CN1081534C - 复合板 - Google Patents

复合板 Download PDF

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CN1081534C
CN1081534C CN97114735A CN97114735A CN1081534C CN 1081534 C CN1081534 C CN 1081534C CN 97114735 A CN97114735 A CN 97114735A CN 97114735 A CN97114735 A CN 97114735A CN 1081534 C CN1081534 C CN 1081534C
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CN1176882A (zh
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H·吉森丹纳
P·穆勒
J·梅尔
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3A Composites International AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/02—Bending or folding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B29L2031/608—Honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/582—Tearability
    • B32B2307/5825—Tear resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1003—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by separating laminae between spaced secured areas [e.g., honeycomb expanding]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like

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Abstract

一种复合板，其包括一层芯部层和至少一层外部层，所述外部层用粘合剂粘固在所述芯部层上，所述复合板成型成在所述外部层中形成至少一个弯曲半径，所述芯部层呈现蜂窝状体结构，并用至少一层大面积地涂覆的粘弹性粘合剂层粘固在所述外部层上。蜂窝状体芯部层和粘固芯部层到外部层的粘合剂层的组合，使复合板可快速地和廉价地成型而不损坏外部层或显著减低其强度。大面积粘弹性粘固的经过可达到具有高的抗脱层、抗振动分离、抗腐蚀和抗潮湿的性能。

Description

复合板
本发明涉及一种包括一层芯部和至少一层外部层的复合板，该外部层粘合地粘固在该芯部上，该复合板呈异型体，其外部层制成至少具有一弯曲半径。
在欧洲专利-B-0423073和德国专利-A-2831363中已知有多种复合板，各该复合板具有由塑料制成的芯部和金属制成的外部层，且该复合板通过弯曲成型。弯曲操作是在对该外部层的弯曲部分的内侧边切出切槽或压花之后进行的。依赖着其弯曲的程度，其弯曲半径则可沿该切槽或压花线而增大或减小。小半径可导致在该芯部和外部层之间的粘合剂发生分离，这种粘合剂的分离具有一个负效应，特别是在抗腐蚀、坚固性和抗疲劳强度方面具有负效应。
通常，弯曲的复合板是用昂贵的凸模和凹模和各种复杂的粘固方法制造的。由于每一种形状的复合板需要用一种特种模具来制造，因此这种制造方法成本自然很高。如果弯曲半径很小，可能还需要机械处理该复合板的外部层的内侧表面，否则该内侧表面的切槽或压花将会在弯曲后又再闭合起来。由于进行机械处理而致该外部层产生局部破坏性，因此，在该复合板受弯曲的区域处其强度大大地降低；于是需要适当的措施使已降低的强度得到恢复，这种措施包括加强报复合板的各角部。
鉴于现有技术的缺陷，因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种包括一层芯部和至少一层外部层的复合板，该复合板的外部层粘合地粘固在该芯部上，该复合板呈一种异型体，其外部层则制成至少具有一弯曲半径。该呈异型体的复合板以扁平的复合板作为原始材料，这种扁平复合板在一个相当宽的厚度范围内，可以简单的方法和廉宜的成本的方式成型成具有任意所需半径的所需任意形状的异型体。此成型过程不需要使用昂贵的模具，且即使在弯曲半径非常小时，每一层外部层都没有发生从该芯部层脱层的现象。
本发明的目的是通过本发明的芯部层呈一种蜂窝状结构并至少用一种涂覆在一大块面积上的粘弹性粘合剂层粘固到该外部层上而实现的。
通过采用大面积将该芯部层粘弹性粘固到该外部层上，可以实现高的抗脱层、抗震动所致的松弛、抗腐蚀和抗潮湿。由于其弹性特性，本发明的粘合剂屈服于作用在该外部层上的各种变形，即使当弯曲半径非常小时也是屈服于作用在该外部层上的各种变形，而不发生该外部层从该芯部层或该粘合剂上脱层，或不发生粘合剂层撕裂。该蜂窝状芯部的高抗压缩力的特性导致在弯曲区域内有均匀的曲率。
本发明的优先复合板取用所谓夹层板的形式，即，芯部层在其两侧边各由一层外部层所覆盖。
本发明的复合板的芯部层和外部层宜采用铝或铝合金作为制造的材料，这是由于铝和铝合金的特性很适合用以制造本发明的芯部层和外部层。
本发明的复合板的总厚度可在相当宽度范围内变化。该芯部层优先采用的蜂窝状体的蜂窝孔的高度约为5至50毫米，具体地说，以6至25毫米为最好；而外部层的厚度优先约在0.3至2毫米，更具体地说，以0.5至1.5毫米为最好。
在许多情况下，本发明的复合板能在不需要加热的情况下，以一个单一步骤成型成简单的形状。由于采用铝质蜂窝状芯部层，因此，在将之弯曲时，只使该铝质芯部层稍许弹回，也就是说，可以将各部件以高精度误差制造。
可和本发明的复合板一起使用的快速、成本廉宜而不减低其强度的成型操作，具体地说，包括折弯、冲压成形(棱边、孔、槽沟)、在一系列的步骤之中进行的弯曲和曲面弯曲等。
该粘合剂层的弹性性能最好改进成能提供该弯曲半径所需的抗撕裂和抗脱层的特性，即其弹性特性适宜于接纳最小的弯曲半径。如果可能，还得避免其弹性特性超过所需的弹性大小，因超过所需弹性大小将会对产品所需的诸如粘合强度和剪切强度等特性产生负的效果。可采用的粘合剂在市场上均由出售，诸如聚烯烃中的聚乙烯或聚丙烯。然而，所采用的粘合剂的组分并不限定于上述实例中所列举的那一些。
本发明的复合板的最大优点在于，其可由一块扁平复合板作为初始材料。因此，有可能而且也可有利地以已知的方法连续地制造该扁平复合板。
本发明的复合板具有广泛的可能应用范围，特别是用作公路和铁路的车辆或建造工业中的零部件，还可用作贸易展览会中的展览铺位或其他各种包覆层等。
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节将在下文中借助作为示范性实例的优先实施例并参照附图详细说明。
图1为本发明的经过一系列步骤弯曲的复合板的剖视图；
图2为本发明的经过弯曲并显示一个经过压缩的边缘区域的特征的复合板的剖视图；
图3为图2的一个部份的放大图。
图1和2示出本发明的复合板10，图中显示其中用例如铝质材料制成呈蜂窝状体的芯部层12，该蜂窝状体的高度例如可等于15毫米。该蜂窝状体芯部层12在其两侧边包覆以用例如铝合金AlMg3制成的外部层14。该外部层14的厚度可例如为0.8毫米。通过用一层涂覆到整个复合板的面积的粘弹性粘合剂层16将该蜂窝状体芯部层12和该外部层14联接起来。为了便于清楚说明问题，在图1和2中未示出该粘弹性粘合剂层16。
示于图1中的复合板10显示一种弯曲面，该弯曲面由顺次的折弯操作而完成的。为此目的，在外部层14上弯曲区域的内侧铺盖层的一边制成多个相继的凹陷部18a。该单个凹陷部18a导致产生比较小的弯曲半径24a。
示于图2中的复合板10已经通过一种折弯操作在围绕一个边缘22处弯曲了90°。折弯操作的结果，形成了有非常小的半径24b的单一凹陷部18b。图2中也示出另一种可能的成型形式，即形成一个压缩的边缘26。从该复合板10到该压缩边缘26的过渡区28处也可有显著的曲率半径24c。
具有很高的抗压缩能力的该蜂窝状体芯部层12和该粘弹性粘合剂层16导致可以在没有发生脱层的情况下，获得均匀的弯曲表面20或边缘22。在内部侧边也获得均匀的弯曲，该内部侧边的弯曲可满足装饰工程的需要。
所获得在非常小的弯曲半径区域中的结果，可由图3中看到，该图3为图2所示的弯曲区域的放大图。从图3中明显看到，该粘弹性粘合剂层16的大面积涂覆在防止该外部层14本身从该蜂窝状体芯部层12上脱层极为有效。
为进一步增加该成型板的稳定性和强度，该外部层14可通过用一种角件粘固在该弯曲或折弯区域或通过在用成型操作形成的凹陷部18b填充以填料而对之进行补强。由于该粘合剂的弹性特性的结果，该蜂窝状体芯部层的抗压构件仍然黏附在该外部层上。
在粘合剂/蜂窝状体芯部层界面的过渡区中没有发现有由高应力产生的槽沟效应，即该蜂窝状体芯部层可发生塑性变形，但没有碎裂的风险。

Claims (24)

1.一种复合板，其包括一层芯部层(12)和至少一层外部层(14)，所述外部层用粘合剂粘固在所述芯部层上，所述复合板成型成在所述外部层中形成至少一个弯曲半径(24a，24b)，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)呈现蜂窝状体结构，并用至少一层涂覆在所述外部层内侧的整个表面上的粘弹性粘合剂层(16)粘固在所述外部层上。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)和所述外部层(14)由铝或铝合金材料制成。
3.如权利要求2所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述复合板经过一系列的折叠、冲压、折弯或弯曲而成型。
4.如权利要求3所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述粘合剂层(16)具有适宜于在非常小的弯曲半径(24a，24b)的情况下抵抗撕裂和脱层的弹性特性。
5.如权利要求4所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述复合板用扁平复合板为原材料制成，而所述扁平复合板则为连续的长复合板。
6.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)安置在两层所述外部层(14)之间。
7.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述外部层(14)的折弯或折叠区域用粘固到所述区域的角件和/或以填充料填充所述由成型操作形成的凹陷部(18a，18b)进行补强。
8.如权利要求6所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述外部层(14)的折弯或折叠区域用粘固到所述区域的角件和/或以填充料填充所述由成型操作形成的凹陷部(18a，18b)进行补强。
9.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
10.如权利要求6所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
11.如权利要求7所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
12.如权利要求8所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
13.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
14.如权利要求6所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
15.如权利要求7所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
16.如权利要求8所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.3至2毫米。
17.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
18.如权利要求6所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
19.如权利要求7所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
20.如权利要求8所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为5至50毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
21.如权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
22.如权利要求6所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
23.如权利要求7所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
24.如权利要求8所述的复合板，其特征在于，所述芯部层(12)的蜂窝状体的蜂窝高度(h)为6至25毫米，而所述外部层(14)的厚度为0.5至1.5毫米。
CN97114735A 1996-07-18 1997-07-18 复合板 Expired - Fee Related CN1081534C (zh)

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JPH1058570A (ja) 1998-03-03
US5919545A (en) 1999-07-06
CA2210217A1 (en) 1998-01-18
AU711682B2 (en) 1999-10-21
AU2683297A (en) 1998-01-29
EP0819518B1 (de) 2005-08-24
DE59611262D1 (de) 2005-09-29
EP0819518A1 (de) 1998-01-21
ATE302684T1 (de) 2005-09-15
CN1176882A (zh) 1998-03-25
KR980009694A (ko) 1998-04-30
JP2002316370A (ja) 2002-10-29

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