CN108293700B - Method for preventing and treating root rot diseases of eggplants - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating root rot diseases of eggplants Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating eggplant root rot diseases, which comprises the following steps: after sowing, watering the seedling substrate by using a refined metalaxyl-zinc or hymexazol or thiacloprid, alloxazole and Shulfurling diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode; spraying a seedbed with prochloraz or refined first frost manganese-zinc diluent one day before transplanting; treating the field with a dazomet fumigant; after field planting, selecting prochloraz diluent and mancozeb to pour root fixing water; before eggplant flowers, spraying a pentoxazole carbendazim diluent; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; and the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field. The whole process of the invention is mainly preventing early stage and short period, and the invention effectively controls the occurrence of root rot diseases of eggplants in the early stage of growth without leakage period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease and pest control in agricultural production, and particularly relates to a method for controlling eggplant root rot diseases.
Background
Eggplants are important solanaceous vegetables, are planted in large areas throughout the country, and are one of the vegetables with higher economic value. In the eggplant planting process, fusarium, verticillium dahliae and other germs often cause the root and stem of the eggplant to wither and rot, so that a large area of eggplant is dead, and very serious economic loss is brought to farmers. Because the root rot diseases are soil-borne diseases and the survival time of germs in the soil is long, the difficulty in controlling the root rot diseases of the eggplant is increased. In production, the root rot, wilt and verticillium wilt of eggplant are controlled separately. In the control process, farmers often have inaccurate control on the key control period of the root rot diseases and miss the optimal control period, and meanwhile, because of more soil-borne bacteria in the soil, farmers also select improper control medicaments for the root rot diseases, the application mode is unreasonable, and the harm of the root rot diseases is still serious. Therefore, the selection of a proper method and a high-efficiency medicament is very important for preventing and treating the root rot diseases of the eggplants.
At present, a plurality of methods for preventing and treating the diseases of eggplant root rot are provided, but most of the methods aim at 'treating and controlling', the prevention effect is not ideal, and the seamless prevention and treatment of the whole production chain are lacked. Meanwhile, the diseases of the root rot diseases are controlled by one, and the control cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for controlling eggplant root rot diseases, which aims at the problem of difficulty in control of eggplant root rot diseases.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, watering the seedling substrate by using a refined metalaxyl-zinc or hymexazol or thiacloprid, alloxazole and Shulfurling diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode;
step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz or refined first frost manganese-zinc diluent one day before transplanting;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz diluent and mancozeb to pour root fixing water;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, spraying a pentoxazole carbendazim diluent; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; and the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Further, the mass fraction of the refined methyl frost manganese zinc in the step 1 is 68%, the dilution multiple is 800 times, the mass fraction of the hymexazol aqua is 30%, the dilution multiple is 1000 times, the mass fraction of the thiacloprid pyrrole frost is 29%, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times.
Further, the mass fraction of the prochloraz in the step 2 is 25%, and the dilution factor is 900-1000 times.
Further, the dosage of the dazomet fumigant in the step 3 is 20-30kg per mu.
Further, the mass fraction of the prochloraz in the step 4 is 25%, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times of 900-; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution factor is 400-800 times.
Further, 200ml to 250ml of the medicinal liquid is added to each plant in the step 4.
Further, the mass fraction of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent in the step 5 is 42%, and the dilution factor is 900-1100 times.
Further, the mass fraction of the hymexazol water aqua in the step 5 is 30%, and the dilution factor is 500-1000 times.
Further, the dose of the carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol aqueous solution in the step 5 are both 200ml per plant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) the method moves the prevention and control period of the root rot diseases of the eggplants forward, moves the eggplants forward to the seedbed, and transplants with the grafted pesticide, thereby effectively avoiding the bacteria in the seedbed; through field soil disinfection and treatment, soil-borne disease bacteria in the soil are effectively killed, and the infection source is reduced.
2) According to the method, the liquid medicine root fixing water is poured during transplanting, so that the infection of root rot diseases in a seedling stage is protected, and eggplant seedlings grow robustly and rapidly; the medicament prevention is carried out in the key period in the early stage of eggplant flowering, so that the occurrence of root rot diseases in the later stage can be effectively prevented.
3) The whole process of the invention is mainly preventing early stage and short period, and the invention effectively controls the occurrence of root rot diseases of eggplants in the early stage of growth without leakage period.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for controlling eggplant root rot diseases of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the present invention treating eggplant roots;
fig. 3 is an untreated eggplant root of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating eggplant root rot diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, watering the seedling substrate by using a refined metalaxyl-zinc or hymexazol or thiacloprid, alloxazole and Shulfurling diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode;
wherein the mass fraction of metalaxyl-M is 68%, the dilution multiple is 700-800, the mass fraction of hymexazol-M aqua is 30%, the dilution multiple is 500-1000, the mass fraction of thiacloprid-Gelonil-Frost-M is 29%, and the dilution multiple is 1500-times.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz or metalaxyl-M manganese-zinc diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times of 900-; the mass fraction of the metalaxyl-M is 68 percent, and the dilution multiple is 700-800;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant at a dosage of 20-30kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times of 900-; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 400-800 times; 200ml to 250ml of liquid medicine is put in each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant blooms, 42% pentoxazole carbendazim is selected to dilute 900-; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the mass fraction of the hymexazol aqua is 30 percent, and the dilution multiple is 500-1000 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 1
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling culture substrate with 68% refined methanol cream manganese zinc 800-time liquid, and then culturing seedlings according to a normal seedling culture mode;
step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with 1000 times of 25% prochloraz one day before transplanting;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant, 30kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, 25% prochloraz 1000 times and 80% mancozeb are selected to be poured into root fixing water, and each plant contains 250ml of liquid medicine;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant blooms, 42% of carbendazim 1000-fold liquid is selected for spraying.
If the field is a field with the recurrent root rot disease, the root is irrigated with 1000 times of 30% hymexazol water solution, and each liquid medicine is 200 ml.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 2
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate with a refined methanol frost manganese zinc diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode; wherein the mass fraction of the metalaxyl-M is 68 percent, and the dilution multiple is 700 times.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 900 times;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant, 20kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 900 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 800 times; 200ml of liquid medicine is added to each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, spraying 900 times diluted solution of 42% pentoxazole carbendazim; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 1000 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 3
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate with a refined methanol frost manganese zinc diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode; wherein the mass fraction of the metalaxyl-M is 68 percent, and the dilution multiple is 800 times.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant, 30kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 400 times; 200ml of liquid medicine is added to each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, spraying a 1100-time diluted solution of 42% pentoxazole carbendazim; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 500 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 4
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate by using hymexazol diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 500 times.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with metalaxyl-M-Zn diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the metalaxyl-M is 68 percent, and the dilution multiple is 700 times;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with a dazomet fumigant, wherein the volume of the fumigant is 25kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1200 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 500 times; 220ml of liquid medicine is put in each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, 42% of pentoxazole carbendazim diluted 950-fold liquid is selected for spraying; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 600 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 5
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate by using hymexazol diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 1000.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with metalaxyl-M-Zn diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the metalaxyl-M is 68 percent, and the dilution multiple is 800 times;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant, 28kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1400 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 600 times; 200ml of liquid medicine is added to each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, spraying a 1000-time solution diluted by 42% of pentoxazole carbendazim; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 700 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Example 6
A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases comprises the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, thoroughly watering the seedling substrate by using a thiacloprid, pyrrole and Shuangling diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode;
wherein the mass fraction of the thiacloprid, the allowances and the frost-removing agent is 29 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times.
Step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz diluent one day before transplanting; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1200 times;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant, 22kg per mu;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz and mancozeb diluent to pour root fixing water; wherein the mass fraction of the prochloraz is 25 percent, and the dilution multiple is 1400 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution multiple is 700 times; 250ml of liquid medicine is added to each plant;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, 42% of pentoxazole carbendazim is selected to dilute 1050 times liquid for spraying; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; wherein the hymexazol aqua has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution multiple of 900 times; the dosages of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol water aqua are both 200ml per plant.
And the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
Comparative example 1
The seedbed treatment, the seedbed treatment before transplanting, the pretreatment before field transplanting and the treatment after field planting are not carried out with drug treatment, and the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field.
After the treatment with the chemical agent in the seedling stage, the occurrence of root rot diseases of a seedbed is zero, after the soil treatment, the transplanting with the chemical agent and the root water watering, the occurrence of the root rot diseases of field eggplant in the seedling stage is zero, and the occurrence of the root rot diseases of field eggplant which is not treated in the seedling stage is serious. After the prevention treatment is carried out at the early stage of flowering, root rot diseases of eggplants are not generated in the whole growth period, and the incidence rate of the root rot diseases of untreated fields is 6.21 percent (table 1). The root length, root weight and main root thickness of the treated eggplants are obviously superior to those of untreated fields (figure 2 and figure 3), the color of the roots of the eggplants is fresh and tender, the growth vigor of the eggplants is good, and the yield is increased by 29.26 percent (table 2). The problem of pesticide residue caused by treatment during picking is completely avoided by treating the field in the early stage.
TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on eggplant root rot incidence and root
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on agronomic traits of eggplant
| Treatment of | Stem thickness cm | Plant height (cm) | Yield per mu kg | Increased yield% |
| Comparative example 1 | 1.747 | 98.11 | 1918.24 | ---- |
| Example 1 | 1.887 | 102.8 | 2479.60 | 29.26 |
| Example 2 | 1.782 | 100.3 | 2360.50 | 23.06 |
| Example 3 | 1.867 | 102.2 | 2465.32 | 28.52 |
| Example 4 | 1.856 | 101.8 | 2435.60 | 26.97 |
| Example 5 | 1.824 | 102.5 | 2454.20 | 27.94 |
| Example 6 | 1.798 | 101.6 | 2381.02 | 24.13 |
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing and controlling eggplant root rot diseases is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, seedbed treatment: after sowing, watering the seedling substrate by using a refined metalaxyl-zinc or hymexazol or thiacloprid, alloxazole and Shulfurling diluted solution, and then, growing seedlings according to a normal seedling growing mode;
step 2, seedbed treatment before transplanting: spraying a seedbed with prochloraz or refined first frost manganese-zinc diluent one day before transplanting;
step 3, field transplanting pretreatment: treating with dazomet fumigant;
step 4, post-planting treatment: after field planting, selecting prochloraz diluent and mancozeb to pour root fixing water;
step 5, spraying or irrigating the root with the agent before eggplant blossoms: before eggplant flowers, spraying a pentoxazole carbendazim diluent; if the field is a field with the later-period root rot disease, irrigating roots with hymexazol aqueous solution diluent; the rest management is carried out according to the normal management measures in the field;
the mass fraction of refined methyl frost manganese and zinc in the step 1 is 68%, the dilution multiple is 800 times, the mass fraction of hymexazol aqua is 30%, the dilution multiple is 1000 times, the mass fraction of thiacloprid, pyrrole and frost is 29%, and the dilution multiple is 1500 times;
the mass fraction of the prochloraz in the step 2 is 25%, and the dilution multiple is 900-1000 times;
the dosage of the dazomet fumigant in the step 3 is 20-30kg per mu;
the mass fraction of the prochloraz in the step 4 is 25%, and the dilution multiple is 900-1500 times; the mass fraction of mancozeb is 80 percent, and the dilution factor is 400-800 times.
2. The method for controlling eggplant root rot disease according to claim 1, characterized in that 200ml to 250ml of liquid medicine is used per plant in step 4.
3. The method for controlling eggplant root rot disease as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent in step 5 is 42%, and the dilution factor is 900-1100 times.
4. The method for controlling eggplant root rot disease according to claim 1, characterized in that the hymexazol agent in step 5 has a mass fraction of 30% and a dilution factor of 500-1000.
5. The method for controlling eggplant root rot disease according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of the pentoxazole carbendazim diluent and the hymexazol agent in step 5 are each 200ml per plant.
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