CN108210594B - 一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物,它含有下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:炙麻黄3‑8份、五味子3‑8份、防风3‑8份、钩藤3‑8份、蝉蜕3‑8份、地龙3‑8份。本发明还提供了该药物组合物的制备方法和用途。本发明药物原料药味少而精,且疗效更优,主要用于治疗中医辩证为阴虚肺燥之咳嗽,效果显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物,属于药物领域。
背景技术
咳嗽作为一个公共卫生问题,日益受到各国的重视,不同国家或地区的流行病学调查研究均显示咳嗽的发生率相当高,普遍在10%以上。咳嗽多呈痉挛性、阵发性、反复性,符合“风盛则挛急”、“风邪为病,善行而数变”、“风盛则痒”、“风为阳邪,易化燥伤阴”的特点,故咳嗽的发病,与“风”关系密切,故以“风咳”命名之。风有“内风”、“外风”之别:六淫之邪、油烟等异味皆为“虚邪贼风”,谓之“外风”;内风:由七情不畅,肝气郁结,气机不畅所致,或由外风犯肺,日久不散,伏于肺络所致。内风伏于肺络,每遇外风引动,肺宣发肃降功能失常,发为本病,故治疗上应从“风”论治,以祛风、恢复肺的宣降功能为主。
古代医家认为肺燥阴伤,多由外燥导致,常用的验方有敏咳煎、玄龙止咳颗粒等,敏咳处方为:煎炙麻黄15g、苦杏仁15g、桔梗15g、五味子12g、乌梅12g、川贝母12g、桑白皮12g、防风10g、钩藤10g、牡丹皮10g、栀子10g、僵蚕9g、地龙9g、蝉蜕9g;玄龙止咳颗粒处方为:炙麻黄5g玄参10g防风5g钩藤5g五味子5g地龙5g僵蚕5g。
发明人认为目前时疫流行改变、雾霾严重,肺为娇脏,司呼吸,易受外邪侵袭,肺宣发肃降功能失常,则发为咳嗽、气喘,故治咳应重在祛风清热、敛肺止咳。目前报道的文献针对宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴尚无药效较好的组方报道。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案是提供了一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物,本发明的另一方案是提供了该药物组合物的制备方法和用途。
本发明提供了一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物,它含有下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:
炙麻黄3-8份、五味子3-8份、防风3-8份、钩藤3-8份、蝉蜕3-8份、地龙3-8份。
进一步优选地,它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:
炙麻黄3-8份、五味子3-8份、防风3-8份、钩藤3-8份、蝉蜕3-8份、地龙3-8份。
更进一步优选地,它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:
炙麻黄5份、五味子5份、防风5份、钩藤5份、蝉蜕5份、地龙5份。
本发明药物组合物是由炙麻黄、五味子、防风、钩藤、蝉蜕、地龙的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分,加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
其中,所述的制剂是口服制剂,包括水煎剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、合剂或糖浆剂。
本发明还提供了所述的药物组合物的制备方法,它包括如下步骤:
a、称取各重量配比的原料药;
b、原料药打粉、加水或有机溶剂提取,再加入药学上常用的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
本发明还提供了所述的药物组合物在制备具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物中的用途。
其中,所述的药物是治疗痰少难咯或呛咳阵作的药物。
本发明药物组合物是发明人通过总结古今临床对该疾病的用药情况,结合自己多年临床经验和多次处方临床试验研究,对临床处方常用药味进行了充分的分析化裁,逐步减少处方药味,如苦杏仁、桔梗、乌梅、川贝母、桑白皮、牡丹皮、栀子、僵蚕、玄参等,优化了目前临床治疗咳嗽的处方,创建了本发明药物组合物,发挥其宣肺止咳,祛风敛阴功效,以内外风兼治为特色,针对干咳无痰或痰少难咯,或呛咳阵作等急、慢性咳嗽有明确的治疗和改善效果。
本发明药物原料药味少而精,且疗效更优,主要用于治疗中医辩证为阴虚肺燥之咳嗽,效果显著。针对阴虚肺燥,肺燥生风导致的咳嗽、气急、咽痒及咽干等症状,发明人认为咳嗽的发病,与“风”关系密切,“欲语因咳,言不得尽,谓之风咳”,故以“风咳”命名之,而“风为百病之长也”,具有“风邪为病,善行而数变”,“风为阳邪,易化燥伤阴”,“风盛则挛急”,“风盛则痒“的特点,故治疗上应从风论治,以祛风宣肺为主,其中麻黄味辛性温,为“肺经主药”,“发表出汗,去邪热气,止咳逆上气”,蜜制则增润肺之功,尤适于肺燥失宣所致咳嗽之症,是为君药;五味子性温,五味具备,酸咸为多,故专收敛肺气止咳,是为臣药;防风味辛,微温而不燥,以祛风解表为长,既能散风寒,又能发散风热,钩藤味甘性凉,其“去风甚速,有风症者必宜用之”,熄风止痉、清热平肝,两药合用既祛外风又熄内风,是为佐药;蝉蜕味甘性寒,归肺经,其质地轻,入肺经能宣散肺经风热,地龙味咸性寒,归肺、膀胱经,善行走窜通络而清热熄风平喘,两药合用共助佐药熄内外之风,且肺与膀胱相表里,引诸药直达病所,共奏宣肺止咳,祛风敛阴之效。可用于治疗干咳无痰或痰少难咯,或呛咳阵作。咽痒,恶风,咳甚时可伴气急。症见有舌淡苔薄白或薄黄,少津。脉象:脉浮,或紧,或弦,或细数。
具体实施方式
实施例1本发明药物的制备
组方:炙麻黄5g、五味子5g、防风5g、钩藤5g、蝉蜕5g、地龙5g
制备方法:以上6味,煎煮三次,每次加8倍量水,煎煮1.5小时,滤过,浓缩至相对密度为1.25~1.35(80℃)的稠膏,加入糊精适量,混匀,制粒,干燥,整粒,混匀,分装,即得。
以下通过临床试验证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1本发明药物临床试验
1)受试药物:
将本发明药物(由实施例1制备)与对比处方1和对比处方2进行比较,其中:
对比处方1:敏咳煎:炙麻黄15g、苦杏仁15g、桔梗15g、五味子12g、乌梅12g、川贝母12g、桑白皮12g、防风10g、钩藤10g、牡丹皮10g、栀子10g、僵蚕9g、地龙9g、蝉蜕9g;制备方法与本发明药物的制备方法相同。
2)疗效评价:
咳嗽症状积分包括日间咳嗽症状积分和夜间咳嗽症状积分,每部分均按照不同的轻重程度划分为分个等级。日间咳嗽症状积分为无咳嗽、偶有短暂咳嗽、频繁咳嗽轻微影响日常活动、频繁咳嗽严重影响日常生活;夜间咳嗽症状积分为无咳嗽、入睡时短暂咳嗽或偶有夜间咳嗽、咳嗽轻度影响夜间睡眠、咳嗽严重影响夜间睡眠。根据尼莫地平法综合判定疗效。疗效指数=(治疗前积分-治疗后积分)/治疗前积分×100%。
临床控制:证候积分和较治疗前下降≥95%。
显效:治疗后证候积分和较治疗前下降≥70%。
有效:治疗后证候积分和较治疗前下降<70%。
无效:治疗后证候积分和较治疗前下降<30%或增加≥30%。
3)试验结果:见表1,由表1可见本发明药物组有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。
表1两组患者治疗后疗效比较
注:﹡与对照组比较P<0.05。
上述临床试验证明,本发明药物原料配伍精当,原料药味少而精,且药效显著。
试验例2本发明药物急性毒性试验
试验方法:
取KM小鼠40只,雌雄各半,禁食约12小时,按性别、体重随机分为两组(对照组和给药组),每组20只,雌雄各10只。给药组灌胃给予实施例1制备的本发明药物颗粒溶液0.4mL/10g,一日两次,为临床拟用剂量的104倍,对照组同法灌胃等体积蒸馏水。仔细观察并记录给药后即刻至14天内小鼠出现的毒性反应与死亡情况,并于给药后第7、14天称取小鼠体重,给药第14天,处死小鼠,解剖,肉眼观察主要脏器。
试验结果:
给药后小鼠活动减少,对外界刺激有反应。给药后约1小时后动物基本恢复正常。至给药后14天,动物行为、活动、饮水均未见异常,被毛光润,粪便正常,无一只死亡。给药后第7天动物体重平均增长值给药组为4.57±1.64g,对照组为4.98±1.59g;给药后第14天动物体重平均增长值给药组为8.40±2.11g,对照组为8.21±1.63g。给药组动物的体重增长与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。给药第14天,处死小鼠,解剖,肉眼观察主要脏器,心、肝、脾、肺、肾等主要脏器未见异常。
结论:
采用最大给药量法,本发明药物组合物灌胃给予小鼠约为临床拟用剂量的104倍,未见明显毒性反应,无一只死亡。
综上,本发明药物组合物是发明人何成诗主任医师前后研究20余年,通过逐步调整药味优和增加药量选出的最佳处方,采用本发明药物组合物针对慢性咳嗽疗效好,未见明显不良反应,临床使用安全有效。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物组合物,其特征在于:它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:
炙麻黄3-8份、五味子3-8份、防风3-8份、钩藤3-8份、蝉蜕3-8份、地龙3-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:它是由下述重量配比的原料药制备而成的制剂:
炙麻黄5份、五味子5份、防风5份、钩藤5份、蝉蜕5份、地龙5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2任意一项所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:它是由炙麻黄、五味子、防风、钩藤、蝉蜕、地龙的原生药粉、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分,加入药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,其特征在于:所述的制剂是口服制剂,包括水煎剂、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、片剂、口服液、合剂或糖浆剂。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的药物组合物的制备方法,它包括如下步骤:
a、称取各重量配比的原料药;
b、原料药打粉、加水或有机溶剂提取,再加入药学上常用的辅料或辅助性成分制备成药学上常用的制剂。
6.权利要求1-4任一项所述的药物组合物在制备具有宣肺止咳、祛风敛阴功效的药物中的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于:所述的药物是治疗痰少难咯或呛咳阵作的药物。
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