CN104016901B - 一种芳卤衍生物及其合成方法 - Google Patents
一种芳卤衍生物及其合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001502 aryl halides Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 halide hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
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- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000006590 Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 229910003204 NH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
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- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(i) bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu] NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007336 electrophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodate Chemical compound [O-]I(=O)=O ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical group S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 0 *c1cc(C*C2)c2c(C#C*)c1* Chemical compound *c1cc(C*C2)c2c(C#C*)c1* 0.000 description 1
- WLXYHLHNIRJAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-benzo[e]isoindole Chemical class C1=CC=C2C3=CNC=C3C=CC2=C1 WLXYHLHNIRJAIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)sulfanyl]-9-[2-(2-bromophenyl)ethyl]purin-6-amine Chemical compound C=1C=2OCOC=2C=C(Br)C=1SC1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1CCC1=CC=CC=C1Br PVFOHMXILQEIHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLYCPFXDDDMZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyne Chemical compound C1=CC#CC=C1 KLYCPFXDDDMZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101000905241 Mus musculus Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005171 halobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005935 nucleophilic addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- UJWXRGDMZGEREV-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;1h-pyrazole Chemical compound [K].C=1C=NNC=1 UJWXRGDMZGEREV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium phenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(n-ethyl-3-methoxyanilino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN(CC)C1=CC=CC(OC)=C1 PNGLEYLFMHGIQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/44—Iso-indoles; Hydrogenated iso-indoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/307—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/74—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C69/757—Esters of carboxylic acids having an esterified carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2602/00—Systems containing two condensed rings
- C07C2602/02—Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
- C07C2602/04—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C2602/08—One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种芳卤衍生物及其合成方法。芳卤衍生物的结构式为:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种芳卤衍生物及其合成方法。
背景技术
芳卤化合物指的是芳环上连有一个或多个卤原子的化合物,常见的为卤苯类化合物。芳卤化合物中由于卤原子与芳环的p-Π共轭效应使得碳-卤键的反应活性并不高,但在一定条件下,也能发生某些反应,且有些反应具有实用价值或理论意义。工业上生产苯酚的方法之一就是在高温高压下用氯苯与强碱反应酸化水解而得,一段时间内,氯苯被大量用于生产滴滴涕(DDT)杀虫剂。氯苯与酚钠的反应,是工业生产二苯醚的方法。溴苯是精细化工品的原料,也是制备农药的基本原料。如用作压敏和热敏染料的原料;农药原料,生产杀虫剂溴螨酯;医药原料,生产镇痛解热药和止咳药。溴苯也是重要的有机合成原料和医药中间体,如用溴苯制备格氏试剂、Heck反应偶联剂等。芳卤的制备大多通过基础或经典的反应而获得,常见的合成芳卤化合物的方法有:
1)芳环卤代反应:
芳环的富电子性使其易于发生亲电取代反应,制备芳卤常通过在芳环上与卤素单质发生亲电取代反应获得。通过铁单质或三价铁等催化使反应顺利进行,已有取代基的芳环中如果取代基为活性基团,则无需加入催化剂即可顺利进行反应。卤代反应便捷简单,但也伴随一些问题。一是卤代反应中,常伴以多取代产物出现;二是已有取代基的卤代反应受取代基效应的影响往往得到多种产物,这两种问题不仅使减低了反应产率,也给产物的分离带来一定的麻烦。再次,卤代反应主要针对氯、溴,氟、碘因为反应剧烈或缓慢一般不用此法。
2)Sandmeyer反应:
在氯化亚铜的盐酸溶液作用下,芳香族重氮盐分解,放出氮气,同时重氮基被氯原子取代。如用重氮氢溴酸盐和溴化亚铜,则得到相应的溴代物。此反应称为Sandmeyer反应。制备溴化物时,可用硫酸代替氢溴酸进行重氮化,因为它对溴化物的产率只有轻微的影响,但价格便宜。但不宜用盐酸代替,否则将得到氯化物和溴化物的混合物。该反应主要应用于氯代和溴代。
3)Gattermann反应:
用铜粉代替Sandmeyer反应中的氯化亚铜或溴化亚铜,加热重氮盐,也可得到相应的卤化物,此反应称为Gattermann反应。Gattermann反应虽然操作较为简单,但除个别反应为,产率一般不比Sandmeyer反应高,大多要低一些。
4)Schiemann反应:
将氟原子引入到芳环的方法,一般是先将氟硼酸或氟硼酸钠加入到重氮盐溶液中,生产不溶解的氟硼酸盐沉淀,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥。将干燥后的氟硼酸盐加热,既分解得到相应的氟化物。此反应称为Schiemann反应。制备氟化物是,重氮化反应也可以在氟硼酸中进行,反应完后则重氮氟硼酸盐直接沉淀出来,然后按上述方法进行。或利用六氟磷酸代替氟硼酸与重氮盐反应制备重氮六氟磷酸盐,后者容易从水中沉淀出来,且下一步分解时产率还较高。
5)芳环的碘代反应:
芳环上直接碘化是困难的,但重氮基比较容易被碘离子取代。加热重氮盐的碘化钾溶液,即可生成相应的碘代物,产率较好。
6)氧氯化法制备氯苯:
氧氯化法反应由德国拉西公司于1932年开发成功。该反应是在275℃和常压下于气相中进行的,催化剂为铜和氧化铝。为了抑制多氯苯的生成,所用的苯需大大过量。尽管如此,还会生成5%~8%的二氯苯,而氯化氢被全部用完。此法主要是在拉西法制苯酚过程中应用,由于拉西法制苯酚已被淘汰,此法也不再采用。
7)Domino环化反应:
以取代三炔为底物,在催化剂作用下使之与氟化银反应,一步法构筑芳环,同时在芳环上引入氟原子。反应历程是三炔在催化剂作用下,首先形成苯炔结构,由于苯炔的高活性,而后与氟化银发生亲核加成,引入氟原子。
综上所述的一些合成芳卤化合物的方法,大多通过经典的或基础的有机反应得到,反应底物也往往已经具备芳环,而后引入卤原子形成芳卤化合物。方法2)、3)、4)、5)都是基于重氮盐的基础上进行,虽然反应切实可行,但形成重氮盐需要多步反应方能实现,因此这些方法在形成芳卤化合物时,往往显得步骤繁多。方法6)由于需要高温且有副产物,亦被淘汰。方法7)中一步法构筑氟苯的Domino环化反应步骤简约,不仅节省了资源,而且提高了反应效率,符合现代化学原子经济性的要求。但该反应仅限于引入氟原子,且这类通过Domino环化反应制备芳卤化合物报道极少。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种芳卤衍生物及其合成方法。本发明通过前体合成、环化加成、纯化步骤,合成一系列新的芳卤衍生物,本发明制备的芳卤连有稠合的五元环,在连接的两个取代基中含一个碳-碳三键。本发明合成的稠环芳卤衍生物可以作为药物中间体或者药物本身,或者作为有机合成中的重要的中间体,在有机合成领域的应用前景广阔。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种芳卤衍生物,其结构式为:
其中:X代表氟、氯、溴或碘,Y代表连有取代基的碳、氮或氧,R代表芳香基、烷基、烷氧基或烷基硅基或它们相应的衍生物。
一种芳卤衍生物,其结构式为:
即所述的X为溴,Y为对甲基苯磺酰基氮,R为正丙基。
一种芳卤衍生物的合成方法,步骤包括:a、前体合成;b、环化加成;c、纯化。
所述前体合成通过Cadiot-Chodkiewicz偶联反应制备,将连有取代基的碳、氮或氧的二炔衍生物、CuCl和NH2OH·HCl混合,在冰水浴中冷却,然后加正丁胺溶液后搅拌10min以上,再加入卤代炔烃衍生物,反应4h以上,经水洗、萃取、干燥,蒸去溶剂后分离制得前体四炔化合物;
所述前体合成步骤中碳、氮或氧的二炔衍生物、CuCl、NH2OH·HCl、卤代炔烃衍生物的物质的量比为1∶2∶0.2∶3,所述正丁胺溶液浓度为30%,碳、氮或氧的二炔衍生物在丁胺溶液中的浓度为0.33摩尔/升。
所述萃取使用乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥使用无水硫酸镁干燥;所述分离用硅胶柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为体积比为20∶1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合液。
所述的环化加成步骤为:
将前体四炔化合物放入甲苯和水的混合溶液中搅拌混匀,加热至80-110℃,通入卤化氢,反应16h以上,制得芳卤衍生物的粗产物。
所述甲苯和水的混合溶液中甲苯和水的体积比为10∶1,所述前体在甲苯和水的混合溶液 中的浓度为0.18摩尔/升;
所述纯化步骤为:
将粗产物经水洗、萃取、洗涤、干燥,蒸去溶剂后分离制得目标产物即芳卤衍生物。
所述萃取使用乙酸乙酯萃取,洗涤使用5%碳酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水先后洗涤,干燥使用无水硫酸镁干燥;所述分离用硅胶柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为体积比为20∶1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合液。
本发明与现有技术相比,提供了一种全新的芳卤衍生物的合成方法,生成一系列新的芳卤衍生物。产物前体为结构多样性易拓展易制备的四炔化合物,通过环化加成反应,一步法实现两个碳-碳键偶联、一个碳-卤键偶联产物,并且获得了较高的产率。该合成设计体现了绿色化学的理念。相对于普通芳卤衍生物,本方法制备的芳卤连有稠合的五元环,在连接的两个取代基中含一个碳-碳三键。合成研究者都有这样一种共识,就是在分子中有了一个活性基团,这个分子就变活了,分子就具有了容易修饰的位置,以这个位置作起点,进行下一步的修饰反应变得更加便捷。从生产或理论的角度上看,稠环芳卤化合物都占有极其重要的地位,本发明合成的稠环芳卤衍生物可以作为药物中间体或者药物本身,或者作为有机合成中的重要的中间体,在有机合成领域的应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作详细的说明。
实施例1
芳卤衍生物的合成:
合成路线如下所示。
a、前体合成:
前体合成通过Cadiot-Chodkiewicz偶联反应制备。分别称取4-甲基-N,N-二炔丙基苯磺酰胺(4.94g,20mmol),CuCl(3.48g,40mmol),NH2OH·HCl(0.28g,4mmol)置于250mL圆底烧瓶中,在冰水浴中,滴加30%的正丁胺溶液60mL,滴加完毕搅拌10分钟,然后逐滴加如1-溴-1-己炔(9.60g60mmol),加料完毕,反应4小时;反应完毕,水洗、乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥。蒸去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析法分离(洗脱剂为:石油醚/乙酸乙酯为20∶1),得化合物1。
b、串联环化反应:
称取化合物1(407mg,1mmol),置于10mL直形管中,加入5mL甲苯和0.5mL水的混合溶液,搅拌0.5小时,然后加热至90℃,并通入HBr气体,反应16个小时,停止加热,得到溴代苯并异吲哚衍生物的粗产物。
c、纯化:
溴代苯并异吲哚衍生物的粗产物用加水洗涤后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,分离出的有机相先后用5%碳酸氢钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,而后用无水硫酸镁干燥。蒸去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析法分离(洗脱剂为:石油醚/乙酸乙酯为20∶1),得到纯化后的化合物2,即溴代苯并异吲哚衍生物,柱层析产率约为83%。
溴代苯并异吲哚衍生物的结构通过1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS,IR来测定。
溴代苯并异吲哚衍生物(化合物2):
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ7.74-7.76(d,2H,J=8.0Hz;Ar-H),7.30-7.32(d,2H,J=8.0Hz;Ar-H),7.22(s,1H;Ar-H),4.55(s,4H;N-CH2),2.84-2.87(t,2H,J=7.5Hz;Ar-CH2),2.45-2.47(t,2H,J=7.0Hz;Ar-CH2),2.40(s,3H;Ar-CH3),1.55-1.61(m,2H;CH2),1.46-1.50(m,4H;CH2),1.35-1.42(m,2H;CH2),0.91-0.97(m,6H;CH3);
13C NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):δ143.8,143.2,138.4,134.6,133.5,129.9,127.6,125.8,123.5,120.1,99.6,75.9,54.0,53.7,34.4,31.3,30.7,22.9,22.0,21.6,19.3,13.9,13.6ppm;
HRMS(APCI):计算值C25H30BrNO2S[M+H]+,488.1253;实测值:488.1258;
FT-IR(neat):v2952,2866,1636,1459,1342,1160,1102,1067,807,675,592cm-1。
实施例2
芳卤衍生物的合成:
合成路线如下所示。
a、前体合成:
前体合成通过Cadiot-Chodkiewicz偶联反应制备。分别称取二炔化合物(4.12g,20mmol),CuCl(3.48g,40mmol),NH2OH·HCl(0.28g,4mmol)置于250mL圆底烧瓶中,在冰水浴中,滴加30%的正丁胺溶液60mL,滴加完毕搅拌10分钟,然后逐滴加如1-溴-1-己炔(12.60g,60mmol),加料完毕,反应4小时;反应完毕,水洗、乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥。蒸去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析法分离(洗脱剂为:石油醚/乙酸乙酯为20∶1),得化合物3。
b、串联环化反应:
称取化合物3(466mg,1mmol),置于10mL直形管中,加入5mL甲苯和0.5mL水的混合溶液,搅拌0.5小时,然后加热至90℃,并通入HCl气体,反应16个小时,停止加热,得到芳基氯代衍生物的粗产物。
c、纯化:
芳基氯代衍生物的粗产物用加水洗涤后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,分离出的有机相先后用5%碳酸氢钠溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤,而后用无水硫酸镁干燥。蒸去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析法分离(洗脱剂为:石油醚/乙酸乙酯为20∶1),得到纯化后的化合物4,即芳基氯代衍生物,柱层析产率约为84%。
芳基氯代衍生物的结构通过1H NMR,13C NMR,HRMS,IR来测定。
芳基氯代衍生物(化合物4):
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.57-7.55(d,2H,J=6.9Hz;Ar-H),7.32-7.22(m,3H),6.98-6.95(d,2H,J=6.9Hz;Ar-H),6.85-6.82(d,2H,J=7.2Hz;Ar-H),4.31-4.24(q,2H,J=6.9Hz;OCH2CH3),3.86(s,3H;Ar-OCH3),3.81(s,3H;Ar-OCH3), 3.77(s,2H;CH2),3.63(s,2H;CH2),2.29(s,3H;OCH3),1.33-1.28(t,3H,J=6.9Hz;OCH2CH3);
13C NMR(75.5MHz,CDCl3):δ201.9,172.1,159.7,159.3,144.6,143.7,136.4,132.9,131.8,130.4,130.3,129.7,128.2,115.3,114.0,113.4,96.7,85.3,65.3,62.2,55.3,40.1,38.6,26.1,14.1ppm;
C30H27ClO5:503.1620;found:503.1609.
HRMS(APCI):计算值C30H27ClO5[M+H]+,503.1620;实测值:503.1609;
FT-IR(neat):v3449,2974,1713,1508,1440,1288,1234,1176,1070,829,521cm-1。
Claims (2)
1.一种芳卤衍生物的合成方法,步骤包括:a、前体合成;b、环化加成;c、纯化;
所述前体合成通过Cadiot-Chodkiewicz偶联反应制备,将“或者”、CuCl和NH2OH·HCl混合,在冰水浴中冷却,然后加正丁胺溶液后搅拌10min以上,再加入卤代炔烃衍生物,反应4h以上,经水洗、萃取、干燥,蒸去溶剂后分离制得前体四炔化合物;
所述的环化加成步骤为:
将前体四炔化合物放入甲苯和少量水的混合溶液中搅拌混匀,加热至80-110℃,通入卤化氢,反应16h以上,制得芳卤衍生物的粗产物;
所述纯化步骤为:
将粗产物经水洗、萃取、洗涤、干燥,蒸去溶剂后分离制得目标产物即芳卤衍生物;
所述环化加成步骤中甲苯和水的混合溶液中甲苯和水的体积比为10:1,所述前体在甲苯和水的混合溶液中的浓度为0.18摩尔/升;
所述纯化步骤中萃取使用乙酸乙酯萃取,洗涤5%碳酸氢钠溶液、饱和食盐水先后洗涤,干燥使用无水硫酸镁干燥;所述分离用硅胶柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为体积比为20:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合液;
所述芳卤衍生物,其结构式为:
所述前体合成步骤中“或者”、CuCl、NH2OH·HCl、卤代炔烃衍生物的物质的量比为1:2:0.2:3,所述正丁胺溶液浓度为30%,碳、氮或氧的二炔衍生物在丁胺溶液中的浓度为0.33摩尔/升。
2.如权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:所述前体合成步骤中萃取使用乙酸乙酯萃取,干燥使用无水硫酸镁干燥;所述分离用硅胶柱层析法分离,洗脱剂为体积比为20:1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯的混合液。
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