CN108250215B - 一种新型抗hiv药物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种新型抗hiv药物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108250215B CN108250215B CN201611237998.2A CN201611237998A CN108250215B CN 108250215 B CN108250215 B CN 108250215B CN 201611237998 A CN201611237998 A CN 201611237998A CN 108250215 B CN108250215 B CN 108250215B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型抗HIV药物及其在临床上的用途,本发明所述新型抗HIV药物具有下式(I)所示的结构。本发明还包括式(I)所示的化合物或水合物、溶剂化物、共晶体、药学上可接受的盐、其制备方法。该类化合物的药物组合物在医药上的用途,特别是用于获得性免疫缺陷综合症的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型抗HIV药物及其非毒性药学可接受的盐、制备方法、含它们的药物组合物和临床上用途,特别是用于获得性免疫缺陷综合症的治疗。
背景技术
在病毒中,己知人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV),一种逆转录病毒,引起获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)。用于AIDS的治疗剂主要选自一组逆转录酶抑制剂(如,AZT、3TC)和蛋白酶抑制剂(如,茚地那韦),但它们被证实伴有副作用如肾病和出现抗药性病毒。因此,渴望开发具有其它作用机制的抗HIV药物。
另一方面,有报道由于耐药突变体的频繁出现,联合疗法可有效治疗AIDS。逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂在临床上用作抗-HIV药物,然而具有相同作用机制的药物常常显示交叉抗药性或者仅具有附加的活性。因此,需要具有其它作用机制的抗-HIV药物。
在以上情况下,HIV整合酶抑制剂的开发集中在具有新的作用机制的抗HIV药物上。为具有这样的作用机制的抗-HIV药物,己知有氨基甲酰基一取代的羟基嘧啶酮(pyrimidinone)衍生物和氨基甲酰基一取代的羟基吡咯烷酮(pyrrolidione)衍生物。
其它己知的氨基甲酰基吡啶酮衍生物包括5-烷氧基吡啶-3-甲酰胺衍生物和Y-吡喃酮-3-甲酰胺衍生物,其为植物生长抑制剂或除草剂。
其它HIV整合酶抑制剂包括含N稠环化合物。
本发明人经大量研究发现具有有效的HIV整合酶抑制活性的新的多环氨基甲酰基吡啶酮衍生物。
此外,本发明人发现本发明的化合物和含有本发明化合物的药用组合物用作抗病毒药、抗逆转录病毒药、抗-HIV药物、抗HTLV-1(人T细胞白血病病毒l型)药、抗FIV(猫免疫缺陷病毒)药或抗SIV(猴免疫缺陷病毒)药,特别是实现本发明的下示抗HIV药或抗AIDS药。
本发明通过设计具有通式(Ⅰ)所示结构的化合物,并发现具有此类结构的化合物表现出优异的效果。
发明内容
本发明提供了如下通式I所示的抗HIV药物,同时还提供了一系列通式I的化合物在药学上可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂化合物、共晶体。
其中:
n 为0至10的整数;
R1选自H、烷氧基、烷基、三氟乙氧基、甲氧基丙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、羟基;
R2选自H、烷氧基、烷基、三氟乙氧基、甲氧基丙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、羟基;
R3选自H、甲氧基、甲基、三氟乙氧基、甲氧基丙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、苯基、吗啉基、吡咯基、羟基;
R5选自甲基、甲氧基、羟基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基;
Y为盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐,硝酸盐,以及醋酸盐,草酸盐,酒石酸盐,琥珀酸盐,苹果酸盐,苯甲酸盐,双羟萘酸盐,海藻酸盐,枸橼酸盐,丁二酸盐,富马酸盐,甲磺酸盐,萘磺酸盐;
所述R4基团的X可以为钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐。
上述通式I的化合物包括消旋体、S构型、R构型。
本发明提供通式I的化合物、其立体异构体或药学上可以接受的盐,其中,所述通式I的化合物括下列化合物:
本发明第二方面提供制备抗HIV药物、其立体异构体或药学上可接受的盐的方法。步骤如下:
上述化合物包括消旋体、S构型、R构型。
本发明还提供抗HIV药物或其药用盐在治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合症中的用途。
本发明还提供含有本发明抗HIV药物和立体异构体或药用盐的药物组合物,其包括临床有效剂量的本发明抗HIV药物、其立体异构体或药用盐以及任选的药学可接受的载体。本发明所获得的抗HIV药物、其立体异构体或药用盐可以单独或以药物组合的形式给药。本发明药物组合可根据给药途径配成各种适宜的剂型。使用一种或多种生理上可接受的载体,包含赋形剂和助剂,它们有利于将活性化合物加工成可以在药学上使用的制剂。适当的制剂形式取决于所选择的给药途径,可以按照本领域熟知的常识进行制造。
给药途径可以是口服、非肠道或局部给药,优选口服和注射形式给药。可以口服的给药制剂包括胶囊剂、颗粒剂和片剂等。患者吞咽有困难时,也可以采用舌下片或者其它非吞咽的方式给药。本发明化合物也可以用于配制用于胃肠外给药或者透皮给药或者经黏膜给药。或者采用栓剂或者埋植剂的方式给药。本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明化合物可以采用合适的药物释放系统以得到更有利的效果。
另外需要指出,本发明化合物使用剂量和使用方法取决于诸多因素,包括患者的年龄、体重、性别、健康状况、营养状况、化合物的活性强度、使用时间、代谢速率、病症的严重程度以及诊治医生的主观判断。优选的使用剂量介于2~1200mg/kg;最好24小时的给药量为每公斤 1~100mg,也可采用多次给药方式。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但应理解本发明的范围非仅限于这些实施例的范围。
实施例1:化合物1的制备
反应方程式如下:
在一氧化碳气氛下,将33.5g化合物1-1,34.8ml的二异丙基乙胺,14.3mL的化合物2-1和4.62g的四(三苯基膦)钯的二甲基亚砜的混合物在90℃下搅拌5.5小时。冷却后,过滤沉淀,用50ml水洗涤。再用500ml异丙醇洗涤,固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,有机层用335ml水洗涤。分出水层,水层加入0.5N 盐酸300ml。再用乙酸乙酯300ml萃取水层。合并有机层并浓缩。向残余物中加入150ml的异丙醇,冷却至20℃并过滤,所得固体溶于乙醇(100mL)并用1N氢氧化钠(aq)处理。生成的悬浮液于室温下搅拌30分钟。过滤,得化合物1 35g,收率74.2%。
实施例2:化合物2的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3:化合物3的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4:化合物4的制备
反应方程式如下:
在一氧化碳气氛下,将50g化合物1-4,45ml的二异丙基乙胺,25mL的化合物2-2和5.8g的四(三苯基膦)钯的二甲基亚砜的混合物在90℃下搅拌10小时。冷却后,过滤沉淀,用78ml水洗涤。再用670ml异丙醇洗涤,固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,有机层用450ml水洗涤。分出水层,水层加入0.5N 盐酸450ml。再用乙酸乙酯500ml萃取水层。合并有机层并浓缩。向残余物中加入250ml的异丙醇,冷却至20℃并过滤,得化合物4 53g,收率77.2%。
实施例5:化合物5的制备
反应方程式如下:
在一氧化碳气氛下,将50g化合物1-5,45ml的二异丙基乙胺,25mL的化合物2-3和5.8g的四(三苯基膦)钯的二甲基亚砜的混合物在90℃下搅拌10小时。冷却后,过滤沉淀,用78ml水洗涤。再用670ml异丙醇洗涤,固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,有机层用450ml水洗涤。分出水层,水层加入0.5N 盐酸450ml。再用乙酸乙酯500ml萃取水层。合并有机层并浓缩。向残余物中加入250ml的异丙醇,冷却至20℃并过滤,得固体溶于乙醇(100mL)并用盐酸调节pH至1,生成的悬浮液于室温下搅拌30分钟。过滤,得化合物5 59g,收率81.2%。
实施例6:化合物6的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例7:化合物7的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例4。
实施例8:化合物8的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例5。
实施例9:化合物9的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例4。
实施例10:化合物10的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例5。
实施例11:化合物11的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例4。
实施例12:化合物12的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例13:化合物13的制备
反应方程式如下:
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例14:本发明的化合物对小鼠静脉给药的急性毒性测试
将200 毫克选实施例制备的化合物组成的组中的一种的混合物对5只ICR小鼠给药 (5 周大,雄性,体重 20 克±2 克的小鼠 )。然后观察 2 周后的致死率、体重、症状等,以确定最小致死量 (Minimum Lethal Dose,MLD, mg/Kg )。结果如表1所示。
表1:
根据存活率、体重变化、血液测试和中毒综合症的观察结果证明本发明的抗HIV药物毒性相对较小。
实施例15:HIV整合酶抑制活性基于下面的测定方法进行研究。
(1)制备DNA溶液
通过如在W0 20041024693的实验实施例l中所述方法的相同方法,制备底物DNA溶液(2pmol/u l)和目标DNA溶液(5pmol/u l)。各个目标DNA溶液一旦沸腾后,将温度缓慢降低以使所用的互补链退火。底物DNA和目标DNA的各个序列如在相同的实验实施例中所述。
(2)抑制率(TC50值)的测量
使链霉抗生物素(由Vector Laboratories制备)溶于0.1M碳酸盐缓冲溶液(组成:90mM Na2C03、lOmM NaHC03),浓度为40ug/ml。将各50ul的这种溶液加入免疫测定板(由NUNC制造)的孔中,使其于4℃静置过夜以便吸附。然后,用磷酸盐缓冲液(组成:13.7mMNaCl、0.27mM KC1、0.43mM Na2HP04、0.14mM KH2P04)洗涤各孔两次,用含有1%脱脂乳的300ul磷酸盐缓冲液封闭30分钟。此外,用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤各孔两次,于室温、振荡下,加入50ul底物DNA溶液(2pmol/u l)以吸附30分钟,将其用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤两次,然后,蒸馏水一次。
然后,同如上所述制备的各孔中加入12ul缓冲液(组成:150mMMOPS (pH7.2)、75mMMnCl2、50mM 2-巯基乙醇、25%甘油、500 ug/ml牛血清白蛋白-成分V),及由39ul蒸馏水制备的51ul反应溶液。然后,加入9ul整合酶溶液(30pmol),将该混合物充分混合。向作为阴性对照的孔中(NC)加入9ul稀释的溶液(组成:20mM MOPS (pH7.2)、400mM或glutamete钾、1mMEDTA、0.1%NP-40、20%甘油、1mM DTT,4M脲),将其用板混合器充分混合。
将该板于30℃温育60分钟后,丢弃反应溶液,接着用250ul洗涤缓冲液(组成:150mM MOPS (pH7.2)、50mM 2-巯基乙醇、25%甘油、500ug/ml牛血清白蛋白-成分V)洗涤3次。
然后,向各孔中加入12ul缓冲液(组成:150mM MOPS (pH7.2)、75mM MgCl2、50mM2-巯基乙醇,25%甘油、500ug/ml牛血清白蛋白-成分V),及41ul蒸馏水制备的53ul反应溶液。此外,将6ul试验化合物的DMSO溶液加入各孔中,将6 ul DMSO加人作为阳性对照(PC)的孔中,接着用板混合器充分混合。将该板于30℃温育30分钟后,加入1ul目标DNA (5pmol/ul),将其用板混合器充分混合。
将各板于30℃温育10分钟后,丢弃反应溶液,接着用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤两次。然后,抗体稀释液将碱性磷酸酶标记的抗-地高辛配基抗体(羊Fab片段:由Boehringer制备)稀释2000-倍,于30℃加入100ul的该稀释液以结合l小时,将其顺序用含有0.05% Tween20的磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤两次,接着用磷酸盐缓冲液洗涤1次。然后,于30℃加入150 u l碱性磷酸酶染色缓冲液(组成:lOmM对硝基苯基磷酸酯(由Vector Laboratories生产)、5mMMgCl2、lOOmM NaCl、lOOmM Tris-HCl (pH 9.5))加入以反应2小时,加入50ul 1NNaOH溶液以停止该反应,测定各孔的吸光度(OD405nm),而抑制率(IC50)根据下面的计算方程式获得。
抑制率(%)=100 [1-{(C abs.-NC abs.)/(PC abs.-NC abs.)}]
C abs.:孔中化合物的吸光度
NC abs.:NC的吸光度
PC abs.:PC的吸光度
结果如表2所示。
表2
本化合物显示对抗HIV整合酶的抑制活性。
实施例16:该测定采用改善对塑料的粘附的293T细胞表达粘附因子衍生物。通过用pGJ3-Luci载体质粒(Jarmy,G.et al.,J.Medical Virology,64:223-231,2001)并口pVSV-g (Clontech)转染细胞制备表达荧光素酶的VSV-g假型HIV载体(在此处称为PHIV)。使细胞与PHIV载体混合,然后与系列稀释的化合物混合。于37℃和5%C02下培养2天后,按照制造商的介绍,用Steady Glo荧光素酶测定试剂(Promega)读取板。为评价非-HIV特异性抑制,进行类似的测定,但是用先前转导和基本表达荧光素酶的细胞代替细胞/PHIV载体混合物,结果见表3。
表3
Claims (5)
1.抗HIV的化合物或药学上可接受的盐,所述化合物具有式I所示的结构:
其中:
n为0至10的整数;
R1选自H、甲氧基、甲基、三氟乙氧基、甲氧基丙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、羟基;
R2选自H、甲氧基、甲基、三氟乙氧基、甲氧基丙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、羟基;
R3选自H、甲氧基、甲基、三氟乙氧基、卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基、苯基、吗啉基、吡咯基、羟基;
其中,X选自氢原子、钠原子和钾原子;
结构式中的波浪线表示连接位置;
R5选自卤素、三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、氟甲氧基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟甲基;
Y选自盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硫酸氢、磷酸、硝酸、以及醋酸、草酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、苯甲酸、双羟萘酸、海藻酸、枸橼酸、丁二酸、富马酸、甲磺酸、萘磺酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在化合物构型为消旋体、S构型或R构型。
4.一种药物组合物,其包括权利要求1至3任一项所述的化合物,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
5.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物或权利要求4所述的药物组合物在制备治疗获得性免疫缺陷综合症的药物中的用途。
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