CN108126231A - 一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108126231A CN108126231A CN201711246675.4A CN201711246675A CN108126231A CN 108126231 A CN108126231 A CN 108126231A CN 201711246675 A CN201711246675 A CN 201711246675A CN 108126231 A CN108126231 A CN 108126231A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，属于纱布制备技术领域。本发明以改性壳聚糖纤维为基体，棉纤维作为辅助剂，自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油等物质作为补强剂制备得到高强度抑菌医用纱布，首先将蚕蛹壳通过酸解和碱洗制备得到自制壳聚糖，能够抑制多种细菌的生长与活性，接着由纳米氧化锌、异噻唑啉酮和布洛芬混合制成自制抗菌乳液，将坯布浸泡在自制抗菌乳液中，形成了一层抗菌保护层，使细菌死亡，本发明继续利用具有一定强度的纳米二氧化钛经过煅烧和酸解，将其与钛酸酯偶联剂混合搅拌，形成坚韧的多孔纳米二氧化钛，可以直接攻击细菌的细胞，以此杀灭细菌，进一步提高医用纱布的抗菌性，具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，属于纱布制备技术领域。
背景技术
纱布属纺织原料，特点是稀疏，有明显的网格；是一种经纬稀疏的棉织品。纱布品种多样，用途广泛；纯棉纱布主要用于棉被、蚕丝被里料；脱脂纱布主要用于医用绷带，药布、橡皮膏等。
纱布按照用纱原料的不同，可分为纯棉纱布、纯化纤纱布、混纺纱布。按织造工艺不同，可分为单层纱布、双层纱布、多层纱布。按用途的不同，可分为民用纱布、医用纱布、工业纱布等。按颜色不同，可分为色纱布、本白纱布、漂白纱布。按软硬程度不同，可分为柔软纱布、上浆纱布、上浆定型纱布。
目前，我国纺织品消费需要已由生存型消费转向享有型消费，逐渐从纺织品生产基地变成消费主体，人们对于高品质纺织品的需求与日俱增，对高品质纤维尤其是对人体具有良好亲和力的蛋白质纤维的需求同样在不断增加。常用的传统天然蛋白质纤维包括毛绒类和蚕丝类纤维。这两类纤维以舒适性好、光泽好、风格高雅等优秀的服用性能而受到消费者的青睐，但其资源有限、价格高、抑菌效果差，不能满足医用要求。
纱布在与水接触后，普通的纱布中的纤维只有轻微的膨胀，吸收能力有限，所吸收的水分绝大部分被吸进纱线与纱线的间隙中，无法为伤口提供潮湿的环境。当被覆盖在创面上后，伤口上增长的皮肤组织很易容易长入纱布上的空隙中，在从伤口上去除纱布时很容易拉伤皮肤，造成二次出血。若创面愈合延迟，容易造成伤口的二次粘连，不利于伤口愈合，严重时会引发感染，并可能在换药时给病人造成更大的痛苦。纱布的吸水性越好，越有助于伤口愈合。但是纱布吸水性提高了，其力学性能可能会变差。而棉纱布作为医用敷料，其力学性能同样至关重要，尤其是断裂强度。
因此，发明一种抑菌效果好、强度又高的医用纱布对纱布制备技术领域具有积极意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前常见医用纱布存在强度较低和抗菌性较差的缺陷，提供了一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是：
一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）称取30～40g蚕蛹壳放入带有60～80mL盐酸溶液的烧杯中混合浸泡后，再向烧杯中加入90～110mL氢氧化钠溶液，继续混合浸洗，得到碱洗物质，并用双氧水冲洗碱洗物质，控制碱洗物质的pH值，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；
（2）将自制壳聚糖、冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；
（3）将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌，得到自制抗菌乳液；
（4）称取80～100g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中煅烧，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；
（5）将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌后，再放入纱布制造设备中挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用90～100℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡，最后放入烘箱中烘干，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
步骤（1）所述的盐酸溶液的质量分数为10％，浸泡温度为25～35℃，浸泡时间为1～2天，氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为30％，继续浸洗温度为80～90℃，继续浸洗时间为1～2h，双氧水的质量分数为15％，冲洗次数为3～5次，控制碱洗物质的pH值为10～12。
步骤（2）所述的自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇的质量比为1：2：1，搅拌时间为45～60min，拉丝转速为1500～2000r/min。
步骤（3）所述的纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水的质量比为2：2：1：5，搅拌时间为10～12min，继续搅拌时间为12～16min。
步骤（4）所述的煅烧温度为120～180℃，煅烧时间为16～20min，盐酸的质量分数为32％，洗涤次数为3～5次，多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201的质量比为1：3，搅拌时间为16～20min。
步骤（5）所述的改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维的质量比为2：1，搅拌时间为10～12min，挤压温度为75～95℃，挤压压力为0.3～0.5MPa，自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油的质量比为2：3：1，混合搅拌时间为8～10min，清洗次数为20～30min，继续浸泡时间为1～2h，烘干温度为90～100℃，烘干时间为35～45min。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明以改性壳聚糖纤维为基体，棉纤维作为辅助剂，自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油等物质作为补强剂制备得到高强度抑菌医用纱布，首先将蚕蛹壳通过酸解和碱洗制备得到自制壳聚糖，再利用聚乙烯醇对自制壳聚糖进行改性，使得自制壳聚糖拉丝成具有一定强度和不易断裂的壳聚糖纤维，提高了医用纱布的强度，再根据壳聚糖的抗菌机制，其复杂的空间结构中含有高活性的功能基团，表现出类抗生素的特征，能够抑制多种细菌的生长与活性，另外壳聚糖通过在细菌表面形成一层高分子膜，阻止营养物质的运输而导致细菌死亡，从而达到抑菌效果；
（2）本发明接着由纳米氧化锌、异噻唑啉酮和布洛芬混合制成自制抗菌乳液，将坯布浸泡在自制抗菌乳液中，形成了一层抗菌保护层，由于纳米氧化锌、异噻唑啉酮和布洛芬相结合时，异噻唑啉酮会通过带有正电荷的活性基团与细菌表面细胞的负电荷相吸引，以物理方式破坏细菌细胞膜，使细菌死亡，再以纳米氧化锌与细菌接触时缓慢释放金属离子，由于金属离子具有氧化还原性，并能与有机物的羧基和羟基反应，破坏其结构，进入细胞后破坏电子传递系统的酶，达到杀菌的目的，将其有效地填充在医用纱布内部孔隙中，使其形成致密结构，有利于医用纱布的强度得以提高，另外相对分子质量较小的布洛芬药物分子则通过渗透进入细胞内部，影响细胞生理活动，再次达到抑菌效果；
（3）本发明继续利用具有一定强度的纳米二氧化钛经过煅烧和酸解，将其与钛酸酯偶联剂混合搅拌，形成坚韧的多孔纳米二氧化钛，并填充在医用纱布内部孔隙中，有利于医用纱布的强度得以提高，另外当受光时生成化学活泼性很强的超氧化物阴离子自由基和氢氧自由基，可以直接攻击细菌的细胞，致使细菌细胞内的有机物降解，以此杀灭细菌，进一步提高医用纱布的抗菌性，具有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
称取30～40g蚕蛹壳放入带有60～80mL质量分数为10％的盐酸溶液的烧杯中，在温度为25～35℃下混合浸泡1～2天后，再向烧杯中加入90～110mL质量分数为30％的氢氧化钠溶液，在温度为80～90℃下继续混合浸洗1～2h，得到碱洗物质，并用质量分数为15％的双氧水冲洗碱洗物质3～5次，控制碱洗物质的pH值至10～12，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；按质量比为1：2：1将自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌45～60min，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中，在转速为1500～2000r/min下拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；按质量比为2：2：1：5将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌10～12min，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌12～16min，得到自制抗菌乳液；称取80～100g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中，在温度为120～180℃下煅烧16～20min，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用质量分数为32％的盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛3～5次，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，按质量比为1：3将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌16～20min，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；按质量比为2：1将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌10～12min后，再放入纱布制造设备中，在温度为75～95℃、压力为0.3～0.5MPa下挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再按质量比为2：3：1将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌8～10min，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用90～100℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布20～30min，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡1～2h，最后放入烘箱中，在温度为90～100℃下烘干35～45min，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
实例1
称取30g蚕蛹壳放入带有60mL质量分数为10％的盐酸溶液的烧杯中，在温度为25℃下混合浸泡1天后，再向烧杯中加入90mL质量分数为30％的氢氧化钠溶液，在温度为80℃下继续混合浸洗1h，得到碱洗物质，并用质量分数为15％的双氧水冲洗碱洗物质3次，控制碱洗物质的pH值至10，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；按质量比为1：2：1将自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌45min，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中，在转速为1500r/min下拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；按质量比为2：2：1：5将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌10min，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌12min，得到自制抗菌乳液；称取80g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中，在温度为120℃下煅烧16min，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用质量分数为32％的盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛3次，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，按质量比为1：3将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌16min，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；按质量比为2：1将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌10min后，再放入纱布制造设备中，在温度为75℃、压力为0.3MPa下挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再按质量比为2：3：1将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌8min，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用90℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布20min，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡1h，最后放入烘箱中，在温度为90℃下烘干35min，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
实例2
称取35g蚕蛹壳放入带有70mL质量分数为10％的盐酸溶液的烧杯中，在温度为30℃下混合浸泡1天后，再向烧杯中加入100mL质量分数为30％的氢氧化钠溶液，在温度为85℃下继续混合浸洗1.5h，得到碱洗物质，并用质量分数为15％的双氧水冲洗碱洗物质4次，控制碱洗物质的pH值至11，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；按质量比为1：2：1将自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌50min，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中，在转速为1700r/min下拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；按质量比为2：2：1：5将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌11min，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌14min，得到自制抗菌乳液；称取90g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中，在温度为140℃下煅烧18min，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用质量分数为32％的盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛4次，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，按质量比为1：3将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌18min，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；按质量比为2：1将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌11min后，再放入纱布制造设备中，在温度为85℃、压力为0.4MPa下挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再按质量比为2：3：1将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌9min，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用95℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布25min，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡1.5h，最后放入烘箱中，在温度为95℃下烘干40min，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
实例3
称取40g蚕蛹壳放入带有80mL质量分数为10％的盐酸溶液的烧杯中，在温度为35℃下混合浸泡2天后，再向烧杯中加入110mL质量分数为30％的氢氧化钠溶液，在温度为90℃下继续混合浸洗2h，得到碱洗物质，并用质量分数为15％的双氧水冲洗碱洗物质5次，控制碱洗物质的pH值至12，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；按质量比为1：2：1将自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌60min，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中，在转速为2000r/min下拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；按质量比为2：2：1：5将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌12min，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌16min，得到自制抗菌乳液；称取100g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中，在温度为180℃下煅烧20min，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用质量分数为32％的盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛5次，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，按质量比为1：3将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌20min，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；按质量比为2：1将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌12min后，再放入纱布制造设备中，在温度为95℃、压力为0.5MPa下挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再按质量比为2：3：1将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌10min，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用100℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布30min，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡2h，最后放入烘箱中，在温度为100℃下烘干45min，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
对比例
以河南某公司的高强度抑菌医用纱布作为对比例
将本发明制得的高强度抑菌医用纱布和对比例中的高强度抑菌医用纱布进行性能检测，检测结果如表1所示：
1、测试方法：
大肠杆菌平均菌数测试按JC/T897-2002的规定进行抑菌性能检测；
金黄色葡萄球菌平均菌数测试按JC/T897-2002的规定进行抑菌性能检测；
白色念球菌抑菌率的测试按GB/T20944.2-2007的规定进行性能检测。
表1
根据表1中数据可知，本发明制得的高强度抑菌医用纱布抑菌效果好，都达到了99.99%，强度高，具有广阔的应用前景。
Claims (6)
1.一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）称取30～40g蚕蛹壳放入带有60～80mL盐酸溶液的烧杯中混合浸泡后，再向烧杯中加入90～110mL氢氧化钠溶液，继续混合浸洗，得到碱洗物质，并用双氧水冲洗碱洗物质，控制碱洗物质的pH值，冲洗完毕后，取出脱乙酰甲壳素，即为自制壳聚糖；
（2）将自制壳聚糖、冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇混合搅拌，得到改性自制壳聚糖溶液，将改性自制壳聚糖溶液运送到多孔漏板中拉丝，得到改性自制壳聚糖纤维；（3）将纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水混合置于烧杯中搅拌，得到混合液，再向混合液中加入混合液质量3％的十二烷基硫酸钠，继续混合搅拌，得到自制抗菌乳液；
（4）称取80～100g纳米二氧化钛倒入窑炉中煅烧，得到煅烧纳米二氧化钛，用盐酸洗涤煅烧纳米二氧化钛，得到多孔纳米二氧化钛，将多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201混合搅拌，得到改性纳米二氧化钛；
（5）将改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维混合搅拌后，再放入纱布制造设备中挤压成型，得到自制坯布，再将自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油混合搅拌，得到自制助剂，将自制坯布放入热水槽中，先用90～100℃的去离子水清洗自制坯布，再向去离子水中加入自制助剂，继续混合浸泡，最后放入烘箱中烘干，自然冷却至室温，出料，即可制得高强度抑菌医用纱布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）所述的盐酸溶液的质量分数为10％，浸泡温度为25～35℃，浸泡时间为1～2天，氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为30％，继续浸洗温度为80～90℃，继续浸洗时间为1～2h，双氧水的质量分数为15％，冲洗次数为3～5次，控制碱洗物质的pH值为10～12。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）所述的自制壳聚糖、质量分数为98％的冰醋酸溶液和聚乙烯醇的质量比为1：2：1，搅拌时间为45～60min，拉丝转速为1500～2000r/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（3）所述的纳米氧化锌、布洛芬、异噻唑啉酮和蒸馏水的质量比为2：2：1：5，搅拌时间为10～12min，继续搅拌时间为12～16min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（4）所述的煅烧温度为120～180℃，煅烧时间为16～20min，盐酸的质量分数为32％，洗涤次数为3～5次，多孔纳米二氧化钛和钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-201的质量比为1：3，搅拌时间为16～20min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度抑菌医用纱布的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（5）所述的改性自制壳聚糖纤维和棉纤维的质量比为2：1，搅拌时间为10～12min，挤压温度为75～95℃，挤压压力为0.3～0.5MPa，自制抗菌乳液、改性纳米二氧化钛和二甲基硅油的质量比为2：3：1，混合搅拌时间为8～10min，清洗次数为20～30min，继续浸泡时间为1～2h，烘干温度为90～100℃，烘干时间为35～45min。
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