CN108148394A - 来自聚氨酯组合物的贮存稳定的单组分聚氨酯预浸料和由此制得成型体 - Google Patents
来自聚氨酯组合物的贮存稳定的单组分聚氨酯预浸料和由此制得成型体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108148394A CN108148394A CN201711248885.7A CN201711248885A CN108148394A CN 108148394 A CN108148394 A CN 108148394A CN 201711248885 A CN201711248885 A CN 201711248885A CN 108148394 A CN108148394 A CN 108148394A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammonium
- hydroxide
- prepreg
- methyl
- benzyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 60
- -1 Hexyl methane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 29
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCCC[NH3+] OBBQDLHBLQTARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XXKOQQBKBHUATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1CC1CCCCC1 XXKOQQBKBHUATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- UPYSSRQCIUAPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 1,2,3,4-tetraethylbenzene formate Chemical compound C(=O)[O-].[NH4+].C(C)C1=C(C(=C(C=C1)CC)CC)CC UPYSSRQCIUAPEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- HSNJERRVXUNQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 HSNJERRVXUNQLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=CC=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 XZXYQEHISUMZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YYTGOTUOUTUALN-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;phenylmethanol Chemical compound N.OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YYTGOTUOUTUALN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl alcohol Substances OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylphenylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HADKRTWCOYPCPH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical group OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIPLIJLVGZCKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Neurine Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C=C NIPLIJLVGZCKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KFSZGBHNIHLIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KFSZGBHNIHLIAA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCCCC[NH3+] SDPBQTFSSSPDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940057874 phenyl trimethicone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].C[N+](C)(C)C GTDKXDWWMOMSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(methyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](C)(CC)CC JAJRRCSBKZOLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LINXHFKHZLOLEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical class O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SDXAWLJRERMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1h-pyrazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C)NN=1 SDXAWLJRERMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WURQDFAFFZHLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)(C1=C(C)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CC(C)(C1=C(C)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=C1)O.N WURQDFAFFZHLNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HZMBLKGKRRKDQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=C(C)C(C)=CC=C1)O.N HZMBLKGKRRKDQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ASBBPAKSMPDQTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)(C1=C(CC)C(CC)=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C1=C(CC)C(CC)=CC=C1)O.N ASBBPAKSMPDQTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BBTOUWCGDXRMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)(CC)OC.N Chemical compound CCC(CC)(CC)OC.N BBTOUWCGDXRMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CGYUFPQEFXAYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(CCC)(C1=C(CCC)C(CCC)=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)(C1=C(CCC)C(CCC)=CC=C1)O.N CGYUFPQEFXAYRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQCATMINAGOZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCC(CCCC)(C1=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)(C1=C(CCCC)C(CCCC)=CC=C1)O.N LQCATMINAGOZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCGVWROXJMPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)O.N Chemical compound CCCCCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)O.N VSCGVWROXJMPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LGCZMVMXPLABGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OCC1=CC=CC=C1.N Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1.OCC1=CC=CC=C1.N LGCZMVMXPLABGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] Chemical compound [I-].[NH4+].C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[I-] GEVVMWHWTUKSKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QDHAILHPVRJURY-UHFFFAOYSA-M [NH4+].[I-].C[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[I-] Chemical compound [NH4+].[I-].C[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1.[I-] QDHAILHPVRJURY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GSKNYYLQIOPQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(C)(CC)CC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(C)(CC)CC GSKNYYLQIOPQOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SOASOXUEGJAYCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(C)OC(CC)(CC)CC SOASOXUEGJAYCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOBVHYQHVDSSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CC)OC(CCC)(CCC)CCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CC)OC(CCC)(CCC)CCC XOBVHYQHVDSSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KOPYRLXKBRIDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCC)OC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCC)OC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KOPYRLXKBRIDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBSLFRJZYFDMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCC)CO Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCC)CO DBSLFRJZYFDMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO Chemical class [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCC)CO DRDGCDWNOIBRFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUKBKRYAQJPFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCC)CO Chemical class [OH-].[NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCC)CO BUKBKRYAQJPFFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ULSFYYQKCZGDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[NH4+].CO.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[OH-] Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].CO.C(C1=CC=CC=C1)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[OH-] ULSFYYQKCZGDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OHMGFSYRIIRLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].COC(C1=CC=CC=C1)(C)C OHMGFSYRIIRLLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JNPKHJGVGNPXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [OH-].[NH4+].COC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC Chemical compound [OH-].[NH4+].COC(CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JNPKHJGVGNPXGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJZCQTRVVBDSRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2,2,3-trimethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound N.CC(C)C(C)(C)C(O)=O DJZCQTRVVBDSRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LKNCKJZBVUVPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] LKNCKJZBVUVPIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IOYVANXSOJHDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tributyl-3-methylheptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] IOYVANXSOJHDQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LPAMDXFWRUPCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tributylheptanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)C(CCCC)(CCCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] LPAMDXFWRUPCGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTRMPQKFVCDQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-triethyl-3-methylpentanoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(CC)C(CC)(CC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] XTRMPQKFVCDQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWPKJKCCCCBYCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 2,2,3-tripropylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)C(CCC)(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] GWPKJKCCCCBYCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UGTJOPCFXLFIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium 3-methyl-2,2,3-tripropylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC(C)(CCC)C(CCC)(CCC)C(=O)[O-].[NH4+] UGTJOPCFXLFIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/8016—Masked aliphatic or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/163—Catalysts containing two or more components to be covered by at least two of the groups C08G18/166, C08G18/18 or C08G18/22 covered by C08G18/18 and C08G18/22
- C08G18/165—Catalysts containing two or more components to be covered by at least two of the groups C08G18/166, C08G18/18 or C08G18/22 covered by C08G18/18 and C08G18/22 covered by C08G18/18 and C08G18/24
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/1875—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof containing ammonium salts or mixtures of secondary of tertiary amines and acids
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及来自聚氨酯组合物的贮存稳定的单组分聚氨酯预浸料和由此制得的成型体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及贮存稳定的单组分(1K)聚氨酯预浸料和由此制得的成型体。
背景技术
1K聚氨酯组合物尤其适用于制造贮存稳定的聚氨酯预浸料和由此制得的成型体(复合材料-部件)。该贮存稳定的聚氨酯预浸料可以通过使用这些反应性聚氨酯组合物以织物和铺设稀松布(Gelege)形式浸渍的方法来获得。
各种成型法,例如反应传递模塑(RTM)法,包括将增强纤维引入模具,关闭模具,将可交联的树脂制剂引入模具和随后使树脂交联(通常通过热输入)。
此类方法的局限之一是相对难地在模具中插入增强纤维。织物或铺设稀松布的各层必须按尺寸切割并匹配不同的模具几何。这可能既耗时又复杂,特别是当该成型体还应包含泡沫芯或其它芯时。具有简单操作和存在成型可能性的可预成型的纤维增强体系在这里将是合意的。
由于它们的易操作性和与备选的湿铺技术相比在加工过程中提高的效率,在许多工业应用中已经使用预浸料形式的经纤维增强的材料。
除了更快的周期时间和甚至在室温下的更高贮存稳定性外,此类体系的工业用户也要求按尺寸切割预浸料而不在预浸料各层的自动化按尺寸切割和铺设过程中使切割工具被通常粘性的基质材料污染的可能性。
除聚酯、乙烯基酯和环氧体系外,在交联基质体系领域中存在一系列专用树脂。这些还包括聚氨酯树脂,其由于它们的韧性、耐破坏性和强度而特别用于通过拉挤成型法制造复合材料-型材。常常提到的缺点是所用异氰酸酯是有毒的。
与乙烯基酯、不饱和聚酯树脂(UPE)或UPE-聚氨酯杂化树脂相比,聚氨酯复合材料也表现出优异的韧性。
例如在WO 98/50211、US 4,992,228、US 5,080,857、US 5,427,725、GB 2007676、GB 2182074、EP 309 221、EP 297 674、WO 89/04335、US 5,532,296和US 4,377,657、US 4,757,120中描述了基于环氧体系的预浸料和由其制成的复合材料。
WO 2006/043019描述了制造基于环氧树脂-聚氨酯粉末的预浸料的方法。
此外,作为基质的基于粉末状热塑性塑料的预浸料是已知的。
US 2004/0231598描述了引导粒子穿过带有静电电荷的特殊加速室的方法。这种设备用于玻璃-、芳族聚酰胺-或碳纤维-基底的涂覆以便制造由热塑性树脂制成的预浸料。提及的树脂是聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚苯砜(PPS)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酯和含氟聚合物。由其制成的热塑性预浸料织物表现出固有的韧性、良好的粘弹性阻尼性质、无限的贮存稳定性、良好的耐化学品性和再循环能力。
WO 98/31535描述了粉末浸渍的方法,其中对要浸渍的玻璃-或碳纤维束加载具有特定速度分布的粒子/液体-或粒子/气体混合物。在这里,该粉末由陶瓷或热塑性材料,尤其热塑性聚氨酯组成。
WO 99/64216描述了预浸料和复合材料及其制造方法,其中使用包含尺寸小到能够包封单根纤维的聚合物粒子的乳液。该粒子的聚合物具有至少5000厘泊的粘度,并且是热塑性塑料或交联聚氨酯聚合物。
EP 0590702描述了用于制造预浸料的粉末浸渍,其中该粉末由热塑性塑料和反应性单体或预聚物的混合物组成。WO 2005/091715同样描述了热塑性塑料用于制造预浸料的用途。
Michaeli等人在Coatings & Composite Materials, 第19期, 第37-39页, 1997中描述了使用热塑性聚氨酯(称为TPU)的拉挤成型法的粉末技术的研发。此外,文章Processing and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane prepreg(Ma, C. C. M.;Chiang, C. L. Annual Technical Conference -Society of Plastics Engineers(1991), 49th 2065-9)公开了基于含有溶剂和水的TPU体系的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)预浸料。
具有基于双组分聚氨酯(2-K PUR)的基质的预浸料是已知的。2-K PUR的类别基本上包含传统的反应性聚氨酯树脂体系。原则上,这是由两种单独组分组成的体系。一种组分的关键成分始终是多异氰酸酯,而第二种组分中的关键成分是多元醇,或在最近的研发中也是氨基-或胺-多元醇混合物。这两部分在加工前不久才相互混合。此后通过加聚发生化学固化,并形成聚氨酯或聚脲的网络。在这两种组分混合后,双组分体系具有有限的加工时间(耐用时间,贮存期),因为开始进行的反应导致粘度逐渐提高和最终导致该体系胶凝。许多因素决定其可加工的有效时间:共反应物的反应性、催化、浓度、溶解度、湿含量、NCO/OH比和环境温度是最重要的 [Lackharze, Stoye/Freitag, Hauser-Verlag 1996, 第210/212页]。基于这种2-K PUR体系的预浸料的缺点在于只有短时间可供预浸料加工成复合材料。因此,这种预浸料不能稳定贮存数小时,更不用说数天。
下面描述了基于2-K PUR体系的聚氨酯预浸料或-复合材料。K. Recker的文章报道了用于树脂垫工艺(Harzmattenverfahren)的2-K聚氨酯体系的研发,尤其考虑到用于SMC部件的加工性质(Baypreg - ein neuer POLYURETHAN-Werkstoff für dasHarzmattenverfahren, Recker, Klaus, Kunststoffe-Plastics 8,1981)。
WO 2005/049301公开了催化活化的2-K PUR体系,其中将多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇混合并通过拉挤成型加工成复合材料。
WO 2005/106155公开了用于建筑工业的纤维增强的复合材料,其用2-K聚氨酯体系通过长纤维注射(LFI)技术制成。
JP 2004196851描述了使用由基于聚合的亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯(MDI)和特定的含OH基团的化合物的2-K PUR制成的基质,由碳纤维和有机纤维,例如大麻制成的复合材料。
EP 1 319 503描述了聚氨酯复合材料,其中将特殊的聚氨酯覆盖层用于经2K PUR树脂浸渍且包封芯层(例如纸蜂窝体)的纤维层压体。该2K PUR树脂例如由MDI和来自聚丙烯三醇与环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷共聚物的二醇的混合物构成。
WO 2003/101719描述了基于聚氨酯的复合材料及其制造方法。这些是具有特定粘度和特定胶凝时间的2-K聚氨酯树脂。
在“Fiber reinforced polyurethane composites: shock tolerantcomponents with particular emphasis on armor plating”(Ratcliffe, Colin P.;Crane, Roger M.; Santiago, Armando L., AMD (1995), 211 (Innovative Processingand Characterization of Composite Materials), 29-37.)和Fiber-reinforcedpolyurethane composites. I. Process feasibility and morphology(Ma, Chen ChiM.; Chen, Chin Hsing. International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (1992), 37(Mater. Work. You 21st Century), 1062-74)中同样讨论了2-K PUR体系。
除不同的粘合剂基础外,湿固化漆料在组成和性质方面都基本相当于类似的2K体系。原则上使用相同的溶剂、颜料、填料和助剂。不同于2K漆料,出于稳定性原因,这些体系在施用前不能忍受任何水分。
基于非反应性PUR弹性体的物理干燥体系也是已知的。这些是由二醇和二异氰酸酯,优选MDI、TDI、HDI和IPDI形成的较高分子量的线性的热塑性的氨基甲酸酯。这种类型的热塑性体系通常具有极高的粘度和因此也具有非常高的加工温度。这是难以用于预浸料的关键因素。在用纤维复合体制造预浸料时,粉末在反应性体系中的应用更不常见,迄今仅限于少数应用领域。将粉末施加到纤维表面上的最常见方法是流化床法(流化床浸渍)。通过上行流,使粉末粒子处于具有类流体性质的状态。在EP 590 702中使用这种方法。其中,各纤维束的丝线彼此蓬分(auseinander geflochten)并在流化床中被粉末涂覆。粉末在此由反应性和热塑性粉末的混合物组成,以便由此优化基质的性质。各粗纱(纤维束)最后铺设在一起,几个层在16巴的压力下压制大约20分钟。温度为250至350℃不等。但是,在流化床法中常发生不规则涂覆,尤其是当线束未彼此拉开时。
就此而言,US 20040231598提出了与流化床法类似工作的方法。在此情况下,空气流将粒子传送至基底并通过特定构造实现粉末的均匀沉积。
US 20050215148描述了另一方法。在此情况下,用刚刚提到的装置实现粉末在纤维上的均匀分布。粒度在此达到1至2000微米。在多个实验中,从一面或从两面实施涂覆。通过粉末的均匀施加,在预浸料的随后压制后产生没有夹杂空气的层压体。
另一申请WO 2006/043019描述了使用粉末形式的环氧基和氨基封端的树脂。在这里,将粉末混合并施加到纤维上。随后,将粒子烧结以粘附(angesintert)。粒度为1至3000微米,但优选为1至150微米。
在Michigan State University的研究中也推荐将粒度限制于相当小的直径。此处的理论是,具有小直径的粒子比具有大直径的粒子更可能渗入各长丝之间的空腔中(S.Padaki, L.T. Drzal: a simulation study on the effects of particle size on theconsolidation of polymer powder impregnated tapes, Department of ChemicalEngineering, Michigan State University, Composites: Part A (1999), 第325-337页)。
除预浸技术外,反应性粉末体系也用在其它传统方法中,例如在卷绕技术中[M.N. Ghasemi Nejhad, K.M. Ikeda: Design, manufacture and characterization ofcomposites using on-line recycled thermoplastic powder impregnation of fibresand in-situ filament winding, Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Hawaii at Manoa, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials,第11卷, 第533-572页, 1998年11月]或在拉挤成型法中。对于拉挤成型法,例如用粉末涂覆纤维丝(丝束预浸料(Towpregs))并首先作为所谓的丝束预浸料卷绕和贮存。在SAMPEJournal中的文章中描述了制造的可能性 [R.E. Allred, S. P. Wesson, D. A. Babow:powder impregnation studies for high temperature towpregs, AdherentTechnologies, SAMPE Journal, 第40卷, 第6期, 第40-48页, 2004年11/12月]。在进一步研究中,这样的丝束预浸料通过拉挤成型法压在一起并固化成材料部件[N.C.Parasnis, K. Ramani, H.M. Borgaonkar: Ribbonizing of electrostatic powderspray impregnated thermoplastic tows by pultrusion, School of MechanicalEngineering, Purdue University, Composites, Part A, Applied science andmanufacturing, 第27卷, 第567-574页, 1996]。尽管已用热固性体系制造丝束预浸料并随后在拉挤成型法中压制,但在这一方法中迄今大部分只使用热塑性体系。
贮存稳定的聚氨酯预浸料和由其制得的成型体由DE 102009001793和DE102009001806已知。DE 102009001793和DE 102009001806描述了用于制造贮存稳定的预浸料的方法,所述预浸料基本上由A)至少一种纤维状载体和B)作为基质材料的至少一种反应性粉末状聚氨酯组合物组成,所述聚氨酯组合物由至少一种聚氨酯组分和至少一种树脂组分组成。DE 102010029355提供了聚氨酯预浸料体系的熔体施加;DE 102010030233描述了弯弯曲曲的聚氨酯预浸料体系。DE 102010030234详细描述了含有溶剂的聚氨酯预浸料体系。DE 102010041239要求保护有色的聚氨酯预浸料体系。DE 102010041256又涉及在固定的膜上的聚氨酯预浸料体系,而DE 102010041243描述了纤维体积含量小于50%的聚氨酯预浸料体系。DE102011006163描述了使用液体树脂组分。
所有这些文献的共同之处在于其中描述的基质制剂由聚氨酯组分和树脂组分组成。
发明内容
目的是寻找更简单的用于制造基于聚氨酯组合物的便于操作的聚氨酯基预浸料体系的方法。本发明的另一目的在于寻找包含聚氨酯基质材料的预浸料,其可以通过简单的方法制得,其中应主要侧重于预浸料的操作和贮存能力。
为了制造该预浸料,如果未交联的基质材料的制剂的粘度低到足以确保在复合材料-部件的制造中润湿具有足够的纤维体积含量的纤维状载体的话,这将是有利的。
现在已经令人惊讶地发现,当仅使用一种反应性聚氨酯组分(其中Tg<40℃)而不使用树脂组分时,可以特别有利地实现在浸渍的反应性且贮存稳定的聚氨酯预浸料领域中的这些描述的应用。加工技术上的优点既表现在预浸料的制造中,就更容易的可加工性而言也表现在随后的压制以产生复合材料部件中。在随后压制以产生复合材料的过程中,该1K聚氨酯组合物导致层内的改善的状况,并因此导致优越的材料性质。此外,通过该基质材料在较高温度下的较低粘度,可以在较低压力下进行压制以产生复合材料部件,这令生产变得容易。
这提供了具有与DE102011006163中所述相同或甚至改进的加工性能的预浸料,其可用于制造用于建筑-、汽车-和航空-和航天-工业、能源技术(风力发电设备)领域中和造艇与造船中的大量不同应用的高性能复合材料。根据本发明可用的反应性聚氨酯组合物是环境友好的和廉价的,具有良好的机械性能,易于加工,其特征在于固化后良好的耐候性以及硬度和柔韧性之间的平衡比例。
本发明提供基本上由以下组分形成的预浸料:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,和
B)至少一种聚氨酯组合物,
其中该聚氨酯组合物具有小于40℃的Tg,包含基本内部封端和/或用封端剂封端的二-和/或多异氰酸酯和/或其加聚化合物。
根据DIN EN ISO 11357-1和DIN 53765测定玻璃化转变温度Tg和熔点。
在冷却至室温后,本发明的预浸料具有在室温下的非常高的贮存稳定性。根据所包含的反应性聚氨酯组合物和催化,该贮存稳定性为室温下至少几天,但该预浸料通常在40℃和更低温度下贮存稳定数周或甚至数月。由此制成的预浸料通常不粘并因此可以非常容易操作和进一步加工。根据本发明使用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物因此具有在纤维状载体上的非常好的粘附性和分布。
在进一步加工预浸料以获得复合材料(例如通过在提高的温度下压制)的过程中,极好地浸渍了该纤维状载体,这是由于在反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在提高的温度下的交联反应导致胶凝发生或整个聚氨酯基质完全固化之前,液体且低粘度的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在交联反应前极好润湿载体的纤维。
根据所用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的组成和任选添加的催化剂,可以在宽范围内改变在复合材料-部件制造中的交联反应的速率以及基质的性质。
基质材料在本发明中被定义为用于制造预浸料的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物,并且在预浸料的描述中被定义为通过本发明的方法施加到纤维上的仍反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物。
基质定义为在该复合材料中交联的由反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物形成的基质材料。
载体
在本发明中的纤维状载体由纤维材料(通常也称为增强纤维)组成。通常,纤维构成的每种材料都是合适的,但优选使用玻璃、碳、塑料,如聚酰胺(芳族聚酰胺)或聚酯、天然纤维或矿物纤维材料,如玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维(基于氧化铝和/或氧化硅的氧化物纤维)制成的纤维状材料。也可以使用纤维类型的混合物,例如芳族聚酰胺-和玻璃纤维、或碳-和玻璃纤维的织物组合。同样可以由不同的纤维状载体获得与预浸料的杂化-复合材料-部件。
主要由于它们相对低的价格,玻璃纤维是最常用的纤维类型。原则上,所有类型的玻璃基增强纤维在这里是合适的(E玻璃-、S玻璃-、R玻璃-、M玻璃-、C玻璃-、ECR玻璃-、D玻璃-、AR玻璃-或中空玻璃纤维)。通常,碳纤维用在高性能复合材料中,其中在同时的高强度下的与玻璃纤维相比的较低密度也是重要因素。碳纤维是由含碳原材料经工业制成的纤维,其通过热解转化成石墨类布置的碳。区分各向同性和各向异性类型:各向同性纤维仅具有低强度和较低的工业意义,各向异性纤维表现出高强度和刚度以及同时的低断裂伸长率。天然纤维在这里是指获自植物和动物材料的所有织物纤维和纤维材料(例如木材-、纤维素-、棉纤维-、大麻-、黄麻-、亚麻-、剑麻-、竹纤维)。类似于碳纤维,芳族聚酰胺纤维具有负的热膨胀系数,即在加热时变短。它们的比强度和它们的弹性模量明显低于碳纤维的。与基质树脂的正膨胀系数结合,可以制造具有高尺寸稳定性的部件。与碳纤维增强的塑料相比,芳族聚酰胺纤维-复合材料的抗压强度明显更低。芳族聚酰胺纤维的已知品牌是来自DuPont的Nomex®和Kevlar®,或来自Teijin的Teijinconex®、Twaron®和Technora®。特别合适和优选的载体是由玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维或陶瓷纤维制成的那些。该纤维状材料是片状纺织结构(textiles Flächengebilde)。合适的是由无纺布制成的片状纺织结构,以及所谓的针织物,如成圈针织物和拉圈针织物(钩编织物),以及非针织织物如编织物、铺设稀松布或编带(Geflechte)。此外,区分长纤维-和短纤维材料作为载体。根据本发明同样合适的是粗纱和纱线。在本发明中,所有提及的材料均适合作为纤维状载体。在“Composites Technologien, Paolo Ermanni (第4版), ETH Zürich 课堂讲义, 2007年8月, 第7章”中包含增强纤维的综述。
基质材料
合适的基质材料原则上是所有的、另外在室温下贮存稳定的反应性聚氨酯组合物。根据本发明,合适的聚氨酯组合物含有暂时失活(即内部封端的)和/或用封端剂封端的二-或多异氰酸酯。
根据本发明使用的二-和多异氰酸酯可以由任意的芳族、脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯组成。
合适的芳族二-或多异氰酸酯原则上是所有已知的芳族化合物。特别合适的是1,3-和1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、二甲基联苯二异氰酸酯(Toluidindiisocyanat)、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、2,4‘-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4‘-MDI)、4,4‘-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、单体二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和低聚二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(聚合物MDI)的混合物、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯和三异氰酸根合甲苯。
合适的脂族二-或多异氰酸酯有利地在直链或支化的亚烷基中具有3至16个碳原子,优选4至12个碳原子,合适的脂环族或(环)脂族二异氰酸酯有利地在亚环烷基中具有4至18个碳原子,优选6至15个碳原子。
本领域技术人员将(环)脂族二异氰酸酯充分理解为是指同时环状和脂族键合的NCO基团,如异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的情况那样。与此相反,脂环族二异氰酸酯被理解为是指只有直接键合到脂环族环上的NCO基团的那些,例如H12MDI。
合适的脂族二或多异氰酸酯是环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯、乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基二乙基环己烷二异氰酸酯、丙烷二异氰酸酯、丁烷二异氰酸酯、戊烷二异氰酸酯、己烷二异氰酸酯、庚烷二异氰酸酯、辛烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷二异氰酸酯、壬烷三异氰酸酯,如4-异氰酸根合甲基-1,8-辛烷二异氰酸酯(TIN)、癸烷二-和三异氰酸酯、十一烷二-和三异氰酸酯、十二烷二-和三异氰酸酯。同样合适的是4-甲基环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、2-丁基-2-乙基五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、3(4)-异氰酸根合甲基-1-甲基环己基异氰酸酯、2-异氰酸根合丙基环己基异氰酸酯、2,4‘-亚甲基双(环己基)二异氰酸酯和1,4-二异氰酸根合-4-甲基戊烷。
当然,也可以使用这些二-和多异氰酸酯的混合物。
此外,优选使用可由所述二-或多异氰酸酯或其混合物通过用氨基甲酸酯-、脲基甲酸酯-、脲-、缩二脲-、脲二酮-、酰胺-、异氰脲酸酯-、碳二亚胺-、脲酮亚胺-、噁二嗪三酮-或亚氨代噁二嗪二酮结构连接制备的低聚-或聚合异氰酸酯。异氰脲酸酯,特别获自IPDI和/或HDI的那些特别合适。
根据本发明使用的多异氰酸酯是封端的。
在这种情况下,这是根据本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物。
可考虑的是外部封端剂,例如乙酰乙酸乙酯、二异丙胺、甲基乙基酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、ε-己内酰胺、1,2,4-三唑、(苯)酚或取代的(苯)酚和3,5-二甲基吡唑。
优选使用的多异氰酸酯是含有异氰脲酸酯基团和ε-己内酰胺封端的异氰酸酯结构的IPDI加合物。
内部封端也可行并优选使用。通过经由脲二酮结构形成二聚体,实现内部封端,所述二聚体在升高的温度下再裂解回原始存在的异氰酸酯结构并因此开始与粘合剂交联。
任选地,该反应性聚氨酯组合物可含有附加催化剂。该催化剂是0.001重量%-1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTL)、辛酸锡、新癸酸铋、或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。这些根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在标准条件下,例如通过DBTL催化,在160℃以上的温度下,通常在大约180℃以上的温度下固化。
为了制造所述反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05重量%至5重量%的总量添加粉末漆技术中惯用的添加剂,如流平剂,例如聚硅酮或丙烯酸酯,光稳定剂,例如位阻胺,或如EP669 353中所述的其它助剂。可以以整个组合物的最多50重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛或染料。
在本发明中的“反应性”(变体I)是指根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物如上所述在160℃以上的温度(更确切地说取决于载体的性质)下固化。
根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在标准条件下,例如通过DBTL催化,在160℃以上的温度下,通常在大约180℃以上的温度下固化。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物固化所花费的时间通常在5至60分钟内。
优选地,在本发明中,使用具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物B),其包含含有脲二酮基团的高反应性加聚化合物a)。
优选地,在本发明中,使用具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物B),其基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,其基于含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚反应,其中该加聚化合物具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3重量%-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
c)任选的至少一种催化剂,
d)任选的从聚氨酯化学中已知的辅助剂和添加剂。
含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯是公知的并例如描述在US 4,476,054、US 4,912,210、US 4,929,724和EP 417 603中。J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185-200给出了异氰酸酯二聚成脲二酮的工业相关方法的全面综述。通常,在可溶二聚催化剂如二烷基氨基吡啶、三烷基膦、亚磷酸三酰胺或咪唑的存在下将异氰酸酯转化成脲二酮。在达到所需转化率时通过添加催化剂毒物停止任选在溶剂中,但优选在不存在溶剂的情况下进行的该反应。然后通过短程蒸发分离出过量的单体异氰酸酯。如果该催化剂挥发性足够高,可以在单体分离过程中从反应混合物中除去催化剂。在这种情况下可省略催化剂毒物的添加。多种异氰酸酯原则上适合于制造含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯。可以使用上述二-和多异氰酸酯。但是,来自任意脂族、脂环族和/或(环)脂族二-和/或多异氰酸酯的二-和多异氰酸酯是优选的。
优选单独或混合地使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、单独或以异构体混合物形式的4,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和2,2’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其混合物(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)来制备该脲二酮。
非常特别优选单独或混合地使用IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用IPDI和/或4,4'-H12MDI和/或HDI和/或来自2,2,4-TMDI与2,4,4-TMDI的混合物。
非常特别优选使用IPDI的和/或HDI的脲二酮。
还可以使用任意脲二酮的混合物。
这些含有脲二酮基团的多异氰酸酯产生含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物的反应包括游离NCO基团与作为增链剂的含羟基的单体或聚合物,例如聚酯、聚硫醚、聚醚、聚己内酰胺、聚/多环氧化物、聚酯酰胺、聚氨酯或低分子量二-、三-和/或四元醇和任选的作为链终止剂的单胺和/或一元醇的反应,并已屡次得到描述(EP 669 353、EP 669 354、DE 30 30572、EP 639 598或EP 803 524)。
优选的具有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3重量%至25重量%、优选6重量%至18重量%的脲二酮基团含量(作为C2N2O2(分子量84)计算)。聚酯和单体二或多元醇是优选的。除脲二酮基团外,该聚氨酯组合物还可以具有异氰脲酸酯-、缩二脲-、脲基甲酸酯-、氨基甲酸酯-和/或脲结构。
优选地,在形成含有脲二酮的加聚化合物的反应中,选择潜在的和游离的NCO基团的总和与对异氰酸酯为反应性的共反应物(例如多元醇)的比,以使得NCO(游离+潜在)/OH= 1.8:1至1:1.8,更优选1.2:1至1:1.2。
在这一步骤中,仅转化游离NCO基团,不转化潜在的NCO基团。为此,反应温度不得超过120℃;优选不得超过80℃的温度。
可以在合适的设备中制备含有脲二酮的加聚化合物a),例如可加热的搅拌釜、捏合机或挤出机。在这里还可以使用如b)所述的常规PUR催化剂(见下文)和/或非质子溶剂。这些的实例包括:酮(丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮)、醚(四氢呋喃)、酯(乙酸正丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、碳酸1,2-亚丙酯、丙二醇-甲醚-乙酸酯)。
任选地,在本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物B)中可以包含附加催化剂b)。该催化剂是0.001重量%-1重量%的量的有机金属催化剂,例如二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋或叔胺,例如1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。在浸渍纤维后,这些根据本发明使用的反应性聚氨酯组合物在正常情况下,例如通过DBTL催化,在160℃以上的温度下,通常在大约180℃以上温度下固化,并被称作变体I。
为了制备本发明的反应性聚氨酯组合物,可以以0.05重量%至5重量%的总量添加漆-、粘合剂-和密封剂技术中惯用的添加剂c),如流平剂,例如聚硅酮或丙烯酸酯,光稳定剂,例如位阻胺,或如EP 669 353中描述的其它助剂。可以以整个组合物的最多30重量%的量添加填料和颜料,例如二氧化钛。
根据本发明使用的反应性1K聚氨酯组合物提供极好的流平,并因此提供在纤维上良好的浸渍能力和在固化状态下优异的耐化学品性。当使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,附加地还实现良好的耐候性。
在本发明中特别优选使用1K聚氨酯组合物B),其由以下成分制成:
B)至少一种含有脲二酮基团并具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物,该聚氨酯组合物基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,
和
b)任选的至少一种PUR催化剂,
c)任选的由聚氨酯化学已知的辅助剂和添加剂,
d)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种选自含有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐根或有机或无机酸阴离子作为反荷离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,
和
e)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自:
e1)至少一种环氧化物
和/或
e2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
非常特别优选使用1K聚氨酯组合物B),其由以下成分制成:
B)至少一种含有脲二酮基团并具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物,该聚氨酯组合物基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,其基于含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该加聚化合物具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3重量%-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
和
b)任选的至少一种PUR催化剂,
c)任选的由聚氨酯化学已知的辅助剂和添加剂,
d)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种选自含有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐根或有机或无机酸阴离子作为反荷离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,
和
e)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自:
e1)至少一种环氧化物
和/或
e2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
这些根据本发明使用的高反应性聚氨酯组合物在优选100至160℃的温度下固化,并被称为变体II。
d)和e)下的特定催化剂确保含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物在低温下固化。含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物由此是高反应性的。
使用的含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物a)是上述那些。
如上所述使用组分b)和c)。
使用的在d)下的催化剂是含有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐根或有机或无机酸阴离子作为反荷离子的季铵盐,优选四烷基铵盐和/或季鏻盐。这些的实例是:四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵、和四丁基苯甲酸铵、和四丁基乙酸鏻、四丁基甲酸鏻、和乙基三苯基乙酸鏻、四丁基鏻苯并三唑盐、四苯基鏻苯酚盐和三己基十四烷基癸酸鏻、甲基三丁基-氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基-氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基-甲醇铵、四-十八烷基甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基-乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基-乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基乙醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基-乙醇铵、四-十八烷基乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基-苄醇铵、甲基三乙基苄醇铵、四甲基苄醇铵、四乙基苄醇铵、四丙基苄醇铵、四丁基苄醇铵、四戊基苄醇铵、四己基苄醇铵、四辛基-苄醇铵、四癸基苄醇铵、十四烷基三己基苄醇铵、四-十八烷基苄醇铵、苄基三甲基苄醇铵、苄基三乙基苄醇铵、三甲基苯基苄醇铵、三乙基甲基-苄醇铵、三甲基乙烯基苄醇铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化鏻、四丁基氟化鏻、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基-碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基-氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基-溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基-溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基-碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基-三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基-氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基-氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵。这些催化剂可以单独或以任意混合物的形式添加。优选使用四乙基苯甲酸铵和/或四丁基氢氧化铵。
催化剂d)的含量可以为整个聚氨酯组合物制剂的0.1重量%至5重量%,优选0.3重量%至2重量%。
本发明的一种变体包括将此类催化剂d)连接到加聚化合物a)的官能团上。此外,这些催化剂可以被惰性壳包围并因此被封装。
所用的助催化剂e1)是环氧化物。可考虑的实例包括缩水甘油醚、缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚和/或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。此类环氧化物的实例是异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC,商品名Araldit 810, Huntsman)、来自对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三酸三缩水甘油酯的混合物(商品名Araldit PT 910和912, Huntsman)、Versatic酸的缩水甘油酯(商品名Kardura E10, Shell)、3’,4’-环氧环己烷甲酸3,4-环氧环己基甲基酯(ECC)、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(商品名EPIKOTE 828, Shell)、乙基己基缩水甘油醚、丁基缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇四缩水甘油醚(商品名Polypox R 16, UPPC AG)和具有游离环氧基的其它Polypox类型。也可以使用混合物。优选使用来自对苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯和偏苯三酸三缩水甘油酯的混合物(ARALDIT PT 910和/或912)。
可用的助催化剂e2)包括金属乙酰丙酮化物。其实例是单独或混合的乙酰丙酮化锌、乙酰丙酮化锂和乙酰丙酮化锡。优选使用乙酰丙酮化锌。
可考虑的助催化剂e2)还是季铵乙酰丙酮化物或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
此类催化剂的实例是四甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丁基乙酰丙酮化鏻、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻。特别优选使用四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵和/或四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵。当然,也可以使用此类催化剂的混合物。
助催化剂e1)和/或e2)的含量可以为整个基质材料制剂的0.1重量%至5重量%,优选0.3重量%至2重量%。
在本发明中,“高反应性”(变体II)是指根据本发明使用的含有脲二酮基团的聚氨酯组合物B)在100至220℃的温度(更确切地说根据载体性质)下固化。这种固化温度优选为120至180℃,更优选130至140℃。根据本发明使用的聚氨酯组合物固化所花费的时间通常在1至60分钟内。借助根据本发明使用的高反应性且由此在低温下固化的1K聚氨酯组合物B)在100至160℃的固化温度下,不仅可以节约能量和固化时间,还可以使用许多对温度敏感的载体。
根据本发明使用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物提供极好的流平,并因此提供良好的浸渍能力和在固化状态下优异的耐化学品性。当使用脂族交联剂(例如IPDI或H12MDI)时,附加地还实现良好的耐候性。
根据本发明制成的预浸料以及复合材料-部件具有大于10%,优选50%-70%,更优选50%至65%的纤维体积含量。
该聚氨酯组合物B)可以是液体、具有高粘度、或固体的。通常,该1K聚氨酯组合物具有至少30℃,但最多39℃的Tg或熔点。
根据本发明使用的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物在反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下通常在高于160℃时才反应,或在高反应性聚氨酯组合物的情况下在高于100℃时反应,以产生交联的聚氨酯,并由此形成该复合材料的基质。这意味着本发明的预浸料在其制成后由载体和施加的反应性聚氨酯组合物(其以非交联但反应性形式存在)形成。
该预浸料由此是贮存稳定的,通常数天和甚至数周和数月,并由此可以随时进一步加工以产生复合材料。这是与上文已描述的双组分体系的本质区别,后者是反应性的,并且不是贮存稳定的,因为它们在施加后立即开始反应和交联以产生聚氨酯。
本发明还提供了通过如下方式制造预浸料的方法,所述预浸料基本上由以下成分形成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)至少一种具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物;
I. 制备该聚氨酯组合物B),
和
II. 用任选溶解在溶剂中的聚氨酯组合物B)浸渍该纤维状载体A),
III. 并任选除去该溶剂。
制造预浸料的方法的原理在于,反应性聚氨酯组合物B)首先由其各组分任选在合适的共同的溶剂中制造。随后将反应性聚氨酯组合物B)和任选溶剂的这种组合施加到纤维状载体A)上,优选在制成反应性聚氨酯组合物B)后直接施加,其中浸泡/浸渍该纤维状载体。随后任选地除去任选溶剂。优选地,该溶剂在低温下、优选在< 160℃下、更优选在< 100℃下通过例如热处理或施加真空来完全除去该溶剂。
然后,该耐贮存的预浸料可以进一步加工以便随后产生复合材料。通过本发明的方法,实现纤维状载体的极好浸渍。
为了制造该预浸料,可以在合适的设备中制造该聚氨酯组合物B),例如可加热的搅拌釜、捏合机或挤出机,其中不应超过100℃的温度上限。
用于本发明的方法的合适溶剂可以是这样的所有非质子液体,其对所述反应性聚氨酯组合物不具有反应性,就反应性聚氨酯组合物的所用的各组分而言具有足够的溶解能力,并可以在去除溶剂的工艺步骤过程中从浸渍有该反应性聚氨酯组合物的预浸料中去除至微不足道的痕量(<1重量%);其中有利的是将分离出的溶剂再循环。
这些的实例包括:酮(丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮)、醚(四氢呋喃)、酯(乙酸正丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、碳酸1,2-亚丙酯、丙二醇-甲醚-乙酸酯)。
任选用溶剂通过该浸渍法制造预浸料原则上可根据本发明通过任意方法并借助已知设备和装置来进行。
溶液浸渍尤其用于制造环氧复合材料[“Composites Technologien, PaoloErmanni (第4版), ETH Zürich课堂讲义, 2007年8月, 第4.2.2章”]。但是,其中并未提及溶液中的反应性聚氨酯组合物。
或者,也可以在直接熔体法中无溶剂地浸渍该纤维。
本发明提供通过如下方式制造预浸料的直接熔体浸渍法,所述预浸料基本上由以下成分形成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物;
I. 在熔体中制备该聚氨酯组合物B),
和
II. 用来自B)的熔体直接浸渍该纤维状载体A)。
预浸料的直接熔体浸渍法的原理在于,反应性聚氨酯组合物B)首先由其各组分制造。随后将反应性聚氨酯组合物B)的这种熔体直接施加到纤维状载体A)上,这意味着用来自B)的熔体浸渍该纤维状载体A)。随后,冷却的耐贮存的预浸料可以进一步加工以便随后产生复合材料。借助本发明的直接熔体浸渍法,可以极好地浸渍该纤维状载体,这是由于在此为流体并具有低粘度的反应性聚氨酯组合物极好地润湿载体的纤维,其中可以通过事前的熔体均化来避免聚氨酯组合物的热负荷(这会导致交联反应的开始);此外,免除将研磨并筛分至各粒度级分的工艺步骤,以实现经浸渍的纤维状载体的更高产率。
根据需要,可以将预浸料合并和按尺寸切割以产生不同的形状。
为了使预浸料固结(Konsolidierung)以产生一个复合材料并使基质材料交联成该基质,将预浸料按尺寸切割,任选缝合或以某些其它方式固定,并在合适的模具中在压力下和任选在施加真空的情况下压制。在本发明中,根据固化时间,在使用反应性基质材料时(变体I)在高于大约160℃的温度下,或在带有相应催化剂的高反应性基质材料的情况下(变体II)在高于100℃的温度下进行由该预浸料制造复合材料的操作。
本发明还提供了预浸料的用途,该预浸料尤其是具有由玻璃-、碳-或芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的纤维状载体。
本发明还提供了本发明的预浸料用于制造造艇和造船中、航空-和航天技术中、汽车制造中、用于两轮车辆,优选摩托车和自行车、在汽车、运输、建筑、医药技术、运动、电气-和电子工业、发电设备的领域中,例如用于风力发电设备中的转子叶片的复合材料的用途。
本发明还提供了通过本发明的方法制得的预浸料。
本发明还提供了由本发明的预浸料制造的复合材料-部件。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例阐述本发明。
实施例
在实施例中使用以下玻璃纤维-铺设稀松布/织物:
玻璃长丝织物,296 g/m² - Atlas, Finish FK 144 (Interglas 92626)
A)制造常规固化剂和反应性聚氨酯组合物(两阶段,非本发明):
将119.1克IPDI脲二酮(Evonik Industries, NCO值(总数:游离+潜在) = 37.8)溶解在100毫升乙酸丁酯中,并加入27.5克甲基戊二醇和3.5克三羟甲基丙烷。在添加0.01克二月桂酸二丁基锡之后,在搅拌下加热至80℃ 4小时(NCO总数/OH = 1.96:1)。随后,通过滴定法无法再检测到游离NCO基团。该固化剂具有12.8重量%的有效NCO潜在含量(基于固体)。在第二阶段中向该固化剂中加入42克树脂组分(Polyol 4640,OH值:630,Perstorp)。在旋转蒸发仪上除去溶剂后,测定该混合物的TG为45℃。
B)制造高反应性组合物(一阶段,本发明):
将119.1克IPDI脲二酮(Evonik Industries)溶解在100毫升乙酸丁酯中,并加入27.5克甲基戊二醇、3.5克三羟甲基丙烷和42克Polyol 4640(Perstorp ,OH值:630毫克KOH/克)。在添加0.01克二月桂酸二丁基锡之后,在搅拌下加热至80℃ 4小时(NCO总数/OH =1.05:1)。随后,通过滴定法无法再检测到游离NCO基团。该组合物具有11.0重量%的有效NCO潜在含量(基于固体)。在旋转蒸发仪上除去溶剂后,测定该混合物的TG为38℃。
具有下列配方的聚氨酯组合物用于制造该预浸料和该复合材料。
表1
实施例1 * | 实施例2 | 实施例3 * | 实施例4 | |
两阶段混合(A) | 76.0重量% | 68.6重量% | ||
一阶段混合(B) | 76.0重量% | 68.6重量% | ||
乙酸丁酯(溶剂) | 23.8重量% | 23.8重量% | 29.0重量% | 29.0重量% |
苯偶姻(脱气剂, Aldrich) | 0.2重量% | 0.2重量% | 0.2重量% | 0.2重量% |
四乙基苯甲酸铵 (催化剂, Evonik Industries) | 0.5重量% | 0.5重量% | ||
Araldit PT 912 (环氧化物, Huntsman) | 1.5重量% | 1.5重量% | ||
草酸(酸, Aldrich) | 0.2重量% | 0.2重量% | ||
总计 | 100重量% | 100重量% | 100重量% | 100重量% |
分离出溶剂后的熔体粘度, 在140℃下 | 17 Pas | 12 Pas | 12 Pas | 7 Pas |
*根据DE102011006163的非本发明的对比试验。
显而易见的是本发明的组合物的较低熔体粘度,并因此更简单和更快速地浸渍纤维。
将来自该表的原料在预混合器中密切混合,随后溶解在所给出的溶剂中。
为了制造预浸料,用该基质材料的溶液浸渍玻璃纤维织物。在施加真空的情况下,该预浸料在烘箱中在50至70℃的温度下干燥至恒定重量。
除去溶剂后,所有预浸料均产生封闭的表面而不形成气泡。该预浸料可以良好地进一步加工。
DSC测量
采用Mettler Toledo DSC 821e根据DIN 53765进行DSC分析(玻璃化转变温度测定)。
来自实施例1-4的预浸料的DSC分析给出以下结果:
表2:DSC分析
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
Tg (第2次加热), ℃ | 97 | 116 | 121 | 124 |
在第二次加热时测得的玻璃化转变温度是充分反应/交联的基质材料的玻璃化转变温度。
复合材料-部件的制造
在复合材料压机上通过本领域技术人员已知的压制技术制造复合材料-部件。将通过直接浸渍制成的均匀预浸料在台式压机上压制以阐述复合材料。这种台式压机是来自Schwabenthan公司的Polystat 200 T,用其在120至200℃的温度下将预浸料压制成相应的复合材料-板材。压力为常压至450巴不等。
在实施例1和2中,将压机温度设定为150℃并在压制过程中提高至180℃;在3分钟的短暂熔融阶段后将压力提高至5巴并保持直至在最多30分钟后从压机中取出复合材料-部件。分析硬质、刚性、耐化学品和冲击韧性的复合材料-部件(板材)的固化程度(经由DSC测定)。在所用聚氨酯组合物的情况下,交联在大约20分钟后完成,其中此时也不再可检出该交联反应的反应焓。
在实施例3和4中(催化的变体),将压机温度设定为150℃并在压制过程中提高至180℃;在3分钟的短暂熔融阶段后将压力提高至5巴并保持直至在最多10分钟后从压机中取出复合材料-部件。分析硬质、刚性、耐化学品和冲击的复合材料-部件(板材)的固化程度(经由DSC测定)。在所用聚氨酯组合物的情况下,交联在大约20分钟后完成,其中此时也不再可检出该交联反应的反应焓。
本发明的组合物具有较低的熔体粘度,并且此外至少与传统制剂同样好地适合于制造复合材料。Tg和因此的加热尺寸稳定性至少同样好,倾向于略微更高。由于在一阶段中制备组合物,免除附加的混合步骤,并降低对不正确的化学计量的误差敏感性。
Claims (20)
1.预浸料,其基本上由以下组分形成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)至少一种聚氨酯组合物,
其中该聚氨酯组合物具有小于40℃的Tg,包含基本内部封端和/或用封端剂封端的二-和/或多异氰酸酯和/或其加聚化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的预浸料,其特征在于包含由玻璃、碳、塑料如聚酰胺(芳族聚酰胺)或聚酯、天然纤维、或矿物纤维材料如玄武岩纤维或陶瓷纤维制成的纤维状材料。
3.如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所包含的纤维状载体是由无纺布制成的片状纺织结构,针织物,包括成圈针织物和拉圈针织物,非针织织物如编织物、铺设稀松布或编带,以及长纤维材料和短纤维材料。
4.如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于单独或混合地使用选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、单独或以异构体混合物形式的4,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和2,2’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其混合物(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)的二-或多异氰酸酯。
5.如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于使用选自乙酰乙酸乙酯、二异丙胺、甲基乙基酮肟、丙二酸二乙酯、ε-己内酰胺、1,2,4-三唑、酚或取代的酚和/或3,5-二甲基吡唑的外部封端剂。
6.如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所述聚氨酯组合物B)以0.001重量%-1重量%的量包含附加的催化剂,优选二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸锌、新癸酸铋和/或叔胺,优选1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
7.如权利要求1至3的至少一项所述的预浸料,其包含至少一种含有脲二酮基团并具有<40℃的Tg的聚氨酯组合物B),所述聚氨酯组合物基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,其基于含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚反应,其中该加聚化合物具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3重量%-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
c)任选的至少一种催化剂,
d)任选的从聚氨酯化学中已知的辅助剂和添加剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的预浸料,其特征在于单独或混合地使用选自异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、单独或以异构体混合物形式的4,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷、2,4’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷和2,2’-二异氰酸根合二环己基甲烷(H12MDI)、2-甲基戊烷二异氰酸酯(MPDI)、2,2,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯及其混合物(TMDI)、降冰片烷二异氰酸酯(NBDI)的二-或多异氰酸酯来制备所述脲二酮。
9.如权利要求8所述的预浸料,其特征在于单独或混合地使用选自IPDI、HDI、TMDI和H12MDI的二-或多异氰酸酯来制备所述脲二酮。
10.如权利要求7至9的至少一项所述的预浸料,其包含:
B)至少一种含有脲二酮基团并具有< 40℃的Tg 的聚氨酯组合物,该聚氨酯组合物基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,
和
b)任选的至少一种PUR催化剂,
c)任选的由聚氨酯化学已知的辅助剂和添加剂,
d)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种选自含有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐根或有机或无机酸阴离子作为反荷离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,
和
e)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自:
e1)至少一种环氧化物
和/或
e2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
11.如权利要求7至10的至少一项所述的预浸料,其包含:
B)至少一种含有脲二酮基团并具有 < 40℃的Tg的聚氨酯组合物,该聚氨酯组合物基本上包含:
a)至少一种含有脲二酮基团的加聚化合物,其基于含有脲二酮基团的脂族、(环)脂族或脂环族多异氰酸酯和含羟基的化合物的加聚化合物,其中该加聚化合物具有小于5重量%的游离NCO含量和3重量%-25重量%的脲二酮含量,
和
b)任选的至少一种PUR催化剂,
c)任选的由聚氨酯化学已知的辅助剂和添加剂,
d)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种选自含有卤素、氢氧根、醇盐根或有机或无机酸阴离子作为反荷离子的季铵盐和/或季鏻盐的催化剂,
和
e)0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种助催化剂,其选自:
e1)至少一种环氧化物
和/或
e2)至少一种金属乙酰丙酮化物和/或季铵乙酰丙酮化物和/或季鏻乙酰丙酮化物。
12.如前述权利要求7至11的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所包含的在d)下的催化剂是四甲基甲酸铵、四甲基乙酸铵、四甲基丙酸铵、四甲基丁酸铵、四甲基苯甲酸铵、四乙基甲酸铵、四乙基乙酸铵、四乙基丙酸铵、四乙基丁酸铵、四乙基苯甲酸铵、四丙基甲酸铵、四丙基乙酸铵、四丙基丙酸铵、四丙基丁酸铵、四丙基苯甲酸铵、四丁基甲酸铵、四丁基乙酸铵、四丁基丙酸铵、四丁基丁酸铵和四丁基苯甲酸铵,和四丁基乙酸鏻、四丁基甲酸鏻和乙基三苯基乙酸鏻、四丁基鏻苯并三唑盐、四苯基鏻苯酚盐和三己基十四烷基癸酸鏻、甲基三丁基-氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基-氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、甲基三丁基甲醇铵、甲基三乙基甲醇铵、四甲基甲醇铵、四乙基甲醇铵、四丙基甲醇铵、四丁基甲醇铵、四戊基甲醇铵、四己基甲醇铵、四辛基甲醇铵、四癸基甲醇铵、十四烷基三己基-甲醇铵、四-十八烷基甲醇铵、苄基三甲基甲醇铵、苄基三乙基甲醇铵、三甲基苯基甲醇铵、三乙基甲基甲醇铵、三甲基乙烯基甲醇铵、甲基三丁基-乙醇铵、甲基三乙基乙醇铵、四甲基乙醇铵、四乙基乙醇铵、四丙基乙醇铵、四丁基-乙醇铵、四戊基乙醇铵、四己基乙醇铵、四辛基乙醇铵、四癸基乙醇铵、十四烷基三己基-乙醇铵、四-十八烷基乙醇铵、苄基三甲基乙醇铵、苄基三乙基乙醇铵、三甲基苯基乙醇铵、三乙基甲基乙醇铵、三甲基乙烯基乙醇铵、甲基三丁基-苄醇铵、甲基三乙基苄醇铵、四甲基苄醇铵、四乙基苄醇铵、四丙基苄醇铵、四丁基苄醇铵、四戊基苄醇铵、四己基苄醇铵、四辛基-苄醇铵、四癸基苄醇铵、十四烷基三己基苄醇铵、四-十八烷基苄醇铵、苄基三甲基苄醇铵、苄基三乙基苄醇铵、三甲基苯基苄醇铵、三乙基甲基-苄醇铵、三甲基乙烯基苄醇铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵、苄基三甲基氟化铵、四丁基氢氧化鏻、四丁基氟化鏻、四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四丁基碘化铵、四乙基氯化铵、四乙基溴化铵、四乙基碘化铵、四甲基氯化铵、四甲基溴化铵、四甲基-碘化铵、苄基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵、苄基三丙基氯化铵、苄基三丁基氯化铵、甲基三丁基-氯化铵、甲基三丙基氯化铵、甲基三乙基氯化铵、甲基三苯基氯化铵、苯基三甲基氯化铵、苄基三甲基-溴化铵、苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丁基溴化铵、甲基三丙基-溴化铵、甲基三乙基溴化铵、甲基三苯基溴化铵、苯基三甲基溴化铵、苄基三甲基碘化铵、苄基三乙基-碘化铵、苄基三丙基碘化铵、苄基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丁基碘化铵、甲基三丙基碘化铵、甲基三乙基碘化铵、甲基三苯基碘化铵和苯基三甲基碘化铵、甲基-三丁基氢氧化铵、甲基三乙基氢氧化铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵、四丙基氢氧化铵、四丁基-氢氧化铵、四戊基氢氧化铵、四己基氢氧化铵、四辛基氢氧化铵、四癸基氢氧化铵、十四烷基三己基氢氧化铵、四-十八烷基氢氧化铵、苄基三甲基氢氧化铵、苄基三乙基氢氧化铵、三甲基苯基氢氧化铵、三乙基甲基-氢氧化铵、三甲基乙烯基氢氧化铵、四甲基氟化铵、四乙基氟化铵、四丁基氟化铵、四辛基氟化铵和苄基三甲基氟化铵,它们以单独或任意混合物的形式,优选是四乙基苯甲酸铵和/或四丁基氢氧化铵。
13.如前述权利要求7至12的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所包含的助催化剂e1)是缩水甘油醚、缩水甘油酯、脂族环氧化物、基于双酚A的二缩水甘油醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,它们以单独或任意混合物的形式。
14.如前述权利要求7至13的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所包含的助催化剂e2)是乙酰丙酮化锌、乙酰丙酮化锂和乙酰丙酮化锡,它们以单独或任意混合物的形式,优选是乙酰丙酮化锌。
15.如前述权利要求7至14的至少一项所述的预浸料,其特征在于所包含的助催化剂e2)是四甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化铵、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化铵、四甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丙基乙酰丙酮化鏻、四丁基乙酰丙酮化鏻、苄基三甲基乙酰丙酮化鏻、苄基三乙基乙酰丙酮化鏻,它们以单独或任意混合物的形式,优选是四乙基乙酰丙酮化铵和/或四丁基乙酰丙酮化铵。
16.通过I和II、III制造如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料的方法,所述预浸料基本上由以下组分形成:
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)至少一种具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物;
I. 制备该聚氨酯组合物B),
II. 用任选溶解在溶剂中的聚氨酯组合物B)浸渍该纤维状载体A),
III. 并任选除去该溶剂。
17.通过I 和II制造如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料的直接熔体浸渍法,所述预浸料基本上由以下组分形成
A)至少一种纤维状载体,
和
B)作为基质材料的至少一种具有Tg < 40℃的聚氨酯组合物;
I. 在熔体中制备该聚氨酯组合物B),
II. 用来自B)的熔体直接浸渍该纤维状载体A)。
18.如前述权利要求的至少一项所述的预浸料的用途,该预浸料尤其包含由玻璃纤维、碳纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维制成的纤维状载体。
19.如权利要求18所述的预浸料的用途,其用于制造在造艇和造船中、航空和航天技术中、汽车制造中、用于两轮车辆,优选摩托车和自行车、在汽车、运输、建筑、医药技术、运动、电气和电子工业、发电设备的领域中,如用于风力发电设备中的转子叶片的复合材料。
20.由如权利要求1至19的至少一项所述的预浸料制造的复合材料-部件。
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EP16201842.8 | 2016-12-02 | ||
EP16201842.8A EP3330311B1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | Lagerstabile 1k-polyurethan-prepregs und daraus hergestellte formkörper aus polyurethanzusammensetzung |
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US (1) | US10626236B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3330311B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2018090804A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102464420B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN108148394B (zh) |
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ES (1) | ES2880621T3 (zh) |
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-
2016
- 2016-12-02 ES ES16201842T patent/ES2880621T3/es active Active
- 2016-12-02 EP EP16201842.8A patent/EP3330311B1/de active Active
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2017
- 2017-11-17 US US15/816,354 patent/US10626236B2/en active Active
- 2017-11-29 TW TW106141593A patent/TW201833199A/zh unknown
- 2017-11-29 CA CA2986994A patent/CA2986994A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN112776312A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-11 | 江苏华曼复合材料科技有限公司 | 汽车防撞梁及其制造方法 |
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ES2880621T8 (es) | 2022-01-31 |
EP3330311A1 (de) | 2018-06-06 |
JP2018090804A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
KR20180063836A (ko) | 2018-06-12 |
KR102464420B1 (ko) | 2022-11-07 |
US10626236B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
CN108148394B (zh) | 2021-12-28 |
TW201833199A (zh) | 2018-09-16 |
EP3330311B1 (de) | 2021-05-05 |
ES2880621T3 (es) | 2021-11-25 |
CA2986994A1 (en) | 2018-06-02 |
US20180155515A1 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
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