CN108069994A - 一类含硼化合物及其在催化氟化反应中的应用 - Google Patents
一类含硼化合物及其在催化氟化反应中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical group [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- MVCGQTYWLZSKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical class FC1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1F MVCGQTYWLZSKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- YJUUZFWMKJBVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-4-one Chemical class CN1CN(C)C(=O)C1 YJUUZFWMKJBVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PKSORSNCSXBXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloro-2,4,6-trifluoropyridine Chemical class FC1=NC(F)=C(Cl)C(F)=C1Cl PKSORSNCSXBXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 calcirm-fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005796 2,3-difluoro-5-chloropyridine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WRXAZPPGFLETFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-difluoropyridine Chemical class FC1=CN=CC(F)=C1 WRXAZPPGFLETFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 5
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- CNLIIAKAAMFCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-trichloropyridine Chemical class ClC1=CN=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 CNLIIAKAAMFCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PERMDYZFNQIKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine Chemical compound FC1=CC(Cl)=CN=C1F PERMDYZFNQIKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- BJYHBJUWZMHGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical class FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl BJYHBJUWZMHGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JXUKFFRPLNTYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene Chemical class FC1=CC(F)=CC(F)=C1 JXUKFFRPLNTYIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNDPLEAVNVOOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloropyridine Chemical class ClC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl DNDPLEAVNVOOQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPGHPGAUFIJVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dichloropyridine Chemical class ClC1=CN=CC(Cl)=C1 WPGHPGAUFIJVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC(C(C1)F)(C=C*1C#N)F Chemical compound CC(C(C1)F)(C=C*1C#N)F 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005502 Cyhalofop-butyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- TYIYMOAHACZAMQ-CQSZACIVSA-N Cyhalofop-butyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCCCC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1F TYIYMOAHACZAMQ-CQSZACIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KROGCUFMXKCKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N#CC(C1)C=CC(Cl)=C1Cl Chemical compound N#CC(C1)C=CC(Cl)=C1Cl KROGCUFMXKCKTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001454 anthracenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBDHZKLJNAIJNC-LLVKDONJSA-N clodinafop-propargyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC#C)=CC=C1OC1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1F JBDHZKLJNAIJNC-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005695 dehalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical class COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
- C07F5/04—Esters of boric acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0272—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255
- B01J31/0275—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing elements other than those covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0255 also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0269
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/208—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being MX
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及精细化工领域,尤其涉及一类含硼化合物及其在催化氟化反应中的应用。采用本发明提供的含硼化合物作为催化剂,可以通过一步温和反应进行氟代,与现有技术比较,氟化反应条件温和,效率高,催化原理新颖,操作简便,污染少,溶剂成本低,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及精细化工领域,尤其涉及一类含硼化合物及其在催化氟化反应中的应用。
背景技术
氟化的芳香族化合物是制备含氟生理活性物质的重要原料及中间体,多用于药物和农用化学品的合成。比如2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶是含氟除草剂炔草酯的重要中间体,通常由2,3,5-三氯吡啶经过氟化反应制备。3,4-二氟苯腈是制备高效、低毒、低残留,安全的除草剂氰氟草酯的核心中间体,并且通常由3,4-二氯苯腈经过氟化反应制备。3,5-二氟吡啶是有机合成的重要中间体,主要用于医药中间体、染料生产、农药生产及香料等方面,该化合物通常由3,5-二氯吡啶经过氟化反应制备。。
在之前的专利中,可在烷基铵或鏻盐(US4287374A)、冠醚(DE19702282A)、吡啶盐(WO8704149)、四吡咯鏻盐(EP1070724A1)、CNC或PNC(CN1718572A)的存在下向芳环上引入氟原子,这类工艺普遍温度较高,反应较慢,长时间的高温作用下热分解导致产生较多的碳化或焦油状物质。
由专利DE102004033525可知,3,5-二氯吡啶在CNC+催化剂作用下氟化,收率较低仅60%,且本身催化剂价格昂贵不易制得,卤素交换在特定高温高压下进行,增加了安全和环保风险。
在专利CN102690214A中,3,4-二氯苯腈更是使用了1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮,在高温精馏20h,收率80%左右,但该方法所用溶剂极其昂贵,反应时间长,而且脱卤、焦化现象严重,并且有大量腈基聚合副产,导致釜残较多。
专利CN101591211A描述了氟代反应采用微波技术,提高工作效率,减少副产方面的优势,但是目前微波技术在大型工业化中还未能得到很好的运用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有氟化工艺的问题,提供一类含硼化合物,增加氟离子在体系中的溶解度,使氟化反应条件温和,效率高,操作简便,污染少,溶剂成本低,适合工业化生产。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:一类含硼化合物,其结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6各自独立的选自-CH2-、-CHR-或羰基,R1、R2和R3各自独立的选自-O-或NR;R为C1~4烷基。所述C1~4烷基包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基。
进一步的,所述C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6各自独立的选自-CH2-、-CHR-或羰基,R1、R2和R3选自-O-;R为C1~4烷基。
更进一步的,所述C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6各自独立的选自-CH2-、-CHR-或羰基,R1、R2和R3各自独立的选自-O-;R为甲基或乙基。
优选的,所述含硼化合物选自如下结构:
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种上述化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用。
优选的,所述氟化反应是将芳香环上的氯取代为氟;所述芳香环包括芳环和杂芳环;所述的“芳环”是指含有6个碳原子的单环芳烃,10个碳原子的双环芳烃,14个碳原子的三环芳烃,且每个环上可以有1-4个取代基;芳环包括但不限于苯环,萘环,蒽环;所述的“杂芳环”,是指5-8个原子的单环芳烃、8-12个原子的双环芳烃或11-14个原子的三环芳烃,并且含有1个或多个杂原子(例如N,O,S)。杂芳环包括但不限于吡啶,呋喃,咪唑,苯并咪唑,嘧啶,噻吩,喹啉,吲哚。
优选的,所述氟化反应用于制备3,5-二氟吡啶、2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶、2,4,6-三氟-3,5-二氯吡啶、1,3,5-三氟苯、3,4-二氟苯腈或3,4-二氟三氟甲苯。
优选的,所述氟化反应的具体步骤包括:向一个干燥反应器中加入反应物、溶剂、氟化试剂及所述含硼化合物;所述反应物为至少含有一个氯取代的芳香环;在合适的温度搅拌反应,待原料反应完全后,反应液经过常规方式处理即可得到所需产品。
优选的,所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮、环丁砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈或苄腈中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述氟化试剂为氟化钾、氟化钙、氟化钠或氟化铯。
优选的,所述反应温度为20~120℃。
优选的,所述投料比例如下:原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.05~1.65,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.005~0.13,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:0.5~8。
优选的,所述投料比例如下:原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.05~1.2,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.007~0.1,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:0.7~4。
采用本发明提供的含硼化合物作为催化剂,可以增加氟离子在反应体系中的溶解度,通过一步温和反应进行氟代,与现有技术比较,氟化反应条件温和,效率高,作用原理新颖,操作简便,污染少,溶剂成本低,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
实施例1
通式(Ⅰ-1)含硼化合物的制备:
在带有回流装置的四口瓶中,投入60mL甲苯,10.4g硼酸三甲酯,搅拌升温至回流。回流下滴加20g 2-羟基-N,N-二(2-羟乙基)乙酰胺,30min滴毕,回流搅拌20h。蒸干溶剂后,得到白色固体29.8g,即为Ⅰ-1。
将白色固体溶入2000mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入干燥的5.8g氟化钾,搅拌30min溶清,得到Ⅰ-1/KF,溶解度大约18g/L(DMF)。
实施例2:
在一个干燥反应器中加入17.2g 3,4-二氯苯腈(0.1mol),50g环丁砜,14.5g氟化钾(0.25mol),2g含硼化合物Ⅰ-1(0.012mol),搅拌升温至105℃下反应8h,待原料反应完全后,精馏出产品3,4-二氟苯腈12.8g,定性含量98%,收率90.2%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.25,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.12,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:1.5。
实施例3:
在一个干燥反应器中加入22g 3,4-二氯三氟甲苯(0.1mol),50g乙腈,12.2g氟化钾(0.21mol),0.5g含硼化合物Ⅰ-1(0.003mol),搅拌室温反应23h,待原料反应完全后,常压蒸出产品3,4-二氟三氟甲苯17.45g,定性含量95%,收率89.1%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.05,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.03,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:1.4。
实施例4:
在一个干燥反应器中加入36.5g 2,3,5-三氯吡啶(0.2mol),292g二甲基亚砜,34.8g氟化钾(0.62mol),0.32g含硼化合物Ⅰ-1(0.019mol),搅拌升温至60℃下反应5h,待原料反应完全后,离心除去残渣氯化钾,母液减压除去溶剂二甲基亚砜,用二氯甲烷萃取出2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶29.5g,定性含量96%,收率95%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.55,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.1,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:4。
实施例5:
在一个干燥反应器中加入25.1g五氯吡啶(0.1mol),48g N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,20g氟化钾(0.36mol),0.12g含硼化合物Ⅰ-1(0.0007mol),搅拌升温至90℃下反应12h,待原料反应完全后,精馏出产品2,4,6-三氟-3,5-二氯吡啶18.3g,定性含量99%,收率90%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.2,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.007,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:1.1。
实施例6:
在一个干燥反应器中加入51.6g 3,4-二氯苯腈(0.3mol),100gDMF,46g氟化钾(0.82mol),0.8g含硼化合物Ⅰ-4(0.04mol),搅拌升温至110℃下反应11h,待原料反应完全后,精馏出产品3,4-二氟苯腈38g,定性含量98%,收率91%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.4,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.13,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:1。
实施例7:
在一个干燥反应器中加入43g 3,4-二氯三氟甲苯(0.2mol),51.6g二甲基亚砜,26g氟化钾(0.45mol),3.2g含硼化合物Ⅰ-4(0.016mol),50℃下搅拌反应10h,待原料反应完全后,常压蒸出产品3,4-二氟三氟甲苯32.2g,定性含量96%,收率85%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.1,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.08,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:0.7。
实施例8:
在一个干燥反应器中加入18.2g 2,3,5-三氯吡啶(0.1mol),29g乙腈,19.3g氟化钾(0.33mol),1.9g含硼化合物Ⅰ-4(0.01mol),搅拌升温至65℃下反应14h,待原料反应完全后,离心除去残渣氯化钾,母液减压除去溶剂乙腈,用二氯甲烷萃取,经过水洗,减压浓缩得2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶14.7g,定性含量93%,收率92%。
原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.65,反应物(待氟化原料)与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.1,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:0.7。
上述各实施例中的产物均经氢谱和质谱确认。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一类含硼化合物,其结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
其中,C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6各自独立的选自-CH2-、-CHR-或羰基,R1、R2和R3各自独立的选自-O-或NR;R为C1~4烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含硼化合物,其特征在于,所述C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6各自独立的选自-CH2-、-CHR-或羰基,R1、R2和R3选自-O-;R为C1~4烷基。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述氟化反应是将芳香环上的氯取代为氟。
5.根据权利要求3所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述氟化反应用于制备3,5-二氟吡啶、2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶、2,4,6-三氟-3,5-二氯吡啶、1,3,5-三氟苯、3,4-二氟苯腈或3,4-二氟三氟甲苯。
6.根据权利要求3所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述氟化反应的具体步骤包括:向一个干燥反应器中加入反应物、溶剂、氟化试剂及所述含硼化合物;所述反应物为至少含有一个氯取代的芳香环;在合适的温度搅拌反应,待原料反应完全后,反应液经过常规方式后处理即可得到所需产品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述溶剂为二甲基亚砜、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮、环丁砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈或苄腈中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述所述氟化试剂为氟化钾、氟化钙、氟化钠或氟化铯。
9.根据权利要求6所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述反应温度为20~120℃。
10.根据权利要求6所述的含硼化合物在催化氟化反应中的应用,其特征在于:所述催化氟化反应的投料比例如下:原料中需要氟化的卤素与氟化试剂的摩尔比1:1.05~1.2,反应物与含硼化合物的摩尔比1:0.007~0.1,除溶剂外的其他原料与溶剂的重量比1:0.7~4。
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