CN108067288A - 一种含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;oxalate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QYCVHILLJSYYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019391 nitrogen oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002796 Si–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016978 MnOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NYAGWQHHGMEXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].[Fe].[Cu++] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Fe].[Cu++] NYAGWQHHGMEXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XXSGMCFZVZDWML-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Fe++].[Cu++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Fe++].[Cu++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XXSGMCFZVZDWML-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- QPPSCXPWECCHRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Fe+2].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Cu+2].[Fe+2].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] QPPSCXPWECCHRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003421 catalytic decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003753 nitric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/08—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- B01J29/10—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/106—Y-type faujasite
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Abstract
本发明公开了含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂及其制备方法,催化剂组成表示为CuFezSixAlO2(x+),z=0.1~5%,x/=1~50,z/=0.1~1,以Y分子筛为载体,以铜铁双金属盐作为活性组分前驱体,制备成水溶液,通过液相离子交换法引入铜铁双金属活性组分,通过控制交换次数与时间来调变铜铁双金属的重量百分比为0~5%,将样品干燥、焙烧形成催化剂粉末,然后通过直接高压挤压成型或涂敷于具有固定形状的基质表面从而获得整体式催化剂。将其用于氨选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中,反应温度为150~500℃,以氨气为还原剂,控制气体总流量在100~400ml/min,空速在10000~128000h‑1。氮氧化物净化效率为90~100%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及烟气脱硝技术领域,特别涉及一种以负载铜铁双金属的硅铝沸石分子筛为活性组分的低温烟道气脱销催化剂及其制备方法,以及在烟气选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝中的应用。
背景技术
氮氧化物(NOX)是污染大气的主要有害物质之一,作为一次污染物,本身会对人体健康产生危害,它可刺激人的眼、鼻、喉和肺部,容易使人患上呼吸系统疾病。更为严重的是,NOx还会产生多种二次污染,诸如酸雨和光化学污染等。化石类燃料(煤炭、石油、天然气)的燃烧是产生大量NOX的主要途径之一,尤其是工业锅炉排放的氮氧化物约占总排放的60%以上。
现有技术中控制NOx排放的方法主要有两大类,一是在燃料燃烧过程中控制NOx的生成,即低氮燃烧技术;二是对生成的NOx进行净化处理,即烟气脱硝技术。在实际生产中,低NOx燃烧技术的脱NOx效率通常不超过60%,已经无法满足日益严格的排放标准。因此为了严格控制NOx的排放,必须要使用有效的烟气脱硝技术。常用的烟气脱硝方法有选择性催化还原法、非选择性催化还原法、吸附法和催化分解法等,其中选择性催化还原法(Selective Cataltic Reduction,简称SCR)是最为成熟、应用也最为广泛的方法。相对于其它技术而言,选择性催化还原法(SCR)利用氨、尿素、氨水等为还原剂,通过催化剂有选择性地还原废气中的NOX转化为非污染的N2和H2O,具有成本低和效率高的特点,是目前应用最为广泛的脱硝技术。
催化剂是SCR脱硝工艺的核心技术,约占总投资的30~50%。目前催化剂分成高温和低温两类,其中高温脱硝(烟气温度>300℃)V2O5/TiO2系催化剂应用较广泛,专利CN102921405B报道了钒基脱硝催化剂及其改进的制备方法。而低温脱硝技术(烟气温度<300℃)可以有效地避免粉尘、碱金属对催化剂的冲蚀,提高催化剂使用寿命,从而受到人们越来越多的关注。其中含Mn系列低温SCR脱硝催化剂居多,专利CN103240081B报道了一种含有MnOx的低温脱硝催化 剂。但是无论高温还是低温脱硝催化剂由于其较窄的温度窗口,在烟气温度及流速不稳定状态下难以达到最佳的工作状态,显现较低的催化转化效率以及中毒失活现象。我国存在大量的工业燃烧设备,包括工业锅炉、煅烧窑炉及水泥回转窑等,在空气预热器与省煤器之间烟气温度通常在250~350℃之间,低于燃煤电站锅炉烟气温度(320~400℃),因此,开发宽温度窗口的脱硝催化剂,不仅能满足电厂在不同负荷条件下NOx的消除,还同时能满足我国工业燃烧设备烟气脱硝的技术需求,具有重要的意义和应用前景。
发明内容
针对现有技术,本发明提供一种脱硝催化剂的制备方法,其制备工艺简单,可以获得对氨选择性还原NOx具有高效率的载铜铁双金属的硅铝分子筛催化剂,本发明制备方法发挥分子筛催化剂具有无毒无害、宽温度窗口且较高热稳定性的特点制得了一种环境友好且在宽的温度范围内对NOx催化消除性能良好的脱硝催化剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明予以实现的技术方案是:一种氨选择性催化还原去除氮氧化物的催化剂,原料组成表示为CuFezSixAlO2(x+),z=0.1~5%,x/=1~50,z/=0.1~1,其中,CuFe的重量百分比为0.1~5%,余量为分子筛,分子筛为Y分子筛。
其中,原料组成中所使用的铜铁双金属盐为硝酸铜铁双金属,硫酸铜铁双金属,草酸铜铁双金属,氯化铜铁双金属,中的一种或多种。
一种氨选择性催化还原去除氮氧化物的催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、以Y分子筛为载体,以铜铁双金属盐作为活性组分前驱体,制备成水溶液,通过液相离子交换法引入铜铁双金属活性组分,通过控制交换次数与时间来调变铜铁双金属的重量百分比为0~5%,将上述处理好的样品干燥,在空气中500~600℃焙烧6~12h,形成催化剂粉末。
步骤二、将步骤一获得的催化剂粉末通过直接高压挤压成型或涂敷于具有固定形状的基质表面,从而获得整体式催化剂。
本发明提供的一种氨选择性催化还原去除氮氧化物的催化剂的应用是经过以下步骤:
将上述制备得到的催化剂放入固定床反应器中,用于氨选择催化还原氮氧化物反应中,反应温度为150~500℃,以氨气为还原剂,控制气体总流量在100~400ml/min,空速在10000~128000h-1。
本发明通过水热法制备了一种在宽的温度范围内对NOx脱除性能良好的新型载铜铁双金属的硅铝分子筛脱硝催化剂,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、催化剂表现出优异的氮氧化物净化效果,氮氧化物净化效率可达90~100%。
2、催化剂组分硅铝分子筛为主,无毒无害,不含有毒物质V2O5;
3、氨选择催化还原氮氧化物反应温度窗口较宽,适用于低温及高温烟道气中的氮氧化物处理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步详细描述,所描述的具体实施例仅对本发明进行解释说明,并不用以限制本发明。
实施例1:1.2%CuFe-Y催化剂的制备
1)以1M氯化铜/铁双金属溶液为前驱体,通过离子交换法在Y分子筛中引入CuFe,交换方法为:称取Y样品100g置于250ml的圆底烧瓶中,然后按照计量比加入50ml的氯化铜/铁双金属溶液,然后加去离子水至200ml,在80℃水浴条件下搅拌15h,然后抽滤、洗涤、烘干。上述步骤重复两次,最终测得CuFe含量为1.2%,然后在550℃焙烧10h,得到1.2%CuFe-Y。
2)将1.2%CuFe-Y催化剂通过直接挤压成型法,得到自支撑整体式催化剂。
实施例2:3.1%CuFe-Y催化剂的制备
1)以1M硫酸铜/铁双金属溶液为前驱体,通过离子交换法在Y中引入CuFe,交换方法为:称取Y样品100g置于250ml的圆底烧瓶中,然后按照计量比加入50ml的硫酸铜/铁双金属溶液,然后加去离子水至200ml,在80℃水浴条件下搅拌18h,然后抽滤、洗涤、烘干。上述步骤重复两次,最终测得CuFe含量为3.1%,然后在550℃焙烧10h,得到3.1%CuFe-Y。
2)将3.1%CuFe-Y催化剂通过直接挤压成型法,得到自支撑整体式催化剂。
实施例3:CuFe-Y催化剂在氮氧化物氨选择催化还原中的应用
将1.2%CuFe-Y自支撑整体式催化剂5g放入长为50cm、内径2cm的不锈钢固定床反应器中,催化剂放在反应器的中部恒温区,反应入口处:氮氧化物=1000ppm;氨气=1100ppm;氧气=5%;水蒸气=12%;二氧化硫=30ppm;反应温度=150~500℃,反应空速为30000h-1。产物用氮氧化物分析仪(NOVAL PLUS多功能型烟气分析仪)进行在线分析。催化结果表明:1.2%CuFe-Y具有优异的NH3-SCR性能,经过催化净化过程,350℃时氮氧化物转化率可达90%。
尽管上面对本发明进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨的情况下,还可以做出很多变形,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂,其特征在于:
其组成表示为CuFezSixAlO2(x+),z=0.1~5%,x/=1~50,z/=0.1~1,其中,CuFe的重量百分比为0.1~5%,余量为分子筛,。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂,其特征在于:所述分子筛为Y分子筛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂,其特征在于:原料组成中所使用的铜铁双金属盐为硝酸铜/硝酸铁,硫酸铜/硫酸铁,草酸铜/草酸铁,氯化铜/氯化铁双金属盐中的一种或多种。
4.一种权利要求1~3任一权利要求所述的含铜铁双金属多孔催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一、以分子筛为载体,以铜铁双金属盐作为活性组分前驱体,制备成水溶液,通过液相离子交换法引入铜铁双金属活性组分,通过控制交换次数与时间来调变铜铁双金属的重量百分比为0.1~5%,将上述处理好的样品干燥,在空气中500~600℃焙烧6~12h,形成催化剂粉末。
步骤二、将步骤一获得的催化剂粉末通过直接高压挤压成型或涂敷于具有固定形状的基质表面,从而获得整体式催化剂。
5.一种权利要求1所述的催化剂在氨选择性催化还原去除氮氧化物反应中的应用,其特征在于:反应温度为150~500℃,以氨气为还原剂,控制气体总流量在100~400ml/min,空速在10000~128000h-1。
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