CN108137481A - 醚胺化合物及其用作浮选剂的用途 - Google Patents

醚胺化合物及其用作浮选剂的用途 Download PDF

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CN108137481A
CN108137481A CN201680052404.2A CN201680052404A CN108137481A CN 108137481 A CN108137481 A CN 108137481A CN 201680052404 A CN201680052404 A CN 201680052404A CN 108137481 A CN108137481 A CN 108137481A
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J-P.吉莱
E.约尔达
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Arkema France SA
Arkema SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及式(I)化合物:其中:‑基团R1和R2,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地表示包含1至15个碳原子,优选1至10个碳原子的直链、支链或环状的,饱和或不饱和的烃基团;‑基团R3和R4,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子、甲基和乙基;‑基团R5,R6和R7,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子和包含1至6个碳原子,优选1至4个碳原子,更优选1至3个碳原子的烷基;‑n是0到20的整数;‑m是1到6的整数。

Description

醚胺化合物及其用作浮选剂的用途
本发明涉及醚胺的一般领域。醚胺族代表了具有广泛性质的独特化学产品种类。事实上,它们可以特别地用作为润滑剂,阳离子表面活性剂,用于矿石的浮选捕收剂或作为腐蚀抑制剂。因此,它们构成了对于许多方面而言具有重要工业重要性的一类材料。乙胺的市场在过去几十年期间已经得到巨大发展。
醚胺通常通过首先使醇与腈化合物(通常为丙烯腈)在碱性催化剂存在下反应来合成。然后进行所得产物的氢化步骤以分离目标醚胺。
因此,专利US5196589描述了一种制备醚胺的方法,首先使醇与丙烯腈在碱性催化剂存在下反应。然后进行氢化步骤以获得所需的醚胺。该方法的具体特征在于,醇,即包含6至36个碳原子的化合物,以稳定的自由基化合物存在,因此尤其允许显著降低不需要的副产品的产生。
专利EP1219597就其本身而言公开了一种制备醚胺的方法,其包括在碱金属氢氧化物存在下使伯醇或仲醇与丙烯腈反应的第一步骤,然后使获得的产品氢化的第二步。伯醇或仲醇是包含6至24个碳原子数的化合物。
然而,当环境的挑战确实变得很高时,这些文献都没有一个指出使用具有优良的生态毒理学特征的任何生物来源的或可生物降解的试剂。
另外,已知的是,特定的醚胺,特别是市售产品Tomamine® PA-14和Tomamine®DA-14被用于在矿石浮选期间选择性除去硅酸盐。
因此提供从至少一种生物来源的和可生物降解的试剂获得的醚胺将是有利的。在矿石浮选期间使用这种醚胺引起比商业醚胺更有选择性地去除硅酸盐也是有利的。
本发明的主题是式(I)化合物:
其中:
-基团R1和R2,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地表示包含1至15个碳原子,优选1至10个碳原子的直链、支链或环状的,饱和或不饱和的烃基团;
-基团R3和R4,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子、甲基和乙基;
-基团R5,R6和R7,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子和包含1至6个碳原子,优选1至4个碳原子,更优选1至3个碳原子的烷基;
-n是0到20的整数;
-m是1到6的整数。
根据一个优选的实施方案,当R1是己基时,R2是甲基,n等于0,R5,R6和R7表示氢原子,这时m不为1。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,基团R1和R2中的碳原子总数为5至20个碳原子,优选6至20个碳原子。
本发明的主题还是用于制备根据本发明的式(I)化合物的方法。
本发明的另一个主题是式(V)的化合物:
其中:
-基团R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7如前所定义,和
-n如先前所定义。
本发明的主题还是式(VI)的化合物:
其中:
-基团R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7如前所定义,和
-n和m如前所定义。
本发明的另一主题涉及根据本发明的化合物的用途,尤其用作为用于矿石的浮选捕收剂的用途。
本发明的其它优点和特征将通过详细描述而更清楚地显现出来。
另外指出的是,在本说明书中使用的表述“...至...”以及“从...到...”应当被理解为包括每个提到的端值。
根据本发明的化合物是具有上述式(I)化合物。
优选地,n是0至10,更优选0至5,甚至更优选0至1的整数。
有利地,基团R3和R4,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子和甲基。
优选地,m是从1到4的整数;更优选地,m等于1、2或3。
本发明的主题还是用于制备根据本发明的式(I)化合物的方法,所述方法依次包括:
-使式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应的步骤:
其中基团R1,R2,R3,R4和n如前所定义;
-氢化反应;
-由这些步骤产生的产物可以与α,β-不饱和腈然后与二氢连续地进行(m-1)次反应(m如前所定义)。
根据优选的实施方案,α,β-不饱和腈选自丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈,优选丙烯腈。
因此,当n等于0时,式(II)化合物可以是2-辛醇。这种醇在多个方面具有特别的益处。因为,它是一种生物来源的,可生物降解的产品,并且具有优良的生态毒理学特征。此外,2-辛醇的沸点高,并且其成本价格是非常合理的。
有利地,α,β-不饱和腈与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为0.8-1.2,优选0.9-1.2。
特别有利的是,α,β-不饱和腈与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1.01-1.1,即式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应通过使用略微过量的α,β-不饱和腈来进行。
优选地,式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应在至少一种碱性催化剂CB存在下进行。
优选地,碱性催化剂CB选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物,碱金属醇盐,碱金属氢化物,碱性树脂和季铵氢氧化物。
特别优选地,碱性催化剂CB选自氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,氢化钠和氢化钾。
根据本发明的特定的实施方案,碱性催化剂CB的使用量相对于式(II)化合物的总重量为0.1重量%至2重量%,优选0.5重量%至1重量%。
式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应的温度可以在宽范围内变化。优选地,其为20至75℃,更优选25至70℃,甚至更优选25至65℃。
有利地,式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应在没有溶剂的情况下进行,但是也可以使用相对于式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应而言是中性的溶剂。
术语“相对于反应而言是中性的溶剂”是指不与用于使式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应的试剂在化学上进行相互作用的任何溶剂。
优选地,相对于反应而言是中性的溶剂选自醚、二甲基甲酰胺和使选自甲苯和二甲苯的试剂溶解的芳族溶剂。
在适当的情况下,碱性催化剂CB可以在反应结束时通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方式进行中和,例如,并且以非限制性的方式,有机或无机酸,优选选自盐酸和乙酸,或者替换地,当催化剂具有固体性质时,可以通过例如过滤除去催化剂。
优选地,氢化反应在至少一种催化剂CT存在下进行。
根据特定的实施方案,所述催化剂CT选自阮内镍和阮内钴。
有利地,相对于由式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应得到的产物的重量,催化剂CT的量为0.5重量%至10重量%,优选2重量%至8重量%。
优选地,在氢化反应期间的压力为1至10MPa,优选1.5至5MPa。
优选地,氢化反应的温度为50-170℃,优选70-150℃。
根据本发明的特定实施方案,为了促进伯胺的形成,可以设想添加能够产生氨分压的一定量的氨。有利地,0.5至2的氨/腈官能摩尔比是适合使用的。或者,还可以加入强碱,优选地选自氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾,其量可以为100-5000ppm,优选500-5000ppm,更优选500-2500ppm,相对于由式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应得到的产物的量。
特别有利地,结合地加入所述能够产生氨分压的量的氨和加入所述强碱。
优选地,式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应和氢化反应的连续步骤在相同的反应器中进行。
还可以在具有有机或含水-有机溶剂例如醇(甲醇,乙醇或异丙醇)和用于氢化反应并且使试剂和最终产物溶解的任何其它溶剂的溶剂介质中进行操作。
可以通过引入所有试剂并进行氢化反应以间歇模式进行操作。还可以通过引入溶剂,氨和/或强碱,催化剂和氢气,然后通过连续引入由式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应得到的缩合产物,以半间歇方式进行工作。
有利地,式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应和氢化反应在不同的反应器中进行。
优选地,根据本发明的方法包括在使式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应和氢化反应的连续步骤之前,使式(III)的醇与式(IV)的n种化合物反应:
R1-CH(OH)-R2 (III),
其中R1和R2如前所定义,
其中:
-基团R3和R4如前所定义,
-n如先前所定义。
本发明的主题还是如前所定义的式(I)化合物作为润滑剂,阳离子表面活性剂,用于矿石的浮选捕收剂,腐蚀抑制剂,燃料添加剂和用于环氧树脂的交联剂的用途。
式(I)化合物用作用于矿石的浮选捕收剂是特别优选的。
本发明通过以下实施例进行说明,这些实施例完全不是限制性的。
实施例
所使用的2-辛醇是由Arkema销售的精制级产品。
实施例1:3-(2-辛氧基)丙腈的合成
1) 3-(2-辛氧基)丙腈的合成
a) 使用氢氧化钾
将130g (1M) 的2-辛醇和2g作为50%水溶液形式的氢氧化钾加入于装有搅拌器,并配备有滴液漏斗,冷凝器,氮气惰性化系统和加热夹套的反应器中。在搅拌和惰性气氛下使反应介质升温到45℃,然后滴加55g(1.04M)丙烯腈。在滴加后保持温度直到反应完成。在反应结束时,碱性催化剂用化学计量的盐酸进行中和。丙腈醚通过薄膜蒸馏进行分离,摩尔产率为90%。
b) 氢化钠的使用
将130g (1M) 2-辛醇和0.6g氢化钠加入到装有搅拌器并装有滴液漏斗,冷凝器,氮气惰性化系统和加热夹套的反应器中。用氮气吹扫该反应器以除去形成的氢气。在搅拌和惰性气氛下使反应介质达到35℃,然后滴加55g(1.04M)丙烯腈。在滴加后保持温度直到反应完成。在反应结束时,碱性催化剂用化学计量的盐酸进行中和。丙腈醚通过薄膜蒸馏进行分离,摩尔产率为91%。
1) 3-(2-辛氧基)丙腈的氢化
将根据方法1)a)或1)b)获得的183g (1M) 3-(2-辛氧基)丙腈,14g阮内镍和2000ppmKOH(50%水溶液形式)加入到300cm3的Autoclave Engineer类型高压釜中,该高压釜配备有自动吸入涡轮类型的搅拌系统,冷却盘管和压力和温度调节系统。高压釜密闭并用氮气吹扫。然后在升温期间引入氢气,使得在110℃获得3MPa的总压力。继续反应直至不再消耗氢气。在反应结束时,通过过滤回收催化剂。粗反应产物进行薄膜蒸馏以得到3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺,其中摩尔产率为85%。
实施例2:醚二胺的合成
1) 3-[3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺]丙腈的合成
将225g (1.2M) 3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺和2.25g水加入到装有搅拌器,并配备有滴液漏斗,冷凝器,氮气惰性化系统和加热夹套的反应器中。
在搅拌和惰性气氛下使反应介质达到60℃,然后逐滴加入65g (1.226M)丙烯腈。在滴入后维持温度直至反应完成,即约2小时。以87%的摩尔收率获得3-[3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺]丙腈。
2) 3-[3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺]丙腈的氢化
将根据上述方法获得的200g (1M) 3-[3-(2-辛氧基)丙胺]丙腈和3.6g阮内镍置于500cm3的Autoclave Engineer类型高压釜中,该高压釜装有自吸式涡轮式搅拌系统,冷却盘管和压力和温度调节系统。将高压灭菌器密闭并用氮气吹扫。然后将反应介质加热到75℃。引入氨最高至0.8MPa的总压力。然后在升温过程中引入氢气,使得在120℃的总压力达到3MPa。继续反应直至不再消耗氢气。在反应结束时,将高压釜脱气,通过过滤回收催化剂。以83%的摩尔收率获得粗醚二胺。
实施例3:聚醚胺的合成
1) 三(乙醚)丙腈的合成
将262g (1M)三(乙氧基)-2-辛醇和2g氢氧化钾(50%水溶液形式)置于装有搅拌器并装有滴液漏斗,冷凝器,氮气惰化系统和加热夹套的反应器中进行。在搅拌和惰性气氛下使反应介质升到55℃,然后滴加55.6g(1.05M)丙烯腈。在滴加后保持温度直到反应完成。在反应结束时,碱性催化剂用化学计量盐酸进行中和。以89%的摩尔产率获得三(乙醚)丙腈。
2) 三(乙醚)丙腈的氢化
将按照上述方法获得的252g(0.8M)三(乙醚)丙腈,20g阮内镍和2000ppm氢氧化钾(50%水溶液形式)置于500cm3的Autoclave Engineer型高压釜中,装有自动吸入涡轮类型搅拌系统,冷却盘管和压力和温度调节系统。该高压灭菌器锁定并用氮气吹扫。然后在升温过程中引入氢气,使得在120℃的总压力达到3MPa。继续该反应直至不再消耗氢气。在反应结束时,将高压釜脱气,通过过滤回收催化剂。以81%的摩尔收率获得三(乙醚)胺。
实施例4:根据本发明的化合物作为浮选捕收剂的用途
含有硅酸盐的磷酸盐矿通过反浮选进行纯化。试验在Outotec浮选槽中进行。
首先,引入2.5升自来水和340g磨碎的磷酸盐矿石(其粒度范围为30-300μm)。将涡轮速度调整到1500转/分,以确保矿石悬浮在整个槽容积中。然后加入0.34g 85%水溶液的磷酸,并维持搅拌3分钟。
接下来,加入0.17g由CECA公司以商品名Melioran® P312提供的碳酸盐捕收剂并继续搅拌2分钟。然后以3L/分钟的流速将空气送入槽中,浮选进行两分钟。定期用刮铲收集泡沫。
在浮选结束时中断空气供应,并添加10.2g用于硅酸盐的阳离子捕收剂。继续搅拌两分钟,然后重新打开空气供应。浮选进行四分钟。
在这两个步骤结束时,在布氏(Büchner)漏斗上滤出留在浮选槽中的矿石,并在烘箱中干燥过夜。然后称重干燥的矿石以确定回收的量并送去分析以确定其组成。
对比试验涉及在第二浮选步骤中使用的五种用于硅酸盐的阳离子捕收剂。
起始矿石是含有43重量%方解石和17重量%石英(相对于矿石总重量)的氟磷灰石类型矿石。P2O5化合物的含量相对于矿石的重量为13.8重量%。
化合物A是对比化合物。它是由CECA公司出售的Noramac® C26(N-烷基椰油胺乙酸盐)。
化合物B是对比化合物。它是由Air Products公司销售的Tomamine® PA-14(异癸氧基丙胺)。
化合物C是对比化合物。它是由Air Products公司销售的Tomamine® DA-14(异癸氧基丙基-1,3-二氨基丙烷)。
化合物D是对应于下式(VII)的根据本发明的化合物:
化合物E是对应于下式(VIII)的根据本发明的化合物:
将浮选后的矿石的分析结果整理在下表1中:
表1
被去除的硅酸盐(重量%) 去除的方解石(重量%) P2O5的最后含量(重量%)
化合物A(对比) 12.1 65.2 20.5
化合物B(对比) 29.4 76.4 22.8
化合物C(对比) 78.5 64.9 25.6
化合物D(发明) 81 86.6 29.6
化合物E(发明) 81.6 82.9 28.6
表1清楚地表明,与三种对比化合物A,B和C相比,根据本发明的化合物D和E允许除去更大量的硅酸盐。
另外,由于使用化合物D和E,该P2O5的最终含量比与使用对比化合物相关的P2O5的最终含量更高。
因此,已经证明,使用根据本发明的化合物引起在磷矿石浮选期间的选择性去除。相对于商业产品,这种特性甚至得到了改善。

Claims (14)

1.式(I)化合物:
其中:
-基团R1和R2,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地表示包含1至15个碳原子,优选1至10个碳原子的直链、支链或环状的,饱和或不饱和的烃基团;
-基团R3和R4,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子、甲基和乙基;
-基团R5,R6和R7,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子和包含1至6个碳原子,优选1至4个碳原子,更优选1至3个碳原子的烷基;
-n是0到20的整数;
-m是1到6的整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于n为0-10的整数,更优选0-5的整数,甚至更优选0-1的整数。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其特征在于基团R3和R4,是相同或不同的,彼此独立地选自氢原子和甲基。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其特征在于,m是1至4的整数,并且优选m等于1,2或3。
5.制备如权利要求1至4中任一项所定义的式(I)化合物的方法,所述方法依次包括:
-使式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应的步骤:
其中,基团R1,R2,R3,R4和n如在权利要求1中所定义;
-氢化反应;
-由这些步骤产生的产物可以与α,β-不饱和腈然后与二氢连续地进行(m-1)次反应,m如在权利要求1中所定义。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述α,β-不饱和腈选自丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈,优选丙烯腈。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于α,β-不饱和腈与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为0.8-1.2,优选0.9-1.2。
8.如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于α,β-不饱和腈与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为1.01-1.1。
9.根据权利要求5至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈的反应在至少一种碱性催化剂(CB)存在时进行。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于碱性催化剂(CB)选自碱金属和碱土金属的氢氧化物,碱金属醇盐和碱金属氢化物,碱性树脂和季铵氢氧化物,优选地,碱性催化剂(CB)选自氢氧化钠,氢氧化钾,氢化钠和氢化钾。
11.根据权利要求5至10中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括,在使如权利要求5所定义的式(II)化合物与α,β-不饱和腈反应和氢化反应的连续步骤之前,使式(III)的醇与n种式(IV)化合物反应的步骤:
R1-CH(OH)-R2 (III),
其中R1和R2如在权利要求1中所定义,
其中:
-基团R3和R4如在权利要求1中所定义,和
-n如在权利要求1中所定义。
12.式(V)的化合物:
其中:
-基团R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7如在权利要求1中所定义;
-n如在权利要求1中所定义。
13.式(VI)的化合物:
其中:
-基团R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6和R7如在权利要求1中所定义;
-n和m如在权利要求1中所定义。
14.如权利要求1至4中任一项所定义的式(I)化合物的用途,其作为润滑剂,阳离子表面活性剂,用于矿石的浮选捕收剂,腐蚀抑制剂,燃料添加剂和用于环氧树脂的交联剂。
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FR3040994A1 (fr) 2017-03-17
CN113943226A (zh) 2022-01-18
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