CN108082180A - 用于启动发动机的协调致动 - Google Patents

用于启动发动机的协调致动 Download PDF

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CN108082180A
CN108082180A CN201711122049.4A CN201711122049A CN108082180A CN 108082180 A CN108082180 A CN 108082180A CN 201711122049 A CN201711122049 A CN 201711122049A CN 108082180 A CN108082180 A CN 108082180A
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engine
motor
threshold
speed
starting
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CN108082180B (zh
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弗朗西斯·托马斯·康诺利
斯科特·詹姆斯·汤普森
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/006—Starting of engines by means of electric motors using a plurality of electric motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本公开涉及用于启动发动机的协调致动。一种车辆包括发动机和电机，所述电机连接至变速器元件。所述电机还通过离合器选择性地与发动机连接。所述车辆包括带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)，所述带传动起动发电一体机可操作地连接至发动机。电子控制器包括适于接收温度测量值和用于启动发动机的请求的一个或更多个输入。所述电子控制器被配置为：响应于所述一个或更多个输入接收到用于启动发动机的请求和小于阈值温度测量值的温度测量值，引起电机的致动并且闭合所述离合器，以向发动机施加第一扭矩。所述电子控制器还被配置为：响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，引起BISG的致动，以向发动机施加第二扭矩。

Description

用于启动发动机的协调致动
技术领域
本公开涉及用于启动发动机的动力传动系统组件的致动。更具体地，本公开涉及用于启动发动机的一体式起动机和电动马达两者的协调致动。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆(HEV)动力传动系统包括发动机和电动马达，其中，由发动机和/或由马达产生的扭矩(或动力)可通过传动装置被传输到车辆驱动轮，以推进车辆。牵引电池向马达供应能量以产生用于推进车辆的马达扭矩。
在特定配置中，发动机可通过分离离合器连接到马达，并且马达连接到传动装置。发动机、分离离合器、马达以及传动装置顺序地串联连接。
电动马达可通过提供用于转动发动机的扭矩而启动发动机。然而，在非常冷的温度下(例如，零下20摄氏度)，关联的高电压电池的输出显著地降低。因此，仅由电动马达产生的扭矩可能不足以转动发动机。
一些HEV可设置有低电压(例如，12V)起动机来辅助电机启动发动机。在一些方法中，低电压起动机包括带传动集成式起动机(BIS或BISG)，所述带传动集成式起动机包括将发动机的曲轴连接至BIS或BISG的带传动。在非常冷的温度下，BIS或BISG可能经历带打滑。
发明内容
一种车辆包括发动机和电机，所述电机连接至变速器元件。所述电机通过离合器选择性地与发动机连接。所述车辆包括带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)，所述带传动起动发电一体机可操作地连接至发动机。电子控制器包括适于接收温度测量值和用于启动发动机的请求的一个或更多个输入。所述电子控制器被配置为：响应于所述一个或更多个输入接收到用于启动发动机的请求和小于阈值温度测量值的温度测量值，引起电机的致动并且闭合所述离合器，以向发动机施加第一扭矩。所述电子控制器还被配置为：响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，引起BISG的致动，以向发动机施加第二扭矩。
一种启动车辆发动机的方法包括：在控制器处接收用于启动发动机的请求和温度测量值。所述方法包括：如果温度测量值小于阈值温度测量值，则使用电机来向发动机施加第一扭矩。在一些方式中，电机通过分离离合器向发动机施加第一扭矩。所述方法包括：响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，使用起动机向发动机施加第二扭矩。
一种启动发动机的方法包括：响应于接收到发动机启动请求并且温度低于阈值温度，向马达提供电力以使马达旋转；锁止离合器以将马达的转动惯量与发动机耦合，从而提高发动机转速；响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，将来自起动机的扭矩施加到发动机。
附图说明
图1是示出与HEV的动力传动系统相关的组件的布置的示意图。
图2是示出环境温度对可由高电压电池提供的功率的示例性影响的曲线图。
图3是用于启动车辆发动机的算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据需要，在此公开本发明的具体实施例；然而，应当理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为本发明的示例，其可以以各种形式和替代形式实施。附图无需按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征，以示出特定组件的细节。因此，此处所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。
参照图1，示出了根据本公开的实施例的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)的动力传动系统10的示意图。图1示出了组件之间的代表性关系。车辆内的组件的物理布局和方位可变化。在此清楚地预期其它构造。
动力传动系统10的组件包括发动机12、发动机分离离合器14、高电压电池16、高电压至低电压DC/DC转换器18、低电压电池20、低电压起动机22、扭振减振器24、电机或马达26、变矩器28、变矩器旁通离合器30、变速器齿轮箱32、驱动轴34、主减速齿轮传动装置(final drive gearing)36、半轴38和40以及驱动轮42和44。发动机12通常表示可包括内燃发动机(ICE)(诸如，汽油、柴油或天然气驱动的发动机)或燃料电池的动力源。
低电压起动机22可操作地连接至发动机12。在一个示例中，起动机22可以是电池操作的，其中，起动机22由来自电池20的能量驱动。尽管起动机在此被描述为低电压起动机，但是起动机可以是连接至高电压电池的高电压起动机。在任一方式中，起动机22被配置为支持发动机启动或重新启动。也就是说，通过操作起动机22，发动机12可被旋转和转动。在优选的方式中，起动机22是带传动起动发电一体机(belt-driven integrated startergenerator，BISG)。尽管在此描述了带传动的方式，但是其它类型的传动也可被用于提供发动机12与起动机22之间的传动连接。例如，可使用柔性链传动或齿轮传动。在其它方式中，起动机22可以是曲轴起动发电一体机(crank integrated starter generator，CISG)。在其它方式中，起动机可以是动力传动系统驱动马达(诸如，通过连接装置连接至发动机的混合动力装置)。
扭振减振器24也可操作地连接至发动机12。扭振减振器24包括螺旋弹簧或包括多个螺旋弹簧的机构，其中，施加到减振器的扭力导致弹簧机构的位移。因此，扭振减振器24可用于调节或消除来自动力传动系统10的高频扭转振动。
发动机12通过分离离合器14可操作地连接至电动马达26和变速器32。可被电动致动或液压致动的分离离合器14可使发动机12与动力传动系统接合或脱离接合，以满足混合动力车辆在不同模式下的操作需求。根据分离离合器14是接合还是脱离接合来确定哪些输入扭矩被传输到变速器32。例如，如果分离离合器被脱离接合，则只有来自电动马达26的扭矩被供应到变速器32。如果分离离合器14被接合，则来自发动机12和电动马达26两者的扭矩被供应到变速器32。当然，如果只有来自发动机12的扭矩被期望用于变速器32，则分离离合器14被接合，而电动马达26未通电，使得只有来自发动机12的扭矩被供应到变速器32。
由电动马达26驱动的主变速器泵46向变速器32和变矩器28的液压系统供应加压的液压液体。由电动马达驱动(未示出)的辅助机油泵48在发动机关闭时向变速器32和变矩器28的液压系统供应加压的液压液体。
电动马达26由高电压电池16驱动，并且被固定到变矩器28的泵轮轴50。当旁通离合器30断开时，变速器输入轴52与泵轮轴50之间的转速差是可能的。当旁通离合器30闭合时，变矩器的泵轮和蜗轮机械地连接，在这种情况下，电动马达26的转速和变速器输入52的转速基本上相同。
变速器32可包括齿轮组(未示出)，所述齿轮组通过选择性地接合诸如离合器和制动器(未示出)的摩擦元件而被选择性地置于不同的传动比，以建立期望的多个离散传动比或阶梯传动比。可通过换挡计划来控制摩擦元件，所述换挡计划连接和断开齿轮组的特定元件，以控制驱动轴34与变速器输入轴52之间的传动比。通过关联的控制器(诸如，动力传动系统控制单元(PCU))54，基于各种车辆和环境操作状况而使变速器32从一个传动比自动换挡至另一传动比。变速器32随后将动力传动系统输出扭矩提供到驱动轴34。
应理解的是，与变矩器28一起使用的液压控制的变速器32仅是变速器装置的一个示例；从发动机和/或马达接受输入扭矩并随后以不同的传动比将扭矩提供至输出轴的任何多传动比变速器都是可被接受用于本公开的实施例的。例如，其它类型的自动变速器(例如，具有与两个滑轮接合的传送带的无级变速器(CVT)或自动手动变速器)可用于动力传动系统10。在另一示例中，变速器可以是自动机械(或手动)变速器(AMT)，所述自动机械(或手动)变速器(AMT)包括沿换挡拨叉导轨平移/旋转换挡拨叉以选择期望传动比的一个或更多个伺服马达。如本领域普通技术人员通常所理解的，AMT可被用于例如具有更高的扭矩需求的应用。
虽然控制器54被示出为一个控制器，但控制器54可以是更大的控制系统的一部分，并且可由整个车辆中的各种其它控制器(诸如，车辆系统控制器(VSC))来控制。因此，应理解的是，控制器54以及一个或更多个其它控制器可被统称为“控制器”，所述“控制器”响应于来自多个传感器的信号而控制多个致动器以控制多种功能(诸如，启动/停止发动机12、操作电动马达26以提供车轮扭矩或者给电池16充电、选择或计划变速器换挡等)。控制器54可包括与多种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的微处理器或中央处理器(CPU)。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括易失性存储器和非易失性存储器，例如，只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和保活存储器(KAM)。KAM是可被用于在CPU掉电时存储多个操作变量的持久性存储器或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可使用多种已知的存储装置中的任何一种来实现，诸如，PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能够存储数据的任何其它电存储装置、磁存储装置、光学存储装置或组合的存储装置，所述数据中的一些表示由控制器使用以控制发动机或车辆的可执行指令。
控制器54可与动力传动系统10的各个组件(诸如，例如发动机12、分离离合器14、高电压电池16、低电压电池20、低电压起动机22和电动马达26)进行通信。控制器54还可与操作者输入56进行通信。操作者输入56可以是被配置为向控制器54提供发动机启动请求的点火开关、按钮等。控制器54还可与位于整个车辆中的一个或更多个传感器(例如，传感器58a、58b、58c、58d)进行通信。所述一个或更多个传感器58可监测与例如发动机转速、马达转速、起动机转速、环境空气温度、进气温度、发动机机油温度或冷却剂温度、气缸盖温度、发动机气缸体温度以及其它特性有关的信息，并且将所述信息提供给控制器54。控制器54通过一个或更多个接口60a、60b、60c与各个组件进行通信。接口60a、60b、60c可包括输入(例如，适于接收信息或命令)、输出(例如，适于发送信息或命令)或组合的输入/输出。例如，接口60a可以是适于接收发动机启动请求56的输入。接口60b可以是适于接收温度测量值(例如，环境空气温度测量值)和/或发动机12和电动马达26的转速的输入。接口60c可以是适于向动力传动系统10的各个组件发送命令的输出。尽管图1示出了三个接口60a、60b、60c，但是控制器54可设置有一个接口、两个接口、四个或更多个接口。
在正常操作状况下，当在控制器54处接收到发动机启动请求56时，控制器54命令动力传动系统10的各个组件启动发动机12。在一种方式中，直接使用起动机22来转动发动机12。在另一种方式中，由电动马达26来转动发动机12以进行启动。更具体地，高电压电池16为电动马达26供电，以使电动马达26旋转。当发动机启动即将到来并且在发动机12被转动之前，优选地使用液压压力使分离离合器14闭合，以产生离合器14的扭矩传输能力，使得电动马达26用作起动马达。当施加到发动机12的曲轴上的扭矩的大小超过用于发动机启动的最小扭矩时，发动机12开始转动。此后，燃料被供应到发动机12，并且发动机转速被控制为发动机怠速转速，从而完成发动机启动过程。
处于非常低的温度的发动机启动会给启动处理带来挑战。例如，启动发动机12所需的扭矩在非常低的温度下显著地增加，特别是在发动机12内形成冰晶的情况下。另外，在起动机22被用于转动发动机12的描述的方式中，起动机22可能在非常低的温度下经历带打滑。在电动马达26用于通过分离离合器14而转动发动机12的描述的方式中，高电压电池16可能由于环境温度非常低而无法向电动马达26提供足够的电力。如图2所示，随着环境温度降低，可用于使电动马达26旋转以启动发动机12的电池功率可能减小。例如，在低于-10摄氏度的环境温度下，高电压电池16可能无法提供用于仅使用电动马达26来启动发动机12的最小功率量。
为了改善在非常低温度状况下的发动机启动，控制器54适于协调用于启动发动机12的低电压起动机22和电动马达26两者的致动。已经发现两个起动机组件的协调致动在这种状况下提供改善的发动机启动性能。
如前所述，控制器54适于在输入处(例如，在接口60a处)接收发动机启动请求56。控制器54还适于在输出处(例如，在接口60b处)接收温度测量值。控制器54随后确定温度测量值是否小于阈值温度测量值。温度测量值可以是例如环境空气温度测量值，并且可由在发动机12内、在发动机12上或者在发动机12附近的传感器(例如，传感器58a)来测量。在其它方式中，温度测量值是在控制器54处从位于整个车辆中的传感器(例如，传感器58b、58c、58d)接收的测量值。
在温度测量值是环境空气温度测量值的情况下，阈值温度测量值可以是例如在-30摄氏度至+5摄氏度的范围内。更具体地，阈值温度测量值可在-20摄氏度至-5摄氏度的范围内。例如，阈值温度测量值可以是-10摄氏度。
如在此所使用的，当温度测量值比阈值温度测量值更冷时，温度测量值“小于”阈值温度测量值。例如，-20摄氏度的环境空气温度测量值小于-10摄氏度的阈值温度测量值，而+10摄氏度的环境空气温度测量值大于-10摄氏度的阈值温度测量值。
为了在温度测量值小于阈值温度测量值时开始发动机启动，控制器54被配置为引起电机26的致动。例如，控制器54可经由输出(例如，在接口60c)发送用于启动电机或马达26的命令。命令可被发送到高电压电池16，以指示高电压电池16给电动马达26供电，或者可被发送到电动马达26，以指示电动马达26从高电压电池16汲取电力。在任一方式中，电动马达26被通电并且开始旋转。例如，电动马达26可被旋转到怠速转速(例如，500或600转每分钟)。
控制器54还被配置为闭合分离离合器14，使得发动机12被至少部分地接合到动力传动系统。这样，由电动马达26产生的扭矩被施加到发动机12。
在优选的方式中，电动马达26在闭合分离离合器14之前被旋转到电动马达阈值转速。这样，控制器54可适于经由例如与电动马达26关联的传感器58c来监测电动马达26的转速。电动马达阈值转速可以是例如100转每分钟、300转每分钟或者是500或600转每分钟的怠速转速。在其它方式中，分离离合器14的闭合与电动马达26的致动同时或者基本上同时进行。
分离离合器14的闭合利用电动马达26的转动惯量来向发动机12提供扭矩，从而使得发动机12开始旋转。此时，电动马达转速可随着分离离合器扭矩的产生而下降，并且甚至可锁止到发动机转速。
如所讨论的，由高电压电池16提供的能量可能不足以驱动电动马达26以完全转动发动机12。控制器54因此被配置为引起低电压起动机22的致动以向发动机12施加另一扭矩。低电压起动机22优选地是带传动起动发电一体机，所述带传动起动发电一体机包括驱动发动机12的轴(未示出)的带(未示出)。
在优选的方式中，发动机12在低电压起动机22的致动之前被旋转到发动机转速阈值。这样，控制器54可适于经由例如与发动机12关联的传感器58a来监测发动机12的转速。发动机转速阈值可以是例如至少50转每分钟。这样，控制器54延迟低电压起动机22的致动，使得低电压起动机22在发动机12以低转速转动时向发动机12提供扭矩，从而降低带打滑的风险。
在其它方式中，低电压起动机22的致动与电动马达26的致动同时或者基本上同时进行。在其它方式中，低电压起动机22的通电与电动马达26的致动同时或基本上同时进行，并且低电压起动机22仅在发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值时被致动。
已经发现这里描述的电动马达26和低电压起动机22的协调致动向发动机12提供在非常低的温度下启动发动机12所必需的扭矩。
现在参照图3，启动车辆发动机的方法100包括：在110，在控制器处接收用于启动发动机的请求。所述方法还包括：在120，在控制器处接收温度测量值。温度测量值可以是例如环境空气温度测量值。
如果在130温度测量值大于或等于阈值温度测量值，则所述方法可在140结束。这样，可使用任何适合的方法来启动发动机。
所述方法包括：如果在130温度测量值小于阈值温度测量值，则在150，使用电机向发动机施加第一扭矩。所述阈值温度测量值可落在例如-30摄氏度至+5摄氏度的范围内。
在一些方式中，电机通过分离离合器向发动机施加第一扭矩。锁止分离离合器将电机的转动惯量与发动机耦合，以增大发动机的转速。分离离合器可响应于电机的转速达到阈值电机转速而闭合。阈值电机转速可以是例如至少300转每分钟。
所述方法包括：在160，响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，使用起动机向发动机施加第二扭矩。所述发动机转速阈值可以是例如至少50转每分钟。在优选的方式中，起动机是带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)。在此清楚地预期其它起动机。在一些方式中，起动机在从起动机向发动机施加第二扭矩之前在通电模式下操作。
可在初始发动机启动期间以及发动机重新启动期间(例如，在发动机被配置为自动启停的情况下)在非常冷的温度状况下利用在此描述的发动机启动方法。
尽管上面描述了示例性实施例，但并不意在这些实施例描述本发明的所有可能形式。更确切地，说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出各种改变。此外，可组合各种执行实施例的特征以形成本发明的进一步的实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种车辆，包括：
发动机；
电机，连接至变速器元件，所述电机通过离合器选择性地与发动机连接；
带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)，可操作地连接至发动机；
电子控制器，包括适于接收温度测量值和用于启动发动机的请求的一个或更多个输入，所述电子控制器被配置为：
响应于所述一个或更多个输入接收到用于启动发动机的请求和小于阈值温度测量值的温度测量值，引起电机的致动并且闭合所述离合器，以向发动机施加第一扭矩；
响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，引起BISG的致动，以向发动机施加第二扭矩。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述电子控制器被配置为：响应于电机的转速达到阈值电机转速，闭合所述离合器。
3.如权利要求2所述的车辆，其中，所述阈值电机转速为至少300转每分钟。
4.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述发动机转速阈值为至少50转每分钟。
5.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述温度测量值为环境空气温度测量值。
6.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述阈值温度测量值落在-30摄氏度至+5摄氏度的范围内。
7.一种启动车辆发动机的方法，包括：
在控制器处接收发动机启动请求和温度测量值；
响应于温度测量值小于阈值温度测量值，使用电机向发动机施加第一扭矩；
响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，使用起动机向发动机施加第二扭矩。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，电机通过分离离合器向发动机施加第一扭矩。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述分离离合器响应于电机的转速达到阈值电机转速而被闭合。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述阈值电机转速为至少300转每分钟。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述发动机转速阈值为至少50转每分钟。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述起动机为带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)。
13.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述温度测量值为环境空气温度测量值。
14.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述阈值温度测量值落在-30摄氏度至+5摄氏度的范围内。
15.一种启动发动机的方法，包括：
响应于接收到发动机启动请求并且温度低于阈值温度，向马达提供电力以使马达旋转；
锁止离合器以将马达的转动惯量与发动机耦合，从而提高发动机转速；
响应于发动机转速达到发动机转速阈值，将来自起动机的扭矩施加到发动机。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法，还包括：在将来自起动机的扭矩施加到发动机之前，以通电模式操作起动机。
17.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述起动机为带传动起动发电一体机(BISG)。
18.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，在锁止所述离合器之前，所述马达被旋转到至少300转每分钟的马达转速。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述发动机转速阈值为至少50转每分钟。
20.如权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述阈值温度落在-30摄氏度至+5摄氏度的范围内。
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