CN108097300A - 用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108097300A CN108097300A CN201711347531.8A CN201711347531A CN108097300A CN 108097300 A CN108097300 A CN 108097300A CN 201711347531 A CN201711347531 A CN 201711347531A CN 108097300 A CN108097300 A CN 108097300A
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- acetic acid
- isobutene
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical group CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Y+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QBAZWXKSCUESGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Carbon olefin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013847 iso-butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRHABPMHZRIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4,6,6-pentamethylhept-2-ene Chemical group CC(C)=CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C DRHABPMHZRIRAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008051 Si-OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006358 Si—OH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003254 gasoline additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMGSCCRUAVAONE-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc zirconium Chemical compound [Zn].[Zn].[Zn].[Zr] QMGSCCRUAVAONE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7049—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
- B01J29/7057—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/7215—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J29/7815—Zeolite Beta
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/207—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds
- C07C1/2076—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms from carbonyl compounds by a transformation in which at least one -C(=O)- moiety is eliminated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/16—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to increase the Si/Al ratio; Dealumination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
- C07C2529/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, pillared clays
- C07C2529/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- C07C2529/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65
- C07C2529/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及到一种乙酸转化制备异丁烯催化剂及其制备方法。以H‑beta沸石分子筛为原料,经酸处理后,通过浸渍法引入稀土活性组分中心,其中稀土金属优选Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd,最优选Y。制备方法是按计量将酸处理后的H‑beta沸石分子筛与稀土金属的硝酸盐前驱体混合,浸渍蒸干。本发明可以用来自生物质的乙酸制得高价值的异丁烯,并且获得比较高的选择性,解决工业过程中各种物质分离难的问题。本发明催化剂载体和金属前驱体盐都廉价易得、催化剂制备工艺简单、稳定性良好,在适宜的条件下应用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的工艺中,具有优异的催化活性和选择性,易于再生利用,对于乙酸转化制异丁烯的工业应用具有很大的借鉴意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
异丁烯是目前我国稀缺资源之一,具有广泛的用途和价值,它是生产聚异丁烯、甲甲酯、二异丁烯、三异丁烯、异戊二烯、甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)、混合低碳烯烃(轻汽油)、丁基橡胶及有机玻璃等化学品的重要原料。工业上高浓度的异丁烯主要用于生产聚异丁烯以及异戊二烯共聚生产丁基橡胶。与甲醇反应所得甲基叔丁基醚是优良的汽油添加剂,其聚合所得二聚物以及三聚物经加氢后是汽化器燃料的添加剂,也适用于做芳烃的烷基化原料,或经氧化、氨化等操作生产的精细化学品。
目前关于异丁烯的制备技术主要有以下五个方面:第一是甲基叔丁基醚裂解制异丁烯,是70年代开发的重要的生产异丁烯技术;第二是异丁醇脱水制异丁烯,北京化工大学研究人员在500℃焙烧拟薄水铝石得到Al2O3催化剂,并在固定床连续微反装置中得到较好的转化率和选择性;第三是叔丁醇制异丁烯,叔丁醇制异丁烯的反应原理为利用阳离子交换树脂上的H+进行异丁烯的水合反应,异丁烯催化水合生成叔丁醇,叔丁醇在低于150℃条件下,通过强酸性离子交换树脂催化床层,脱水生成高纯度的异丁烯;第四是异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯,中国石油大学(华东)化学工程学院以异丁烷为原料,在固定床微反实验装置上考察了其在Cr2O3/Al2O3脱氢催化剂和HZSM-5催化剂组成的混合催化剂上脱氢裂解,相比单纯的HZSM-5,异丁烯的转化率提高了21.22%;第五是目前用来自生物质能源的乙醇、乙酸制备异丁烯,能够缓解人类对于化石能源的严重依赖,王勇等人在(J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011,133, 11096–11099)中,用硬模板的方法制备的ZnxZryOz混合氧化物在乙醇转化制异丁烯中取得了高达83%的产率(以理论产率66.7%为基准),Yuriy Román-Leshkov等人在(ACSCatal. 2014, 4, 4196−4200)用溶胶-凝胶方法制备锌锆氧化物在乙酸转化制异丁烯中也取得了50%的产率,也就是理论最大产率的75%。伴随着人与自然、环境的和谐发展,异丁烯的生产和制备会逐渐向生物质能源转化方向发展。
目前关于生物质能源方面,乙酸是最丰富的有机酸之一,大约能够占到生物原油的12%,未经处理的生物原油对发动机、存储设备有相当大的腐蚀性,同时也会产生一些不必要的聚合反应,严重妨碍了生物原油的使用,所以从生物原油中提取乙酸用于制备异丁烯,既解决了乙酸存在的弊端问题,又创造了生产价值,是一条比较好的生物质发展路径。在生物质能源制备异丁烯方面,存在着诸多问题亟待解决,首先是这方面的研究目前相对较少,催化剂的制备比较复杂,其次氧化物催化剂不具有择形的功能,导致选择性较低,给后期产物的分离增加成本,综上所述,不易于工业放大生产。有关使用以稀土金属为活性组分的催化剂来生产异丁烯的技术未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种高效的用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂及其制备方法。本发明可以用来自生物质的乙酸制得高价值的异丁烯,并且获得比较高的选择性,解决了工业过程中各种物质分离难的问题。同时,本发明的催化剂载体和金属前驱体盐都廉价易得、催化剂制备工艺简单、稳定性良好,在适宜的条件下应用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的工艺中,具有优异的催化活性和选择性,易于再生利用,对于乙酸转化制异丁烯的工业应用具有广泛的应用。
以H-Beta分子筛为原料,一方面,该原料具有良好的水热稳定性,适合乙酸转化制备异丁烯反应;另一方面,该原料具有三维十二元环孔道的BEA结构,具有一定的择形性,使得在乙酸转化制备异丁烯的反应中,一些聚合生成的较大的副产物不能从孔道中扩散出来,能保证较高的异丁烯选择性,因此,具有良好的工业应用前景。
本发明提供的用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂是以H-Beta分子筛为载体,负载稀土金属活性组分Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd,以及Zr、Fe、Mn,优选Y;稀土金属活性组分的负载量分别为催化剂质量的2%-20%;优选15%;制备方法包括:
将H-Beta分子筛用浓硝酸处理,水洗,干燥,然后放入活性组分金属的硝酸盐溶液中加热浸渍,干燥后置于马弗炉中在空气的气氛下焙烧500-600℃,焙烧时间为3-6 h即可。
本发明提供的用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将摩尔比SiO2/Al2O3为28的H-Beta分子筛原粉首先在浓硝酸的条件下进行脱铝处理。酸处理条件为:搅拌下,80-120℃处理10-20h, 搅拌速率为500-1000转/分钟;
2)将酸处理后的分子筛进行减压抽滤,水洗至中性后, 80-120℃下干燥12-24小时;
3)按计量将金属的活性组分的硝酸盐溶解水中,加入上述酸处理后的H-Beta分子筛,搅拌3-6h后再加热蒸干,加热温度为80-120℃;
4)将上述浸渍蒸干的样品在80-120℃下干燥12-24小时;然后置于马弗炉中在空气的气氛下焙烧,焙烧温度为500-600℃,焙烧时间为3-6 h。
本发明提供的用于乙酸转化制异丁烯的催化剂的应用方法包括下述步骤:
1)按常规方法将上述制备方法得到的分子筛催化剂压片,用筛子筛出20-40目的催化剂,然后将其放入常压固定床上的石英反应管的恒温区先进行预处理后,预处理是以氮气为载气,载气流速为20-40ml/min,预处理温度为450-550℃,预处理时间为1-2h;
2)预处理结束后,将反应物乙酸用注射泵送入常压固定床中,在载气的吹扫下经气化室气化后进入石英反应管中,在催化床层进行反应,乙酸的质量空速为1g乙酸/g催化剂h,载气为氮气,载气流量为20-40ml/min;
4)产物用气相色谱进行在线分析。其中,气相色谱采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)和热导检测器(TCD)连用,色谱柱型号分别为Agilent HP-Plot/R (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25μm) 和TDX-01(3 mm×2 m),用甲烷进行FID和TCD关联。FID采用程序升温对目标产物进行分离,升温步骤如下:其实温度为60℃,以10℃/min的速率升温至200℃,保温4min;TCD采用恒温程序保持100℃。通过色谱工作站利用面积归一法求算原料的转化率和目标产物的选择性。固定床采用程序升温反应,分别采取300℃,350℃,400℃,450℃,500℃作为反应温度。
本发明提供的一种催化乙酸转化制异丁烯的催化剂在制备过程中首先要经过脱铝处理,即将H-Beta分子筛原粉放置于浓硝酸中,然后处理一定的时间,使分子筛全部脱铝,形成Si-OH窝。然后将上述酸处理的样品通过浸渍的方式引入一定含量的稀土金属的前驱体硝酸盐物种。最后将浸渍蒸干的上述混合物放置于通有空气的马弗炉中高温焙烧,最后得到需要的含稀土金属组分的H-Beta分子筛催化剂,该分子筛催化剂一方面进过脱铝处理后基本上无Bronsted酸中心,能够在一定程度上抑制积碳的形成,提高催化剂的寿命,并且经过脱铝后的分子筛也能取得较好的丙酮产率。引入稀土金属组分后,能够促进丙酮发生缩合反应并且发生裂化生成异丁烯,从而提高了催化剂的选择性。即本发明根据分子筛的择形性,选取了三维十二元环孔道结构的H-Beta分子筛催化剂作为载体,该载体的孔道大小适宜乙酸转化制备异丁烯的反应,有利于异丁烯的生成,选择性高达80%多(以理论产率66.7%为基准),实际产率约为53%。实践检验证明此催化剂能够大大提高乙酸转化制备异丁烯的选择性,降低了后期分离的成本,给工业生产提供了一个重要的参考。
本发明提供的一种催化乙酸转化制异丁烯的催化剂可以解决传统异丁烯制备工艺中催化剂制备过程复杂。
本发明催化剂酸性较弱,结构性能稳定,催化剂能在适宜的条件下用于催化乙酸转化制异丁烯反应。该催化剂制备过程简单并且成本低廉,催化工艺环保无污染,可在乙酸转化制备异丁烯的反应工艺中大规模推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的催化剂的XRD图。
图2为金属钇负载不同载体的反应活性图;(a):Y /Silicate-1; (b): Y/MCM-41(c): Y/Beta。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细、完整的说明。
实施例1:
本实施例以H-Beta催化剂为原粉,该催化剂的硅铝比(SiO2/Al2O3,摩尔比)为28,晶粒大小为100-300 nm。此外,XRD结果表明该催化剂具有良好的BEA结构,无杂晶存在(见图1)。
在Y-Beta的制备过程中,首先称取一定量的H-Beta原粉,在浓硝酸的条件下进行处理。酸处理条件为:将浓硝酸与H-Beta原粉置于三口烧瓶中混合,置于100℃油浴锅中加热冷凝回流搅拌20h。其中,H-Beta分子筛原粉与酸溶液的投料比为1:20(g/mL);
将步冷凝回流搅拌后的固液混合物充分冷却后,向其中加入去离子水稀释到一定的浓度,减压抽滤后,将所得的滤饼用大量的去离子水洗涤至中性,然后将其置于100℃的鼓风干燥箱中恒温干燥12h;
称取0.2305g六水硝酸钇前驱体硝酸盐(负载量为5%)置于烧杯中,加入40ml的水在磁力搅拌器上进行充分搅拌均匀;
称取上述酸处理后干燥得到的固体粉末,加入硝酸钇溶液中,在磁力搅拌器上充分搅拌均匀后,然后在水浴加热的磁力搅拌器上加热搅拌至蒸干,加热温度为80℃左右。
将浸渍蒸干的样品置于鼓风干燥箱中恒温12h,温度为80℃;然后放入通有空气的马弗炉中焙烧,焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧时间为6h。
将Y-Beta催化剂用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的使用方法包括下述步骤:
步骤1)压片:将上述方法制备得出的一定量的Y-Beta催化剂放在压片机上进行压制,然后用20-40目的筛子进行筛分,称量20-40目的催化剂0.2g;
步骤2)预处理:将步骤1)中称量好的催化剂放进常压固定床上的石英反应管中的恒温区,以氮气为载气进行预处理,氮气流量为30ml/min,预处理温度为450℃,预处理时间为1h;
步骤3)反应:将步骤2)中预处理好的催化剂降至所反应的温度,原料乙酸经注射泵在载气氮气下经气化室后进入石英反应管中,在催化床层进行反应,原料乙酸的质量空速1-8/h,载气氮气的流量为30ml/min,气化室温度为220℃;
步骤4)产物分析:产物用气相色谱进行在线分析。对于有机物质的检测,所用气相色谱为GC7890Ⅱ气相色谱仪,搭配FID检测器,毛细色谱柱型号为Agilent HP-PLOT/R。采用程序升温对产物进行分离,升温步骤如下:起始温度为60℃,然后以10℃/min的速率升温至130℃,保持1min,继续以10℃/min的速率升温至200℃,保持4min;对于CO2的检测,所用气相色谱为GC7890Ⅱ气相色谱仪,搭配TCD检测器,色谱柱型号为TDX-01,色谱保持100℃进行检测。用甲烷进行两个检测器关联,通过色谱工作站利用面积归一法求算原料的转化率和目标产物的选择性。固定床采用程序升温反应,分别采取300℃,350℃,400℃,450℃,500℃作为反应温度。
将六水硝酸钇换成其它金属的硝酸盐,实验过程同上,以下列出在450℃不同金属活性组分对乙酸转化制异丁烯工艺的影响,催化剂性能评价结果见表1:
表1 不同金属活性组分对乙酸转化制异丁烯工艺的影响
不同金属活性组分的催化剂催化性能评价结果表明,活性组分为稀土金属时,乙酸转化制备异丁烯的过程中,所产生的异丁烯的选择性,普遍比其它金属要高,其它非稀土活性组分评价该反应时,Zr/Beta、Fe/Beta、Mn/Beta也呈现出相当不错的活性,当然Y/Beta的活性最好,相当于理论产率的80%(理论产率为66.7%),实际产率为53.4%。
实施例2:
本实施例考察稀土金属Y负载在不同载体上对乙酸转化制备异丁烯的影响。
称取0.2305g六水硝酸钇前驱体硝酸盐(负载量为5%)置于烧杯中,加入40ml的水在磁力搅拌器上进行充分搅拌均匀;
称取1g同实施例1所述的制备的Si-Beta,加入硝酸钇溶液中,在磁力搅拌器上充分搅拌均匀后,然后在水浴加热的磁力搅拌器上加热搅拌至蒸干,加热温度为80℃左右。
将浸渍蒸干的样品置于鼓风干燥箱中恒温12h,温度为80℃;然后放入通有空气的马弗炉中焙烧,焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧时间为6h。
按上述方法换成载体Silicate-1和MCM-41制备另外两种催化剂。
将上述三种催化剂按实施例1所述的乙酸转化制备异丁烯的使用方法进行反应活性的评价。采用程序升温反应,分别采取300℃,350℃,400℃,450℃,500℃作为反应温度,质量空速为1/h,反应活性见图2:
催化剂的评价结果表明,稀土金属Y负载在Beta上可以取得较好的异丁烯的产率,可能是由于Beta分子筛的特有的限域效应,适合乙酸转化制备异丁烯。
实施例3:
本实施例在选定了活性组分Y,载体Si-Beta的基础上,考察了不同负载量对乙酸转化制备异丁烯性能的影响,其他反应条件同实施例1所述。催化性能评价见表:2:
表2 负载量对乙酸转化制异丁烯工艺的影响
催化性能评价结果表明,在不同负载量的稀土元素Y,发现异丁烯的产率先上升后下降,发现15wt%负载量的Y具有的最优的选择性,可生产更多的异丁烯。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂,其特征在于它是以H-Beta分子筛为载体,负载稀土金属活性组分Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd,以及Zr、Fe、Mn;金属活性组分的负载量分别为催化剂质量的2%-20%;制备方法包括:
将H-Beta分子筛用浓硝酸处理,水洗,干燥,然后放入活性组分金属的硝酸盐溶液中加热浸渍,干燥后置于马弗炉中在空气的气氛下焙烧500-600℃,焙烧时间为3-6 h即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述的稀土金属活性组分为Y。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述的活性组分的负载量分别为催化剂质量的15%。
4.权利要求1所述的用于乙酸转化制备异丁烯的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将摩尔比SiO2/Al2O3为28的H-Beta分子筛原粉首先在浓硝酸的条件下进行脱铝处理;
2)将酸处理后的分子筛进行减压抽滤,水洗至中性后, 80-120℃下干燥12-24小时;
3)按计量将金属的活性组分的硝酸盐溶解水中,加入上述酸处理后的H-Beta分子筛,搅拌3-6h后再加热蒸干,加热温度为80-120℃;
4)将上述浸渍蒸干的样品在80-120℃下干燥12-24小时;然后置于马弗炉中在空气的气氛下焙烧,焙烧温度为500-600℃,焙烧时间为3-6 h。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1)所述的酸处理条件为:搅拌下,80-120℃处理10-20h, 搅拌速率为500-1000转/分钟。
6.权利要求1所述的用于乙酸转化制异丁烯的催化剂的应用方法,其特征在于包括下述步骤:
1)按常规方法将上述制备方法得到的分子筛催化剂压片,用筛子筛出20-40目的催化剂,然后将其放入常压固定床上的石英反应管的恒温区先进行预处理后,预处理是以氮气为载气,载气流速为20-40ml/min,预处理温度为450-550℃,预处理时间为1-2h;
2)预处理结束后,将反应物乙酸用注射泵送入常压固定床中,在载气的吹扫下经气化室气化后进入石英反应管中,在催化床层进行反应,乙酸的质量空速为1g乙酸/g催化剂h,载气为氮气,载气流量为20-40ml/min;
3)产物用气相色谱进行在线分析。
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