CN1080845C - 具有两个固定接头和分离滑动装置的恒速连接轴 - Google Patents

具有两个固定接头和分离滑动装置的恒速连接轴 Download PDF

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CN1080845C
CN1080845C CN98123230A CN98123230A CN1080845C CN 1080845 C CN1080845 C CN 1080845C CN 98123230 A CN98123230 A CN 98123230A CN 98123230 A CN98123230 A CN 98123230A CN 1080845 C CN1080845 C CN 1080845C
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constant speed
internals
axle journal
jack shaft
joint
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CN1220353A (zh
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沃纳·雅各
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GKN Driveline Deutschland GmbH
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GKN Loebro GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/02Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
    • F16D3/06Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
    • F16D3/065Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement by means of rolling elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22323Attachments to the shaft of the inner joint member whereby the attachments are distanced from the core
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

Abstract

一种恒速连接轴具有第一和第二恒速固定接头以及一中间轴。所述中间轴包括一插接套筒,该套筒内通过若干个球体接配了一插接轴颈。插接轴颈和中间轴上设有形状相同的插入部分,这些插入部分被接纳在两个恒速固定接头的内部构件的接配孔内。采用这种设计结构,可以提供这样一种恒速连接轴,其两个恒速固定接头可以在相当大的程度上用相同的零部件来组装。

Description

具有两个固定接头和分离滑动装置的恒速连接轴
本发明涉及一种恒速连接轴,它具有第一和第二恒速固定接头,该两接头均包括一带有外滑槽的外部构件和一带有内滑槽的内部构件,在这两个构件之间布置有一个用以引导与成对的外滑槽和内滑槽相配合的若干个球体的保持架,外部构件上设有第一连接装置,内部构件上设有第二连接装置,所述恒速连接轴还具有一滑动组件,该组件包括一连接于第一恒速接头之内部构件的滑动轴颈和一连接于中间轴的滑套,在该两构件之间布置有配合在凹槽内的滚动接触元件,所述中间轴连接于第二恒速固定接头的内部构件。
DE4419373揭示了一种恒速连接轴,其中的滑动轴颈是与第一恒速固定接头的内部构件一体成形,在第二恒速构件的内部构件上形成有一轴颈。中间轴借助一第一部分牢牢地定位在第二恒速固定接头之内部构件的轴颈上。在中间轴的另一端带有滑套。这种实施方式的缺点在于,两个恒速固定接头的内部构件必须具有不同的结构设计。这样就导致成本升高,特别是对制造内部构件的工具而言。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种能以合理的成本来生产的恒速连接轴。
本发明的目的是这样来实现的,即:两个恒速固定接头的内部构件包括相同的接配孔,在中间轴的远离滑套的那一端以及在滑动轴颈的从滑套凸伸出的那一端分别设置有一个插入部分,这两个部分是设计成与所述的两个接配孔相配合。
这种实施方式的优点在于,除了外部构件的连接结构之外,用于恒速连接轴的恒速固定接头的其余部分都可以采用相同的设计。这样所获得的优点在于,与包括一轴颈的已有技术的内部构件相比,内部构件的变形程度可大大降低,这是因为通常可以采用由无屑成形法制造的内部构件,从而将生产成本维持在一较低水平上,并可达到较高的重复加工精度。中间轴最好是制成管状轴的形式,并包括滑套。插入部分的壁厚大于处在插入部分和设计成滑套的那部分之间的区域内的壁厚部分。这样一种中间轴可以通过例如锻造之类的加工手段来从一管子开始加工,直至最终成形。
此外,建议将滑动轴颈也做成管状,以使变形力保持尽可能低。带有凹槽的滑动轴颈和插入部分区域内的齿也可以用锻造的方式来加工。为了能分别在内部构件、滑动轴颈的插入部分和中间轴之间获得转动的快捷连接,在这些构件和部分上分别设置有平行于内部构件纵轴线的齿。
如果两个恒速固定接头的外部构件分别借助一构成支承面的空心球面连接于一支承元件,所述支承面用于支承一圆盘形压制元件的球形压制面,那么就可获得恒速接头轴的一个特别有利的实施例。所述圆盘形压制元件的边缘上具有一平的端面,内部构件通过一平的端面支承在该端面上,而且内部构件的纵轴线垂直于后者的平的端面。内部构件由设置在一保持架内的各球体来保持与外部构件的对中。所述保持架通过一中空球面支承在内部构件的球形外表面上。保持架与外部构件之间没有接触。由于在对准的状态下,从连接于支承元件的恒速固定接头端开始,内滑槽和外滑槽沿着纵轴线都具有一窄的截面,所以内部构件在压制元件的作用下沿着通过接头关节中心点的纵向轴线与外部构件对中。由于以这种方式设计和布置了压制元件,所以能为接配孔选择一个相对较大的直径。只需要确保在内滑槽的下方沿径向有足够的材料,以便进行力矩的传递。德国专利申请19751493.6中要求保护以上粗略描述的恒速固定接头,并对其作更详细的描述。
附图中示出了本发明的一个较佳实施例,下面将结合附图对其进行描述。
本发明的恒速连接轴由两个恒速固定接头1、1’和一个带有插入组件的中间轴14组成。图中所示的恒速连接轴可用于驱动汽车的后轮,例如,将恒速固定接头1通过下文将要描述的连接装置连接于车辆的后轮差动器,以及将恒速固定接头1’通过下文地将要描述的连接装置连接于汽车后轮轮毂来实现驱动。两个恒速固定接头1、1’的设计结构基本上完全相同。这对本发明而言是非常重要的,下面也将详细描述具有不同设计的构件。为了更清楚地描述,单个部件的标号有时标在恒速固定接头1、1’中的一个上,有时标在其中的另一个上。两个恒速固定接头1、1’均包括一薄壁金属板形式的外部构件2。构件2的内表面上设有多个绕构件2的纵向轴线沿周向分布的外滑槽3,其在子午面内延伸,并从与构成连接装置的法兰4和连接轴颈相关的开口端开始,以一种无切槽的方式延伸。这意味着,在离开法兰4的方向上,外滑槽3的轨基点(track base)接近部构件2的纵轴线。在剖视图中,金属板形式的外部构件2的壁部包括将外滑槽3布置于其中的凸起。在每一外部构件2的空腔内容纳有一内部构件5。内部构件的外表面上布置有内滑槽6,其与外滑槽相对应地沿周向分布。内滑槽6包括一从内部构件的纵轴线开始,分别从法兰4和连接轴颈延伸开来的轨基点。从法兰4上取下的内部构件5的外表面是一球面,保持架8以其球面的内表面支承在该球面上。保持架8上设有与成对的外滑槽3和内滑槽6相对应的沿周向分布的窗口,每个窗口内均放置有一个从所述窗口沿径向向外和向内超出保持架8的球体9,这些球体分别与外滑槽3和内滑槽6相配合,以便传递力矩。由于外滑槽3和内滑槽6的上述走向,球体9在分别向法兰4和连接轴颈传递力矩的过程中对保持架8施加一个力,这个力使保持架8与内部构件5保持接触。保持架8的外表面与外部构件2的内表面之间没有接触。借助各球体9,内部构件5沿着外部构件2的纵向轴线方向分别从法兰4和连接轴颈开始相对于外部构件2是对中的,并且在径向上也一样。而且,每个内部构件5均包括一带齿接配孔7,其中的齿指向并且平行于内部构件5的纵轴线。内部构件5连同保持架8和各球体9借助一压制元件10被保持在外部构件2内,压制元件10是圆盘形的,其边缘上设有一可支承内部构件5的端面。此外,压制元件10包括一球面的压制面11,它抵靠在一支承元件12的支承面13上以及以内凹球面形式设置的一支承圆盘28上。压制面11和支承面13的球面半径对中地位于接头的关节中心O上。用于恒速固定接头1的支承元件12具有一法兰部分,它通过例如铆接之类的手段固定于外部构件2的法兰4。在这种方式下,内部构件5相对于外部构件2对中在接头的关节中心O上。在恒速固定接头1’那一边,由支承元件12’保持住支承圆盘28。
然而,第二恒速固定接头1’与第一恒速固定接头1的不同之处在于,其外部构件2上设置了一个局部部分。外部构件2包括一用于接纳支承元件12’的外周面的接纳部分,因而作为一实心部件的支承元件12’可以借助一个有别于圆形截面的截面以一种转动的快捷方式连接于外部构件2。此外,支承元件12’包括例如用于将第二恒速固定接头1’连接于汽车轮毂的连接轴颈,而第一恒速固定接头1的法兰4可连接于一差动器的输出圆锥齿轮之一的输出法兰。两个恒速固定接头1、1’通过一带有一滑动组件的中间轴14相互连接,滑动组件可允许调节两个恒速固定接头1、1’的接头关节中心之间的距离。滑动组件包括一滑动轴颈15,该轴颈是管状的,并包括一内孔19。而且,滑动组件还包括一插入部分16,在其外侧设有一组齿17,这些齿是设计成与两个恒速固定接头1、1’的接配孔相匹配。滑动轴颈15借助一固定环18固定在两个插入孔7中的一个内。此外,滑动轴颈15的外表面上包括平行于内部构件5的纵轴线延伸的凹槽20,球体形式的滚动接触元件21可在这些凹槽内滚动。各球体可用例如一保持架来保持相对位置。滑动轴颈15插入在与中间轴14相连也就是形成一体的滑套22内,在滑套22的内表面上设有凹槽23,它们与凹槽20相对应沿周向分布,并与各球体21相配合。该组件可允许在滑动轴颈15和中间轴14之间传递力矩,并允许滑套22和滑动轴颈15在纵轴线方向相对地位移。所述组件由一橡胶波纹套管24密封,所述套管以其大直径端固定在恒速固定接头1的外部构件2上,而以其小直径端固定在滑套22的外表面上。紧接着滑套22,中间轴14包括一中间部分26,该中间部分朝着其另一端逐渐变成一个壁厚大于中间部分的插入部分25,在插入部分25的外表面上对应于滑动轴颈15的齿组17设置有一组齿27,这些齿插在第二恒速固定接头1’的内部构件5的接配孔7内,并由一固定环18固定在其中。为了密封恒速固定接头1’,设置了一个橡胶波纹套管24’,该套管的大直径端固定在第二恒速固定接头1’的外部构件2的外表面上,而其小直径端固定在中间轴14的外表面上。

Claims (2)

1.一种恒速连接轴,具有一第一和一第二恒速固定接头(1,1’),该两接头均包括一带有外滑槽(3)的外部构件(2)和一带有内滑槽(6)的内部构件(5),这两个构件之间布置有一个用以引导与成对的外滑槽(3)和内滑槽(6)相配合的若干个球体(9)的保持架(8),外部构件(2)上设有第一连接装置,内部构件(5)上设有第二连接结构(7),所述恒速连接轴还具有一插接组件,该组件包括一连接于第一恒速接头(1)之内部构件(5)的插接轴颈(15)和一连接于中间轴(14)的插接套筒(22),在该两构件之间布置有配合在凹槽(20,23)内的滚动接触元件(21),所述中间轴(14)连接于第二恒速固定接头(1’)的内部构件(5),其特征在于,
两个恒速固定接头(1,1’)的内部构件包括相同的接配孔(7),在中间轴(14)的远离插接套筒(22)的那一端以及在插接轴颈(15)的从插接套筒(22)伸出的那一端分别设置有一可插入部分(16,25),这两个部分是设计成与所述的两个接配孔(7)相配合;
所述中间轴(14)是一管状轴,并包括滑套(22),所述中间轴(14)在可插入部分(25)区域内的壁厚大于处在可插入部分和构成滑套(22)的部分之间的区域内的壁厚;
所述内部构件(5)和可插入部分(16,25)的接配孔(7)均包括用于建立转动式快速连接的接配齿(17)。
2.如权利要求1所述的恒速连接轴,其特征在于,所述滑动轴颈(15)是管状的。
CN98123230A 1997-12-19 1998-12-18 具有两个固定接头和分离滑动装置的恒速连接轴 Expired - Fee Related CN1080845C (zh)

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DE19756768A DE19756768C2 (de) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Gleichlaufgelenkwelle mit zwei Festgelenken und separater Verschiebung
DE19756768.112 1997-12-19

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DE (1) DE19756768C2 (zh)
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BR9805795A (pt) 1999-12-21
KR19990063223A (ko) 1999-07-26
DE19756768C2 (de) 2003-03-27
GB2332499A (en) 1999-06-23
ITMI982173A1 (it) 1999-06-20
DE19756768A1 (de) 1999-07-08
JPH11264408A (ja) 1999-09-28
FR2772680B1 (fr) 2003-06-27
IT1302635B1 (it) 2000-09-29
GB2332499B (en) 1999-11-10
FR2772680A1 (fr) 1999-06-25
CN1220353A (zh) 1999-06-23
JP3052202B2 (ja) 2000-06-12
ES2166649A1 (es) 2002-04-16
KR100298993B1 (ko) 2001-09-22
ES2166649B1 (es) 2003-10-01
US6254487B1 (en) 2001-07-03
GB9825234D0 (en) 1999-01-13
GB2332499A8 (en) 1999-07-05

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