有色填料可以为相同的有色填料，也可以为不同的有色填料。
进一步优选地，本发明中的有色填料为白色填料。
所述的交联剂为选自交联剂过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化-异丙基碳酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-双(叔丁基过氧基)己烷、过氧化环己酮、叔丁基过氧化氢、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧重碳酸二-(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、叔丁基过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、三烯丙基异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层中的交联剂可以相同也可以不同。
优选地，所述的助交联剂为选自三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、2-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层中的助交联剂可以相同也可以不同。
优选地，所述的偶联剂为选自3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层中的偶联剂可以相同也可以不同。
优选地，所述的光稳定剂为选自双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚丁二酸(4-羟基-2,2,6，6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇)酯、聚-{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-亚氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2，4-二基][2-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-氮基]-亚已基-[4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-氨基]中的一种或几种。
本发明中，第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层和透明层中的光稳定剂可以相同也可以不同。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜的制备方法，包括依次进行的如下步骤：
步骤(1)、将所述的第一胶膜层和所述的透明层的原料分别配制好后，通过挤出机流延成膜；
步骤(2)、在所述的透明层所在侧，通过可见光灯照射使得可见光穿过透明层到达所述的第一胶膜层并促使所述的第一胶膜层的表面发生交联反应；
步骤(3)、冷却后牵引收卷制得所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜。
优选地，步骤(1)采用共挤流延机进行流延成膜。
优选地，步骤(1)的加工温度为60～110℃。
优选地，步骤(3)中，通过三辊定型后冷却收卷。
优选地，步骤(3)中的冷却温度为20～50℃。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜在太阳能电池中的应用。
由于以上技术方案的实施，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明通过采用能够由可见光引发交联反应的光引发剂，使得第一胶膜层可以使用可见光进行交联，而透明层和第一胶膜层中的材料对可见光的阻隔性小，大概25％左右的可见光可穿透透明层和第一胶膜层，因此，本发明的交联体系表面和深层的反应更加充分，预交联效果好，交联体系残存的小分子少，进而本发明的防止白色上溢的效果更好。另外，可见光对人体更加安全。
说明书附图
附图1为本发明的结构示意图；
其中，1为透明层；2为第一胶膜层；3为第二胶膜层。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。实施例中采用的实施条件可以根据具体使用的不同要求做进一步调整，未注明的实施条件为本行业中的常规条件。本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
透明层1的厚度为50微米，其原料组分为：EVA：100kg；过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯：0.6kg、三烯丙基异氰酸酯：0.8kg、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯：0.6kg、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷:0.5kg、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯：0.2kg。
第一胶膜层2的厚度为300微米，其原料组分为：EVA：82kg；钛白粉：18kg，过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯：0.5kg、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基丙酮:1.2kg、三烯丙基异氰酸酯：0.7kg、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯：0.5kg、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷:0.4kg、双(2,6-二氟-3-吡咯苯基)二茂钛：0.3kg。
第二胶膜层3的厚度为50微米，其原料组分为：EVA：94kg；钛白粉：6kg；过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯：0.8kg、三烯丙基异氰酸酯：0.9kg、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯：0.4kg、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷：0.5kg、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯：0.6kg。
制备方法为：
步骤(1)、将第一胶膜层2、第二胶膜层3和透明层1的原料分别混合均匀，然后经共挤流延机塑化并经T形模具挤出流延成膜，加工温度设定为80℃；
步骤(2)、出模头后，在透明层1所在侧，通过可见光灯照射使得可见光穿过透明层1到达第一胶膜层2，由于刚出模头，产品处于熔融状态，温度较高，经过可见光灯照射后，促使第一胶膜层2表面的光引发剂产生自由基，自由基进一步引发第一胶膜层2的表面发生交联反应生成一层预交联层；
步骤(3)、经过步骤(2)处理的产品通过三辊定型，然后在20℃冷却后牵引收卷制得太阳能电池用封装胶膜。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层、第二胶膜层、透明层中的树脂均采用POE。
实施例3
与实施例2基本相同，不同之处在于：第二胶膜层中的光引发剂为N-丁基硫代叮啶酮。
实施例4
与实施例2基本相同，不同之处在于：第二胶膜层中的光引发剂为硼酸盐/染料体系的有机硼阴离子为(C6H5)3B-C4H9，染料阳离子为
实施例5
与实施例2基本相同，不同之处在于：第二胶膜层中的光引发剂为2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：透明层的厚度为60微米。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：透明层的厚度为40微米。
实施例8
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：透明层的厚度为20微米。
实施例9
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的EVA为75kg；钛白粉为25kg。
实施例10
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的EVA为83kg；钛白粉为17kg。
实施例11
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的光引发剂的添加量为2kg。
实施例12
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的光引发剂的添加量为3kg。
实施例13
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的光引发剂的添加量为5kg。
实施例14
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的原料中的光引发剂的添加量为0.5kg。
实施例15
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第二胶膜层中的EVA为94kg；钛白粉：6kg。
实施例16
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第二胶膜层中的EVA为96kg；钛白粉：4kg。
实施例17
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层的厚度为350微米，不含有第二胶膜层。
实施例18
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层和第二胶膜层之间还设置有一层50微米厚的常规的第三白色胶膜层。
对比例1
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：透明层的厚度为70微米。
对比例2
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：透明层的厚度为10微米。
对比例3
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：第一胶膜层中的EVA：90kg；钛白粉：10kg。
对比例4
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：光引发剂为：2-甲基-1-(4-甲巯基苯基)-吗啉-1-丙酮(907)，制备时采用UVA进行照射交联。
对比例5
与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：光引发剂为：双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯，制备时采用UV照射交联。
各实施例和对比例的实验数据参见表1。
本发明中交联度、剥离力、反射率测试方法参照GB/T 29848-2013(国标《光伏组件封装用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)胶膜》)。组件功率、抗PID性能、抗蜗牛纹性的测试方法参照IEC61215标准。
表1
注：表格中的组件指的是太阳能电池。
以上对本发明做了详尽的描述，其目的在于让熟悉此领域技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并加以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明的精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (12)

1.一种太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：包括与电池片相接触的透明层、与所述的透明层相接触的第一胶膜层，
所述的第一胶膜层的原料包括如下组分：质量比为3~25:1的树脂和有色填料、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~5%的交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的助交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的偶联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的光稳定剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~5%的光引发剂，所述的光引发剂为能够由可见光引发交联反应的钛茂类光引发剂、硫代叮啶酮/碘鎓盐体系、有机过氧化物体系、硼酸盐/染料体系、六芳基双咪唑/染料体系、香豆素酮类/染料体系、苯偶酰缩酮类光引发剂、苯乙酮类光引发剂、蒽醌类光引发剂及其衍生物、苯甲酸酯类光引发剂、双环二酮类化合物中的一种或几种的组合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的第一胶膜层中所述的树脂和所述的有色填料的质量比为3~5:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜还包括与所述的背板或玻璃相接触的第二胶膜层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜还包括设置在所述的第一胶膜层和所述的第二胶膜层之间的一层或几层第三胶膜层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的第二胶膜层的原料包括质量比为15~25:1的树脂和有色填料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的第二胶膜层的原料还包括占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~5%的交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的助交联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的偶联剂、占所述的树脂和所述的有色填料总质量0.1%~1%的光稳定剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的透明层的厚度为20~60微米。
8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的透明层的原料包括如下组分：树脂、占所述的树脂质量0.1%~5%的交联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1%~1%的助交联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1%~1%的偶联剂、占所述的树脂质量0.1%~1%的光稳定剂。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：所述的树脂为选自EVA、POE、PVB中的一种或几种；
所述的有色填料为选自钛白粉、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、锌钛白、炭黑、铬黄、氧化铬绿、铁蓝、铝粉或铜粉中的一种或几种；
所述的交联剂为选自交联剂过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯、叔丁基过氧化-异丙基碳酸酯、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-双（叔丁基过氧基）己烷、过氧化环己酮、叔丁基过氧化氢、过氧苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧乙酸叔丁酯、过氧重碳酸二-（4-叔丁基环己基）酯、叔丁基过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸酯、三烯丙基异氰酸酯三烯丙基异氰酸酯中的一种或几种；
所述的助交联剂为选自三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、2-三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、乙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、丙氧化三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、4-( 二甲氨基) 苯甲酸乙酯中的一种或几种；
所述的偶联剂为选自3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种；
所述的光稳定剂为选自双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、聚丁二酸（4-羟基-2,2,6，6-四甲基-1-哌啶乙醇）酯、聚-{[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-亚氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2，4-二基][2-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-氮基]-亚已基-[4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-氨基]中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜，其特征在于：
所述的钛茂类光引发剂为氟代二苯基钛茂和/或双（2,6-二氟-3-吡咯苯基）二茂钛；
所述的硫代叮啶酮/碘鎓盐体系为选自N-丁基硫代叮啶酮、N-丙基硫代叮啶酮、N-苄基硫代叮啶酮、N-苯基硫代叮啶酮、N-甲基硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-甲基硫代叮啶酮、4-甲基硫代叮啶酮、4-甲氧基硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-甲氧基硫代叮啶酮、4-氯硫代叮啶酮、N-正丙基-4-氯硫代叮啶酮中的一种或几种；
所述的有机过氧化物体系为过氧键的离解能为125~210kJ/mol的化合物；
所述的硼酸盐/染料体系为选自阳离子染料与四羟基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物、阳离子染料与三芳基-烷基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物、阳离子染料与二芳基-二烷基硼的碱金属盐形成的离子型络合物中的一种或几种；
所述的苯偶酰缩酮类光引发剂是苯偶酰二甲基缩酮；
所述的苯乙酮类光引发剂为选自苯乙酮、2，2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、 2，2-二乙氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮、1，1-二氯苯乙酮、1-羟基苯乙酮、1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮、1-(4-异丙基苯基)-2- 羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮、1-[4-(2-羟基乙氧基)苯基]-2-羟基-2-甲基-1-丙酮、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲基巯基)苯基]-2-吗啉基-1-丙酮、2-苄基-2-二甲基氨基-1-(4-吗啉基苯基)-1-丁酮中的一种或几种；
所述的蒽醌类光引发剂为选自2-叔丁基蒽醌、1-氯蒽醌、2-戊基蒽醌中的一种或几种；
所述的苯甲酸酯类光引发剂是苯甲酰苯甲酸甲酯和/或邻苯甲酰苯甲酸甲酯；
所述的双环二酮类化合物是樟脑醌和/或双咪唑。
11.一种如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜的制备方法，其特征在于：包括依次进行的如下步骤：
步骤（1）、将所述的第一胶膜层胶膜层和所述的透明层的原料分别配制好后，通过挤出机流延成膜；
步骤（2）、在所述的透明层所在侧，通过可见光灯照射使得可见光穿过透明层到达所述的第一胶膜层并促使所述的第一胶膜层的表面发生交联反应；
步骤（3）、冷却后牵引收卷制得所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜。
12.一种如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的太阳能电池用封装胶膜在太阳能电池中的应用。
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CN114591691B (zh) * 2022-01-21 2023-06-13 晶科能源(海宁)有限公司 一种用于光伏组件的封装胶膜、其制备方法及光伏组件

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