CN108095054B - 一种减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊制剂及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括:制备胶囊芯粉,包括步骤:制备慢消化淀粉,用慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物包埋复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂制备淀粉包埋物,向淀粉包埋物添加阻糖排毒素制得胶囊芯粉;制备胶囊颗粒,包括:使用黏合剂、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉配制涂覆浆料,使用上述浆料涂覆胶囊芯粉制得胶囊颗粒;制备囊壳并灭菌组装。本发明植物性胶囊制剂适合于高血糖患者和肥胖人群在内的各种人群食用,用以减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收,具有良好的市场价值和工业化生产潜力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可食用的植物性胶囊制剂及其制备方法,更具体地涉及一种可减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊制剂及其制备方法,属于食品补充剂和降血糖食品技术领域。
背景技术
碳水化合物是人体最为主要的热量来源,在食物中主要是淀粉形式存在,例如存在于米饭、馒头、面包、蛋糕、粥等各种形式的主食和糕点中。淀粉在人体内消化后,主要以葡萄糖的形式被吸收,为组织和器官提供能量。葡萄糖是人体细胞的重要能量来源,食物在消耗和随后的消化以后,葡萄糖释放到胃肠道中,迅速和有效地被肠腔吸收。这通常会提高血液中的葡萄糖浓度,称为餐后葡萄糖响应(PPGR)。为了使细胞功能活动正常,葡萄糖的浓度开始增加时,通过胰腺释放胰岛素,促进葡萄糖转运到细胞中并利用葡萄糖形成糖原,从而使血液葡萄糖水平迅速降低到正常水平。但是,肥胖的人、代谢综合症患者、糖尿病患者或胰岛素抗性的人,即使在消耗少量的食物后,也表现出高餐后葡萄糖响应。长期时间后会引起严重的健康问题,例如心血管系统的问题(例如高血压、动脉粥样硬化、外周组织供血不足、中风、心脏病突发等等)和肾的问题(不正常的肾小球滤过率)、及大量的其他相关疾病。另外,健康人群血糖经常高过正常值时,就易患糖尿病。
在糖尿病的治疗中,饮食疗法能够有效的控制减少和延缓并发症的发生,远离大米和小麦等面点成为不得已的选择。但对饮食的控制容易造成饥饿感甚至营养不良。另外,在主食摄入缺乏的前提下,摄入过量的脂肪和蛋白质也会导致血糖过高,进而引发代谢紊乱和体质下降。
许多研究都在致力于降低餐后葡萄糖响应方面。现有技术己提出了许多方法诱导低PPGR。例如,提出了食用纤维,例如包括树胶或果胶在内的粘性纤维。然而摄入纤维过量时容易导致胃肠胀气、失去食欲和便秘。
另外,慢消化淀粉及其制品也逐渐成为长时间提供低葡萄糖的碳水化合物类来源。慢消化淀粉,指那些能在小肠中被完全消化吸收但速度较慢的淀粉;其中,慢消化淀粉呈部分结晶的网状结构,具有低的溶胀程度,并在消化过程中水解速率近似恒定。慢消化淀粉具有缓慢消化吸收、持续释放能量、维持餐后血糖稳态、改善葡萄糖耐量,还可降低餐后胰岛素分泌,提高机体对胰岛素的敏感性、预防和治疗各种与饮食相关慢性疾病的特殊生理学功能。
US 6,890,571公开了缓慢消化淀粉作为长时间提供葡萄糖的糖类的用途,例如用于治疗高血糖、胰岛素抗性、胰岛素分泌过多症、血脂异常、纤维蛋白溶解异常和肥胖。根据US 6,890,571所述的慢消化淀粉至少90%被酶催化去分支。
CN102258966A公开了一种微胶囊慢消化淀粉的制备方法,所述方法的步骤为:将醇溶蛋白放于烧杯中,加入乙醇,水浴搅拌至醇溶蛋白完全溶解,加入油酸,搅拌均匀,加入玉米淀粉,继续搅拌。在高压均质机中均质3次,离心喷雾干燥得到产品。所制备的微胶囊慢消化淀粉产品呈粉末状,淀粉微胶囊良好,口感良好,慢消化淀粉的含量大于50%。所述方法可在淀粉颗粒表面加上保护性微胶囊膜,延缓水的浸润而使淀粉的糊化难以进行从而慢消化,同时,淀粉表面的微胶囊改善了淀粉的口感品质,使淀粉产品可以直接食用。
CN101518306A公开了应用普鲁兰酶对原淀粉进行酶法改性处理,使淀粉的结晶度改善并可被控制的缓慢消化淀粉的制备方法。包括原料淀粉配制、加入普鲁兰酶进行酶解、灭酶、冷却、冷藏、离心、烘干、粉碎、过筛等步骤。该方法是一种新型功能性食品原料-缓慢消化淀粉的酶法制备技术。
CN105348397A公开一种化学结合酶法高效制备热稳定型慢消化淀粉的方法,以蜡质玉米为原料,制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)酸解处理;(2)洗涤干燥;(3)加热预糊化处理;(4)淀粉蔗糖酶处理;(5)洗涤,压热处理,4℃保藏;(6)冷冻干燥。所述方法克服了蜡质玉米淀粉在高浓度条件下粘度高、酶反应效率低的缺陷,制备出的慢消化淀粉热稳定性好,可以作为食品加工的原辅料再次进行热加工处理,因此产品具有广阔的市场前景,是一种新型的、简单的、高效的、安全的热稳定型慢消化淀粉制备方法。
然而,用慢消化淀粉代替淀粉的方法一方面容易导致额外的经济负担,尤其是目前无论是餐馆还是家庭中都很少储备大量的慢消化淀粉作为普通淀粉或面粉的代替;另一方面,直接实用口感差,而且慢消化淀粉普遍存在热稳定性问题,不利于热加工环境操作。
因此,在目前的餐饮环境中,存在一种迫切的需求,即开发一种基于天然产物的膳食补充剂,使其能够在正常饮食结构中作为补充剂减少膳食中糖分的消化和吸收,并进一步使得高血糖患者或肥胖人群能够和正常人具备相同的食谱。其中,胶囊制品具有体积小、携带方便、无需冲调等特点,具备优越的便利性。
目前,现有技术中存在多种能够降低血糖的天然产物,例如各种植物提取物。具体地例如,葛根提取物,葛根富含人体必需的氨基酸及铁、钙、硒、锌等人体必需的微量元素,其主要保健功能成分物质是葛根素、大豆甙元-葡萄糖甙、甲氧基葛根素、大豆甙和大豆甙元等异黄酮类化合物具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压等功效。另外,白芸豆提取物-淀粉阻断剂(又称芸豆蛋白),也是一种降低血糖的重要物质,其是从白芸豆中提取的天然成分,不含任何对人体有害的药物成。直接食用未经煮熟的白芸豆具有一定的毒性,然而从中提取的淀粉阻断剂对人体无任何副作用,是一种有效控制碳水化合物热量的工具,美国FDA已经批准可作为食品辅助剂。淀粉阻断剂的作用机理是能与肠道中的α-淀粉酶结合,使α-淀粉酶无法切断淀粉,从而使得大部分的淀粉会以完整的分子形态通过消化系统,排出体外,不释放任何热量,降低人们身体对淀粉的分解吸收率。从而起到降血糖、降血脂、降血压等诸多效果。但是,这些各种各样的提取物不仅价格昂贵、消费者难以选择,而且往往具有异常气味、口感苦涩难以下咽等各种缺点。
糖分阻断剂是延缓肠道对碳水化合物的吸收速度,减轻碳水化合物对血糖冲击的一类物质统称,目前可商购获得多种糖分阻断剂。其可以是葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂包括阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、L-阿拉伯糖,也可以是市售的糖分阻断剂成品,例如奥罗黎糖分阻断剂。其中,阿卡波糖主要是通过竞争性地与小肠上皮细胞表面上的α-葡萄糖苷酶结合,L-阿拉伯糖能够抑制蔗糖水解酶活性。而奥罗黎糖分阻断剂被广泛应用于欧美产品中,其主要来源于多种天然萃取植物原料,临床验证能有效抑制β-葡萄糖酶对葡萄糖的分解转化和吸收,于食用甜品之前服用,能有效避免糖分过量摄入。
阻糖排毒素(Fibersol-2)是一种特殊的膳食纤维,其被日本厚生劳动省认定为“特定保健用食品素材”,到2004年为止,厚生劳动省认定的特定保健用食品已经超过数百种,其中的14%的商品都有使用Fibersol-2。食物进入人体后被分解成葡萄糖和多种生命物质,阻糖排毒素对消化后生成的葡萄糖进行选择性吸收和抑制,使大量的葡萄糖不参与吸收,直接排除体外。同时,其他营养物质和所需蛋白质等被保留下来。纠正了普通“阻消吸收”易引发并发症的缺点,彻底打破普通膳食纤维,单纯延缓食物在胃内滞留时间的方法,有效改善因饮食引起的餐后血糖升高。同时它对脂质代谢也具有改善效果,降低肥胖风险。但是阻糖排毒素和糖分阻断剂商品不仅价格昂贵,而且往往组分单一,导致功效也单一,例如阿卡波糖仅能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶,L-阿拉伯糖仅能抑制蔗糖水解酶活性等,造成整体降糖效果不佳。
如上所述,为克服现有技术中降糖食品或膳食补充剂的弊端,本发明旨在提供一种不影响正常饮食的、具有良好口感的、天然来源的且可在体内减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的膳食补充剂,这对所有人群尤其对于糖尿病患者和肥胖症患者具有非常重要的意义,可以极大地提高和改善上述人群的生活质量。
本发明的创新主要在于,提供的胶囊状膳食补充剂,针对胃肠消化道特点,合理组合搭配各种组份并构建分层次释放体系,使各种有益组份充分在胃肠系统中持续作用。具体地说,本发明所采取的独特胶囊制剂,芯材和囊材均具备抑血糖相关的独特作用,其中胶囊内含缓释颗粒,一方面长时间地持续降低淀粉类碳水化合物的分解和吸收,使进食后血糖不会发生急剧升高,能够很好地平滑血糖浓度;另一方面时所采用的植物提取物,天然无毒副作用,不仅可在餐前作为膳食补充剂降低因进食后血糖波动,也可在平时服用以抑制糖尿病患者的高血糖浓度。
发明内容
基于开发新的可减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的膳食补充剂及其制备方法之目的,本发明人进行了大量的深入研发,在付出了大量的创造性劳动和经过深入研究探索后,从而完成了本发明。
具体而言,本发明主要涉及如下几个方面。
第一个方面,本发明提供了一种可减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊制剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
B.制备胶囊芯粉,包括步骤:
(A1):制备慢消化淀粉;
(A2):用上述慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物包埋复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂,从而制备淀粉包埋物;其中,所述复合植物提取物至少包含按重量计30%以上的匙羹藤酸或匙羹藤提取物;
(A3):向步骤A2制备的淀粉包埋物添加阻糖排毒素,从而制得胶囊芯粉;
B.制备胶囊颗粒,包括步骤:
(B1):使用黏合剂、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉配制涂覆浆料,所述黏合剂包含明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素;
(B2):使用上述浆料均匀涂覆步骤A中制备的胶囊芯粉,从而制得胶囊颗粒;
C.制备囊壳并灭菌组装,包括步骤:
使用步骤A1制备的慢消化淀粉制备胶囊壳材,并与步骤B制备的胶囊颗粒灭菌组装成所述的植物性胶囊制剂。
其中,在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,所述步骤(A1)具体如下:
(1)淀粉糊化处理:室温下将普通淀粉加入到蒸馏水中,配制成重量百分比浓度为10-30%的淀粉乳液,加入0.5mol/L的醋酸水溶液静置酸解90min,离心收集沉淀,水洗,真空干燥得到酸解淀粉;将所得酸解淀粉加水配制成重量百分比浓度为20-40%的淀粉乳液,充分搅拌溶解,调pH为6-7.5,然后在灭菌锅中蒸煮60分钟,然后自然冷却至室温,得到糊化淀粉乳液;其中,所述普通淀粉选自银杏淀粉、魔芋淀粉、葛根淀粉、玉米淀粉中的至少一种;淀粉与酸的比例为100(g):0.3-1(mol)。
(2)糊化淀粉酶解处理:向所述糊化淀粉乳液中加入用量为300~400U/g淀粉的淀粉酶,调节体系的pH值为6-7,然后在45-50℃下振荡酶解3小时;沸水浴使酶失活,再加入用量为300U/g淀粉的普鲁兰酶,调pH值为5-7,然后在55℃下振荡酶解5小时,结束后高温灭酶,并自然冷却至室温,得到酶解产物,高速离心,收集沉淀,用蒸馏水洗涤,鼓风干燥12小时,粉碎过200目筛,即得慢消化淀粉。
在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,所述步骤(A2)具体如下:将上述慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物(质量比为2:1)、复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂按照1:(0.1-0.3):0.1的质量比加入到蒸馏水中(蒸馏水质量为上述材料总质量的3倍),并充分搅拌或震荡溶解2-3小时,高压均质使其混合均匀,喷雾干燥后进一步真空干燥,从而得到淀粉包埋物颗粒;其中,所述复合植物提取物选自巴西莓提取物、白芸豆提取物、森林匙羹藤提取物和葛根素中的至少两种;所述糖分阻断剂选自阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、L-阿拉伯糖中的至少一种,或市售糖分阻断剂成品,例如奥罗黎糖分阻断剂。
优选地,所述复合植物提取物至少包含森林匙羹藤提取物或匙羹藤酸,进一步优选地,至少包含按重量计30%以上的匙羹藤酸或匙羹藤提取物;所述糖分阻断剂选自阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、L-阿拉伯糖、奥罗黎糖分阻断剂中的至少两种。
其中,巴西莓提取物为棕榈科植物阿萨伊棕榈树的新鲜果实提取物,内含的酵基解酶素在人体碳水化合物过度摄取情况下起有益作用。白芸豆提取物是从北美白芸豆中提取,具备“淀粉阻断剂”或“碳水化合物阻断剂”作用,能够抑制α-淀粉酶对淀粉的消化作用。葛根素(Puerarin)提取自葛根,主要为单体异黄酮化合物。
匙羹藤提取物主要为匙羹藤酸,可抑制小肠吸收葡萄糖。匙羹藤又称武靴藤、羊角藤、金刚藤,系萝摩科植物。匙羹藤提取物主要由总三萜皂苷(如匙羹藤酸)、黄酮苷、花色素、多糖等成分组成。近年来,研究发现其具有降血糖、抑制甜味反应等作用。还可以抑制吃甜食的欲望、抑制身体对糖的吸收,降低血糖,改善胰岛素的分泌量。
上述植物提取物均可商购得到或采用本领域现有技术中的普通方法制备,所述复合植物提取物之间的各自比例为任意配比。
在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,所述步骤(A3)具体如下:室温下按照1:(0.3-0.8)(以淀粉包埋物质量为1计算)的质量比向步骤A2制备的淀粉包埋物颗粒中添加阻糖排毒素Fibersol-2,充分混合均匀,制得胶囊芯粉。
在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,所述步骤(B1)-(B2)具体如下:B1:按质量比10:1:5混合明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素,加入5倍质量的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀制得黏合剂溶液;按照黏合剂溶液、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉质量比为100:(10-20):(15-30)的比例向黏合剂溶液中加入淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,充分搅拌混匀,制得涂覆浆料;B2:使用所述涂覆浆料均匀喷涂到翻滚搅拌的所述步骤A中制备的胶囊芯粉表面,均匀搅拌,真空干燥,从而制得胶囊颗粒。
其中,涂覆浆料的用量以能够均匀喷涂全部的胶囊芯粉为准,例如以等质量比比例。
在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉是被国家批准的用于食品的改性淀粉添加剂,稳定性高,抗老化性能强,其粘性高于普通淀粉,适用于黏合,另外也是目前最适合微胶囊化的壁材,适合对颗粒物料进行包埋处理。因此本发明中将其用作微胶囊化壁材和黏合辅料,增强了胶囊颗粒的分散均匀性和稳定性。
在本发明所述植物性胶囊的制备方法中,所述步骤(C)具体如下:
将普通淀粉或明胶替换为本发明所述的慢消化淀粉,按照本领域常规的胶囊生产工艺制备含慢消化淀粉的植物性软胶囊或硬胶囊壳,并与步骤B制备的胶囊颗粒灭菌组装成所述的植物性胶囊制剂。其中,优选地,该步骤中所述慢消化淀粉可混合同等质量的辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,以增加胶囊皮的粘性和老化稳定性。
第二个方面,本发明涉及通过上述制备方法制得的植物性胶囊制剂,其可以是软胶囊,也可以是硬胶囊。
第三个方面,本发明涉及一种减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊,所述胶囊包括:被慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物包埋复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂形成的淀粉包埋物芯粉,所述复合植物提取物至少包含按重量计30%以上的匙羹藤酸或匙羹藤提取物;阻糖排毒素;淀粉阻断剂;含有慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物的胶囊壳材。
第四个方面,本发明涉及包含上述植物性胶囊的用法,其可以餐前服用以平滑血糖升高速度,也可以平时定时服用,以减少正常膳食结构中糖分的消化和吸收。
综上所述,本发明通过特定的特定的组份选择和颗粒结构等多个因素的综合协同效果,使得植物性胶囊制剂具有显著的减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的优异性能,胶囊稳定性好,保存期长。另外,本发明独创胶囊颗粒和壳材结构,食用后能够较长时间地在胃肠环境缓释,持续地作用,从而为各类人群尤其是高血糖人群和肥胖人群的正常饮食结构提供了安全的血糖水平保障,具有良好的应用前景和市场潜力。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的制备例和实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但这些例举性实施方式的用途和目的仅用来例举本发明,并非对本发明的实际保护范围构成任何形式的任何限定,更非将本发明的保护范围局限于此。
实施例1:制备慢消化淀粉
(1)淀粉糊化处理:室温下将银杏淀粉加入到蒸馏水中,配制成重量百分比浓度为20%的淀粉乳液,加入0.5mol/L的醋酸水溶液静置酸解90min,离心收集沉淀,水洗,真空干燥得到酸解淀粉;将所得酸解淀粉加水配制成重量百分比浓度为40%的淀粉乳液,充分搅拌溶解,调pH为7,然后在灭菌锅中蒸煮60分钟,然后自然冷却至室温,得到糊化淀粉乳液;淀粉与酸的用量比例为100(g):0.5(mol);
(2)糊化淀粉的酶解处理:向上述制备得到的糊化淀粉乳液中加入用量为300U/g淀粉的淀粉酶,调节体系的pH值为6,然后在50℃下振荡酶解3小时;沸水浴使酶失活,再加入用量为300U/g淀粉的普鲁兰酶,调pH值为5,然后在55℃下振荡酶解5小时,结束后高温灭酶,并自然冷却至室温,得到酶解产物,高速离心,收集沉淀,用蒸馏水洗涤,鼓风干燥12小时,粉碎过200目筛,即得慢消化淀粉。
实施例2:植物性胶囊的制备(一)
(1)将实施例1制备得到的慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物(质量分别为200g,100g)、复合植物提取物(内含30g匙羹藤酸、10g葛根素、10g巴西莓提取物、10g白芸豆提取物)和30g糖分阻断剂(由等质量比的阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、L-阿拉伯糖、奥罗黎糖分阻断剂构成)加入到蒸馏水中(蒸馏水质量为上述材料总质量的3倍),并充分搅拌或震荡溶解3小时,高压均质使其混合均匀,喷雾干燥,再进一步真空干燥,从而得到淀粉包埋物颗粒;
(2)室温下向淀粉包埋物颗粒中添加阻糖排毒素Fibersol-2,阻糖排毒素加入量为淀粉包埋物颗粒质量的40%,充分混合均匀,制得胶囊芯粉;
(3)按质量比10:1:5混合明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素,加入5倍质量的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀制得黏合剂溶液1000g;向制备的黏合剂溶液中加入淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,其中黏合剂溶液、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉质量比为100:10:15,充分搅拌混匀,制得涂覆浆料;使用所述涂覆浆料均匀喷涂到翻滚搅拌的胶囊芯粉表面,充分喷涂,均匀搅拌,真空干燥,从而制得胶囊颗粒;
(4)使用实施例1所制备的慢消化淀粉混合同等质量的辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,充分均质,代替常规胶囊组分中的淀粉或明胶,按照普通胶囊生产工艺制备含慢消化淀粉的植物性软胶囊或硬胶囊壳,并与上述步骤制备的胶囊颗粒经灭菌组装成植物性胶囊制剂。
实施例3:植物性胶囊的制备(二)
(1)将实施例1制备得到的慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物(质量分别为400g,200g)、复合植物提取物(内含30g匙羹藤酸、20g葛根素、25g巴西莓提取物、25g白芸豆提取物)和60g糖分阻断剂(由30g阿卡波糖、10g L-阿拉伯糖、20g伏格列波糖构成)加入到蒸馏水中(蒸馏水质量为上述材料总质量的3倍),并充分搅拌或震荡溶解3小时,高压均质使其混合均匀,喷雾干燥,再进一步真空干燥,从而得到淀粉包埋物颗粒;
(2)室温下向制备的淀粉包埋物颗粒中添加阻糖排毒素Fibersol-2,阻糖排毒素加入量为淀粉包埋物颗粒质量的50%,充分混合均匀,制得胶囊芯粉;
(3)按质量比10:1:5混合明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素,加入5倍质量的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀制得黏合剂溶液2000g;向制备的黏合剂溶液中加入淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,其中黏合剂溶液、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉质量比为100:10:20,充分搅拌混匀,制得涂覆浆料;使用所述涂覆浆料均匀喷涂到翻滚搅拌的胶囊芯粉表面,充分喷涂,均匀搅拌,真空干燥,从而制得胶囊颗粒;
(4)使用实施例1所制备的慢消化淀粉代替常规胶囊组分中的淀粉,按照普通胶囊生产工艺制备含慢消化淀粉的植物性软胶囊或硬胶囊壳,并与上述步骤制备的胶囊颗粒经灭菌组装成植物性胶囊制剂。
实施例4:植物性胶囊制剂抑制血糖浓度测试
以Wistar大鼠作为实验动物(每组各10只,雌雄各半),利用灌胃大鼠口服葡萄糖淀粉混合溶液(含15%葡萄糖,20%淀粉)制作血糖升高的模型,1min后灌胃各胶囊组分及对照组分,具体如下分组:
实验A组:分别灌胃实施例2制得的胶囊颗粒混悬液(喂饲量为200mg胶囊粉/100g体重)。
实验B组:分别灌胃实施例3(含较少的匙羹藤酸提取物)制得的胶囊颗粒混悬液(喂饲量为200mg胶囊粉/100g体重)。。
空白组:分别灌胃蒸馏水。
对照组:分别灌胃淀粉阻断剂(喂饲量为wt%乘以200mg胶囊粉/100g体重,wt%为淀粉阻断剂在胶囊粉中的质量百分比)。
其中,上述每组大鼠所有的血糖测试结果均取平均值,测量各组的血糖初始值(空腹时),并在喂饲高糖饮食后分时间段分别测量升高后的血糖值。所述测量方法为:使用快速血糖仪检测鼠尾末梢静脉全血中葡萄糖浓度。
结果见下表。
由此可见,饲喂高糖饮食后的空白组大鼠血糖浓度快速升高,而实验组血糖升高幅度显著降低。说明本发明的植物性胶囊可以有效地减少膳食中的碳水化合物和糖分的释放与吸收,能够很好地抑制并平滑膳食后的体内血糖升高,由于糖分阻断剂的存在,摄食后血糖升高缓慢并且很快降低到正常水平。值得注意的是,实验证明,匙羹藤酸的量对血糖抑制具有比较显著地影响,这可能是由于相对于其他植物提取物,匙羹藤酸对抑制小肠吸收葡萄糖具有优异效果。
另外,本发明中的含有慢消化淀粉的囊壳,能够一定程度上避免胶囊在进入肠道前或肠道时快速崩解,其能够同步伴随碳水化合物和糖分的分解吸收,并在整个肠道消化中起到了持续的缓释作用。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种抑制淀粉的释放与吸收、平衡血糖的葛根代餐粉及其制备方法,以及涉及本发明代餐粉的食品。通过特定方法制备得到的所述慢消化淀粉,结合独特的其它组份和独特的制备方法,从而可得到具有优异性能的代餐粉及其制品,非常适合于高血糖例如糖尿病患者和肥胖人群的膳食部分代替或补充,从而具有良好的经济价值和工业化生产潜力。
应当理解,这些实施例的用途仅用于说明本发明而非意欲限制本发明的保护范围。此外,也应理解,在阅读了本发明的技术内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动、修改和/或变型,所有的这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种可减少膳食中糖分消化和吸收的植物性胶囊制剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
A.制备胶囊芯粉,包括步骤:
(A1):制备慢消化淀粉;
(A2):用上述慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物包埋复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂,从而制备淀粉包埋物;其中,所述复合植物提取物至少包含按重量计30%以上的匙羹藤酸或匙羹藤提取物;
(A3):向步骤A2制备的淀粉包埋物添加阻糖排毒素,从而制得胶囊芯粉;
B.制备胶囊颗粒,包括步骤:
(B1):使用黏合剂、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉配制涂覆浆料,所述黏合剂包含明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素;
(B2):使用上述浆料均匀涂覆步骤A中制备的胶囊芯粉,从而制得胶囊颗粒;
C.制备囊壳并灭菌组装,包括:使用步骤A1制备的慢消化淀粉制备胶囊壳材,并与步骤B制备的胶囊颗粒灭菌组装成所述的植物性胶囊制剂;
其中,所述步骤(A1)具体包括如下步骤:
(1)淀粉糊化处理:室温下将普通淀粉加入到蒸馏水中,配制成重量百分比浓度为10-30%的淀粉乳液,加入0.5mol/L的醋酸水溶液静置酸解90min,离心收集沉淀,水洗,真空干燥得到酸解淀粉;将所得酸解淀粉加水配制成重量百分比浓度为20-40%的淀粉乳液,充分搅拌溶解,调pH为6-7.5,然后在灭菌锅中蒸煮60分钟,然后自然冷却至室温,得到糊化淀粉乳液;其中,所述普通淀粉选自银杏淀粉、魔芋淀粉、葛根淀粉、玉米淀粉中的至少一种;淀粉与酸的比例为100(g):0.3-1(mol);
(2)糊化淀粉酶解处理:向所述糊化淀粉乳液中加入用量为300~400U/g淀粉的淀粉酶,调节体系的pH值为6-7,然后在45-50℃下振荡酶解3小时;沸水浴使酶失活,再加入用量为300U/g淀粉的普鲁兰酶,调pH值为5-7,然后在55℃下振荡酶解5小时,结束后高温灭酶,并自然冷却至室温,得到酶解产物,高速离心,收集沉淀,用蒸馏水洗涤,鼓风干燥12小时,粉碎过200目筛,即得慢消化淀粉;
其中,所述步骤(A2)包括如下步骤:将慢消化淀粉和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉混合物、复合植物提取物和糖分阻断剂按照1:(0.1-0.3):0.1的质量比加入到蒸馏水中,并充分搅拌或震荡溶解2-3小时,高压均质使其混合均匀,喷雾干燥后进一步真空干燥,从而得到淀粉包埋物颗粒;其中,所述复合植物提取物选自巴西莓提取物、白芸豆提取物、森林匙羹藤提取物和葛根素中的至少两种,且至少包含按重量计30%以上的匙羹藤酸或匙羹藤提取物;所述糖分阻断剂选自阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、L-阿拉伯糖或市售糖分阻断剂成品中的至少一种;
其中,所述步骤(A3)具体如下:室温下按照1:(0.3-0.8)的质量比向步骤A2制备的淀粉包埋物颗粒中添加阻糖排毒素Fibersol-2,充分混合均匀,制得胶囊芯粉;
其中,所述步骤(B1)-(B2)具体如下:B1:按质量比10:1:5的比例混合明胶、海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素,加入5倍质量的蒸馏水,搅拌均匀制得黏合剂溶液;按照黏合剂溶液、淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉质量比为100:(10-20):(15-30)的比例,向黏合剂溶液中加入淀粉阻断剂和辛烯基琥珀酸酯化淀粉,充分搅拌混匀,制得涂覆浆料;B2:使用所述涂覆浆料均匀喷涂到翻滚搅拌的所述步骤A中制备的胶囊芯粉表面,均匀搅拌,真空干燥,从而制得胶囊颗粒;
其中,所述步骤(C)具体如下:将慢消化淀粉按照本领域常规的胶囊生产工艺制备含慢消化淀粉的植物性软胶囊或硬胶囊壳,并与步骤B制备的胶囊颗粒灭菌组装成所述的植物性胶囊制剂。
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