CN108112218B - Fractal micro-channel cold plate with bidirectional flow path - Google Patents
Fractal micro-channel cold plate with bidirectional flow path Download PDFInfo
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- CN108112218B CN108112218B CN201711278458.3A CN201711278458A CN108112218B CN 108112218 B CN108112218 B CN 108112218B CN 201711278458 A CN201711278458 A CN 201711278458A CN 108112218 B CN108112218 B CN 108112218B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20218—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a liquid coolant without phase change in electronic enclosures
- H05K7/20254—Cold plates transferring heat from heat source to coolant
Abstract
The invention discloses a fractal micro-channel cold plate with a bidirectional flow path, which comprises a liquid inlet plate, a middle plate and a liquid return plate, wherein the liquid inlet plate comprises a first inlet liquid separating channel, a second inlet liquid separating channel and a liquid inlet zero-order branch channel; the middle plate comprises a hollow hole, and the hollow hole is arranged to correspond to the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel; the liquid return plate comprises a first outlet liquid collecting channel, a second outlet liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting zero-level branch channel, the first outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels of the even rows, and the second outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels of the odd rows. According to the fractal micro-channel cold plate with the bidirectional flow path, the duty ratio and the heat exchange area of the micro-channel on the cold plate are improved, and the temperature uniformity and the heat dissipation performance of the surface of the cold plate are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, in particular to a fractal micro-channel cold plate of a bidirectional flow path.
Background
With the improvement of chip manufacturing process, the chip integration level is higher and higher, the power per unit volume is larger and larger, and a large amount of heat is generated during the operation of the chip. If the heat cannot be dissipated uniformly in time, the chip is burnt out due to overheating wholly or locally. This requires that the heat sink for cooling the chip has a sufficiently large heat dissipation capability, and the heat dissipation surface has a uniform temperature and no local overheating phenomenon.
The microchannel cold plate is used as a liquid cooling radiator with compact structure and strong heat exchange capability, and is considered as the most effective means for heat dissipation and cooling of the high-power integrated chip. The existing micro-channel cold plate is provided with a single channel or a plurality of straight channels on a metal substrate to form a one-way flow path. Chinese patent publication (publication) No. CN 103474712B, "a sealed water-cooling plate structure applied to a lithium battery module," adopts a single channel arranged on a single-layer substrate at a continuous 180-degree fold angle, and a refrigerant flows from one end of the cold plate to the other end along the serpentine channel to realize heat exchange. Chinese patent publication (publication) No. CN100555613C, "a cold plate for selective grooving of electronic component cooling" adopts a plurality of parallel straight channels arranged on a single-layer substrate, and the refrigerant is distributed to each channel to flow along the same direction and finally converge and flow out. The micro-channel cold plate adopts straight channels to form a one-way flow path; the temperature of the heat dissipation surface of the cold plate is continuously increased along the flowing direction of the refrigeration working medium, so that the outlet position of the cold plate is easy to be locally overheated; in addition, the duty ratio of the straight micro-channel is low, and local overheating is easy to occur in a region without working medium flowing between the channels.
Two mutually isolated refrigerating media flow in a countercurrent way in a crossed way in the cold plate, so that the problem of non-uniform temperature of the cold plate of the unidirectional flow path micro-channel can be effectively solved. However, the micro-channels are directly etched on the single-layer substrate, so that a flow channel cavity which is isolated from each other and can enable the working medium to cross and flow reversely is difficult to form.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field are dedicated to develop a fractal micro-channel cold plate with a bidirectional flow path, and a method of feeding liquid from two ends and cross-counterflow of two paths of working media is adopted to solve the problem of local overheating caused by the fact that the temperature of the cold plate is continuously increased along the flow direction of the working media; the fractal micro-channel with the multi-stage branch structure is adopted, so that the duty ratio and the heat exchange area of the micro-channel on the cold plate are improved, and the temperature uniformity and the heat dissipation performance of the surface of the cold plate are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to invent a new bidirectional flow path microchannel cold plate to solve the problem of uneven temperature of the existing unidirectional flow path cold plate, and to solve the problem of how to arrange two flow path cavities that are isolated from each other and cross-flow.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fractal micro-channel cold plate of a bidirectional flow path, comprising a liquid inlet plate, a middle plate and a liquid return plate, wherein,
the liquid inlet plate comprises a first inlet liquid separating channel, a second inlet liquid separating channel and a liquid inlet zero-level branch channel, wherein the first inlet liquid separating channel is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels of the odd rows, and the second inlet liquid separating channel is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels of the even rows;
The middle plate comprises a hollow hole, and the hollow hole is arranged to correspond to the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel;
The liquid return plate comprises a first outlet liquid collecting channel, a second outlet liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting zero-level branch channel, the first outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels of the even rows, and the second outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels of the odd rows.
Furthermore, the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel comprises a fractal unit, the fractal unit is connected in series, the fractal unit comprises a zero-level branch channel, a first-level branch channel and a second-level branch channel, the hydraulic diameter ratio of the zero-level branch channel to the first-level branch channel is equal to the diameter ratio of the first-level branch channel to the second-level branch channel, and the hydraulic length ratio of the zero-level branch channel to the first-level branch channel is equal to the length ratio of the first-level branch channel to the second-level branch channel.
Furthermore, the fractal unit starts from the zero-level branch channel, is in a one-to-two form at a node, and is divided into two primary branch channels, the two primary branch channels are divided into two, the four secondary branch channels are fractal, the four secondary branch channels are combined into two primary branch channels, and the two primary branch channels are combined into one zero-level branch channel.
Furthermore, the liquid collection zero-level branch channel and the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel are mirror symmetry and consistent in size.
Further, the cold plate uses metal or plastic as a material.
Furthermore, the liquid inlet plate and the liquid return plate form a fluid channel by adopting laser lithography candles or machining, and the middle plate forms a hollow structure by adopting laser drilling or machining.
Further, the cold plate preferably uses copper or aluminum as a material.
Further, the liquid inlet plate, the intermediate plate and the liquid return plate are assembled together by welding or gluing.
furthermore, the cold plate adopts water or ethanol as a refrigerating working medium.
Further, the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels are arranged in parallel and parallel arrangement, and the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels are arranged in parallel and parallel arrangement.
The invention solves the problem of local overheating caused by the continuous rise of the temperature of the cold plate along the flow direction of the working medium, improves the duty ratio and the heat exchange area of the micro-channel on the cold plate, and further improves the temperature uniformity and the heat dissipation performance of the surface of the cold plate.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a bi-directional flow path fractal micro-channel cold plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow path diagram of a fractal micro-channel cold plate of a bidirectional flow path according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid inlet plate and a fractal unit structure of a fractal micro-channel cold plate of a bidirectional flow path according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate plate structure of a bi-directional flow path fractal micro-channel cold plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a liquid return structure of a bi-directional flow fractal micro-channel cold plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic size structure diagram of a fractal micro-channel cold plate of a bi-directional flow path according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the temperature distribution of the heat dissipation surface of a bi-directional flow path fractal micro-channel cold plate according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a prior art cold plate at different flow rates.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a fractal micro-channel cold plate with bidirectional flow paths according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid inlet plate 1, an intermediate plate 2, and a liquid return plate 3. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
As shown in fig. 3, the liquid inlet plate includes a first inlet liquid separating channel 4, a second inlet liquid separating channel 5 and a liquid inlet zero-level branch channel, the first inlet liquid separating channel 4 is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels of odd rows, and the second inlet liquid separating channel 5 is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels of even rows;
As shown in fig. 4, the middle plate 2 includes a hollowed hole 9, and the hollowed hole 9 is disposed to correspond to the liquid feeding zero level branch channel; the length and the width of the middle plate 2 are consistent with those of the liquid inlet plate 1, the thickness range is 0.5-2mm, and the recommended value is 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the liquid return plate 3 includes a first outlet liquid collecting channel 11, a second outlet liquid collecting channel 12 and a collector zero level branch channel, the first outlet liquid collecting channel 11 is connected with the collector zero level branch channel of the even-numbered rows, and the second outlet liquid collecting channel 12 is connected with the collector zero level branch channel of the odd-numbered rows.
Further, the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel 6 comprises fractal units, as shown in fig. 3, the fractal units are connected in series, the fractal units comprise a zero-level branch channel 6, a first-level branch channel 7 and a second-level branch channel 8, the hydraulic diameter ratio of the zero-level branch channel 6 to the first-level branch channel 7 is equal to the diameter ratio of the first-level branch channel 7 to the second-level branch channel 8, and the hydraulic length ratio of the zero-level branch channel 6 to the first-level branch channel 7 is equal to the length ratio of the first-level branch channel 7 to the second-level branch channel 8.
Further, the fractal unit starts from the zero-level branch channel 6, is in a form of one-to-two at a node, and is divided into two primary branch channels 7, the two primary branch channels 7 are further divided into two, the fractal unit further adopts 90 degrees as a branching angle at the branching node of each stage, the fractal unit divides four secondary branch channels 8, the four secondary branch channels 8 are further merged into two primary branch channels 7, the two primary branch channels 7 are further merged into one zero-level branch channel 6, the fractal unit adopts 90 degrees as a branching angle at the branching node of each stage, the lengths and widths of the branch channels of each stage meet the fractal principle, namely, the length relation l 0/l 1 is l 1/l 2 is lambda, the width relation w 0/w 1 is w 1/2 is beta (as shown in fig. 3), the length l0 and the width w 0 of the zero-level branch channel 6, the primary branch channel 7 and the secondary branch channel 8 are in the value ranges of 1-5mm and 0.2-2mm, the ratio w 0 is 1.4, and the ratio is 1.5.4.
The first inlet liquid separating channel 4 and the second inlet liquid separating channel 5 divide the fluid into 2-20 zero-level branch channels, and each zero-level branch channel comprises 3-20 fractal units connected in series. The length L and the width W of the liquid inlet plate 1 need to be selected according to the size of a chip to be cooled, as shown in FIG. 6, and the general range is 5-60 mm; the thickness T ranges from 1mm to 5mm, and preferably takes a value of 2 mm; the depth of the groove is required to be at least 0.5mm less than the thickness.
The liquid inlet zero-level branch channels are arranged in parallel and the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels are arranged in parallel and parallel.
The liquid collecting zero-level branch channel and the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel are mirror symmetry and have the same size, and the length, the width and the thickness of the liquid return plate 3 are the same as those of the liquid inlet plate 1.
Further, the cold plate is made of metal or plastic, and generally made of copper or aluminum with high thermal conductivity. The liquid inlet plate and the liquid return plate form a fluid channel by adopting laser lithography candles or machining, and the middle plate forms a hollow structure by adopting laser drilling or machining.
The liquid inlet plate, the middle plate and the liquid return plate are assembled together by welding or gluing, so that two mutually isolated flow paths are formed.
Furthermore, the cold plate adopts liquid which is not corrosive to metal, such as water or ethanol, and the like as a refrigerating working medium.
As shown in fig. 2, in the working process of the fractal microchannel cold plate with a bidirectional flow path according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant is divided into two paths and enters the cold plate from the first inlet channel 4 and the second inlet channel 5 of the liquid inlet plate 1. The middle plate hollow hole 9 enables corresponding flow channels on the liquid inlet plate 1 and the liquid return plate 3 to be communicated, each path of working medium entering the cold plate simultaneously flows through the zero-level branch channel 6, the first-level branch channel 7 and the second-level branch channel 8 in the liquid inlet plate 1 and the liquid return plate 3 in sequence, and finally flows out of the cold plate from the first outlet liquid collecting channel 10 and the second outlet liquid collecting channel 11 of the liquid return plate 3 respectively.
In order to verify the effect of the invention on improving the temperature uniformity of the heat dissipation surface of the cold plate, a CFD method is adopted to simulate and compare the temperature fields of the heat dissipation surfaces of the cold plate structure and the existing unidirectional flow path micro-channel cold plate structure.
The total length and the total width of two cold plates serving as simulation objects are kept consistent and are both 20 mm; the total number of rows of the channels of the two cold plates is 8. Each row of channels of the cold plate comprises 5 fractal units, the length and the width of the zero-order branch channel of each fractal unit are respectively 1mm and 0.4mm, and the length proportionality coefficient and the width proportionality coefficient are both 1.5; the width of each row of the existing cold plates is 1.6 mm. The detailed structural dimensions of the two cold plates are shown in figures 6 and 7, respectively.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a fractal micro-channel cold plate with a bidirectional flow path, wherein both the two cold plates are made of copper material, and the refrigerant is water.
the two cold plate temperature fields are simulated by adopting general commercial CFD software-FLUENT, the calculation model is a three-dimensional steady-state laminar flow incompressible model, the inlet of the cold plate is a speed inlet boundary, the inlet flow rate is 0.001-0.004 m/s, the inlet water temperature is normal temperature 298K, the outlet is a pressure boundary, and the radiating surface is a constant heat flow density boundary, and the heat flow density is 10W/cm 2.
Under the above working condition range, the calculation result of the maximum temperature difference between the fractal micro-channel cold plate of the bidirectional flow path and the surface of the existing cold plate is shown in fig. 7. When the water flow rate is 0.001m/s, the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cold plate is 2.3K, while the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the existing cold plate is 12.2K; when the water flow rate is 0.002m/s, the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cold plate is 1.6K, while the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the existing cold plate is 9.9K; when the water flow rate is 0.003m/s, the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cold plate is 1.2K, while the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the existing cold plate is 8.3K; when the water flow rate is 0.004m/s, the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cold plate is 1.0K, while the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the existing cold plate is 7.2K. According to the simulation results, the maximum temperature difference of the surface of the cold plate is 81-86% lower than that of the existing cold plate, which proves that the cold plate structure can obviously improve the temperature uniformity of the radiating surface.
the foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A fractal micro-channel cold plate with a bidirectional flow path is characterized by comprising a liquid inlet plate, a middle plate and a liquid return plate, wherein,
The liquid inlet plate comprises a first inlet liquid separating channel, a second inlet liquid separating channel and a liquid inlet zero-level branch channel, wherein the first inlet liquid separating channel is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels in odd rows, and the second inlet liquid separating channel is connected with the liquid inlet zero-level branch channels in even rows;
The middle plate comprises a hollowed-out hole, and the hollowed-out hole is arranged to correspond to the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel;
the liquid return plate comprises a first outlet liquid collecting channel, a second outlet liquid collecting channel and a liquid collecting zero-level branch channel, wherein the first outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels in even rows, and the second outlet liquid collecting channel is connected with the liquid collecting zero-level branch channels in odd rows;
The liquid collecting zero-level branch channel and the liquid inlet zero-level branch channel are in mirror symmetry and have the same size.
2. the fractal micro-channel cold plate of claim 1, wherein the feed zero-order branch channel comprises fractal units, the fractal units are connected in series, the fractal units comprise a zero-order branch channel, a primary branch channel and a secondary branch channel, the hydraulic diameter ratio of the zero-order branch channel to the primary branch channel is equal to the diameter ratio of the primary branch channel to the secondary branch channel, and the hydraulic length ratio of the zero-order branch channel to the primary branch channel is equal to the length ratio of the primary branch channel to the secondary branch channel.
3. The fractal micro-channel cold plate of claim 2, wherein the fractal unit starts from the zero-level branch channel, is divided into two primary branch channels at a node, two primary branch channels are further divided into two, four secondary branch channels are divided, four secondary branch channels are further combined into two primary branch channels, and two primary branch channels are further combined into one zero-level branch channel.
4. the bi-directional flow path fractal microchannel cold plate of claim 1, wherein said cold plate is made of metal or plastic.
5. The fractal micro-channel cold plate of claim 4, wherein the liquid inlet plate and the liquid return plate are formed into the fluid channel by laser lithography or machining, and the intermediate plate is formed into a hollow structure by laser drilling or machining.
6. A bi-directional flow path fractal micro-channel cold plate as claimed in claim 4, wherein said cold plate is preferably made of copper or aluminum.
7. The bi-directional flow path fractal microchannel cold plate of claim 1, wherein the liquid inlet plate, intermediate plate and liquid return plate are assembled together by welding or gluing.
8. The fractal micro-channel cold plate of claim 1, wherein water or ethanol is used as a refrigerant.
9. The fractal microchannel cold plate of claim 1, wherein the feed zero level branch channels are arranged in parallel and the collector zero level branch channels are arranged in parallel and parallel arrangement.
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| CN110595249A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-20 | 广东万和热能科技有限公司 | Multi-stage crotch type fin and heat exchanger |
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| CN113178639B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-12-20 | 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 | Fractal network runner cooling plate |
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