CN108047348B - 一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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CN108047348B
CN108047348B CN201711490444.8A CN201711490444A CN108047348B CN 108047348 B CN108047348 B CN 108047348B CN 201711490444 A CN201711490444 A CN 201711490444A CN 108047348 B CN108047348 B CN 108047348B
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徐泽民
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和用途。本发明的一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,包括以下制备原料:瓜尔胶粉、氢氧化钠的水溶液和环氧丙烷;其中,所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度为1~2,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~30%,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1~8倍。本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,羟丙基摩尔取代度高,为1~2;0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶水溶液在600纳米波长的透光率大于90%;在高浓度乙醇溶液(乙醇水溶液中乙醇的质量比为50%~75%)中,具有良好的溶解性和增稠性,可用作乙醇基消毒凝胶用增稠剂。

Description

一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和用途
技术领域
本发明属于日用化学品技术领域,涉及一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
瓜尔胶是一种天然的非离子型亲水聚半乳甘露聚糖,从豆科植物(Cyamopsistetragonoloba)种子中提取,主要源自印度和巴基斯坦。用于制备瓜尔胶的瓜尔豆种子由一对坚韧的非脆性胚乳部分组成,所述胚乳部分俗称瓜尔豆片,在它们之间夹有脆性的胚(胚芽)。在除壳之后,使种子裂开,通过筛分除去胚芽(种子的43-47%)。所述瓜尔豆片包含大约78-82%的瓜尔胶和少量的一些蛋白质材料、无机盐、水不溶性胶和细胞膜,以及一些残余种子表皮和种子胚。
瓜尔胶的分子量约200万,分子呈线型结构,主链中含有D-甘露糖单元,支链中含有D-半乳糖单元,半乳糖与甘露糖的确切比例随生长季节而变化。瓜尔胶高度分散于各种类型和盐度的冷热水和盐水中。瓜耳胶用作乳化剂,增稠剂,稳定剂,并被批准用于广泛的食品,化妆品和药物。
瓜尔胶在水溶液中很好地水合,但是关于溶液透明度,醇溶解性和改进的热稳定性导致许多化学改性的瓜尔胶的发展。改性的瓜尔胶是通过化学改性瓜尔胶获得的聚合物。该化学改性常常被称作衍生化。该改性在瓜尔胶聚合物骨架上提供侧基团。所述侧基团通常通过醚键连接到骨架上。平均三个羟基可用于在瓜尔胶中的D-甘露糖或D-半乳糖糖单元上的衍生化。这种分子中最大的理论取代度(DS)为3。用醚如羟丙基取代羟基将允许侧基延伸,这可能改变瓜尔胶的溶解度和其它特性。摩尔取代(MS)定义为每个糖单元的含羟基取代基的平均数,并且由于羟基的额外可用性而可以超过三个。
CN103641927A公开了一种适用于低温条件下连续混配的速溶瓜尔胶的制备方法,该制备方法具体为:在捏合机中利用瓜尔胶片进行化学改性和中和反应而制得羟丙基瓜尔胶片,并加入纳米材料和表面处理剂进行表面改性而获得表面改性物料,然后将表面改性物料应用四辊机碾压技术、二次拉伸及增粘技术、扰流干燥技术、气流涡旋微粉粉碎及分选技术获得低温条件下连续混配的速溶瓜尔胶。但是,该发明未提及羟丙基摩尔取代度问题,样品也未经过纯化处理。
CN103113486A公开了一种磺酸改性羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶及其制备方法和应用,该发明的磺酸改性羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶,其结构式如下所示:其中,R=H,n=0,1,2或3;或,R=OH,n=0~6。该发明中所涉及的羟丙基摩尔取代度为0.15-0.4。
CN104130337A公开了一种由瓜尔胶片一步法制备羧甲基羟丙基瓜尔胶粉的方法,该方法将瓜尔胶片加入到有机溶剂-水混合溶液中,升温至30~80℃,加入氢氧化钠溶液,碱化反应2~60min,碱化反应完成后,加入醚化剂,在30~80℃下反应30~180min,反应结束后降温,过滤,洗涤,粉碎,干燥得到成品;该发明所涉及的羟丙基的摩尔取代度0.8。
现有技术中制得的羟丙基瓜尔胶的取代度普遍较低,溶解性和增稠性能有待进一步提高。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,其羟丙基摩尔取代度高,为1~2,具有良好的溶解性和增稠性。
为达此目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,包括以下制备原料:瓜尔胶粉、氢氧化钠的水溶液和环氧丙烷;其中,所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度为1~2,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~30%,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1~8倍。
羟丙基瓜尔胶是通过瓜尔胶与环氧丙烷醚化反应得到的一种瓜尔胶衍生物,它的溶解速度、水不溶物含量、稳定性等性能均明显优于瓜尔胶原粉。羟丙基的摩尔取代度(MS)是影响羟丙基瓜尔胶性能的主要因素之一。需要说明的是,本发明所述的高取代度是指瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度在1以上,尤其指瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度为1~2。
高取代度的羟丙基瓜尔胶是天然多糖瓜尔胶的衍生物,瓜尔胶衍生物类广泛应用于化妆品行业,添加瓜尔胶衍生物可以增加日化产品的肤感。本发明中,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~30%,例如所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%、11%、12%、13%、14%、15%、16%、17%、18%、19%、20%、21%、22%、23%、24%、25%、26%、27%、28%、29%、30%。所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1~8倍,例如所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1倍、2倍、3倍、4倍、5倍、6倍、7倍、8倍。
优选地,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的2~5倍。
进一步地,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~20%。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:在瓜尔胶粉中,加入氢氧化钠的水溶液,边搅拌边分次加入环氧丙烷进行反应,得到所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,其中,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~30%,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1~8倍。
本发明中,分次加入环氧丙烷的总反应的时间为1~5h,例如分次加入环氧丙烷的总反应的时间为1h、2h、3h、4h、5h。
优选地,分次加入环氧丙烷时每次的环氧丙烷的加入量为环氧丙烷加入总量的1/4~1/3,例如分次加入环氧丙烷的量为环氧丙烷加入总量的1/4、1/3,直至全部加完。
本发明中,所述反应的温度为50~70℃,例如反应温度为50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃。
作为本发明的优选方案,分次加入环氧丙烷反应后,还包括如下步骤:分次加入环氧丙烷反应后,降温,加入酸中和,反应后的产物经丙酮溶液洗涤,真空干燥,得到所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶。
优选地,加入酸后中和至中性,pH为7左右。
优选地,所述酸为醋酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种。
所述干燥的温度为80~120℃,例如干燥的温度为80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃。
作为本发明的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:在瓜尔胶粉中,加入氢氧化钠的水溶液,50~70℃的温度下边搅拌边分次加入环氧丙烷反应1~5h,降温,加入酸中和至中性,反应后的产物经丙酮溶液洗涤,80~120℃真空干燥,得到所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,其中,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~30%,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的1~8倍。
本发明的目的之三在于提供一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的用途,将高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶用作乙醇基消毒凝胶增稠剂。本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度MS范围在1~2。配制的0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶水溶液在600纳米波长的透光率大于90%。在高浓度乙醇水溶液(高浓度是指乙醇水溶液中乙醇的质量比为50%~75%)中,具有很好的溶解性,可以作为乙醇基消毒凝胶的增稠剂。现有的消毒凝胶配方专利中,采用的是合成增稠剂卡波姆或羟丙基纤维素来提供高浓度醇水相中的粘度。本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的提供了良好的增稠能力,为乙醇基消毒凝胶提供良好的增稠体系;在传统的增稠剂卡波姆和羟丙基纤维素以外,又增加了一种新的乙醇基消毒凝胶用增稠剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,羟丙基摩尔取代度高,为1~2;0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶水溶液在600纳米波长的透光率大于90%。
(2)本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,在高浓度乙醇溶液(乙醇水溶液中乙醇的质量比为50%~75%)中,具有良好的溶解性和增稠性,可用作乙醇基消毒凝胶用增稠剂。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的瓜尔胶粉的核磁氢谱图;
图2为本发明的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的核磁氢谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图1、2,并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
162克瓜尔胶粉,100克25%的氢氧化钠水溶液在10分钟内加入,将混合物搅拌15分钟,同时氮气氛围保护。然后,将混合物加热至70℃,同时分多次加入总共160克环氧丙烷,在2小时内加完,在70℃保持3小时。将混合物冷却至室温,并通过加入冰醋酸中和至pH7。将混合物用1000毫升的50%丙酮水溶液洗涤过滤两次,再用1000毫升的丙酮洗涤过滤;将固体真空干燥,粉碎,得到高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶。
本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度MS为1.5。在25℃的1%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的溶液的粘度1900cp(Brookfield粘度计,20转),在600纳米的0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的溶液的透光率为92%。其中,采用的原料瓜尔胶粉的核磁氢谱图如图1所示,本发明制得的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶粉的核磁氢谱图如图2所示。与图1相比,图2中在6.4ppm左右处有一个明显的特征峰,说明羟丙基已被取代到瓜尔胶的分子链中。
实施例2-12
改变高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的原料的用量,具体用量如表1所示,重复实施类似实施例1的步骤,得到了不同的MS值,在25℃的1%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的溶液的粘度和0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的溶液的透光率如表2所示。
表1
Figure BDA0001535506310000061
Figure BDA0001535506310000071
表2
Figure BDA0001535506310000072
将实施例1-12制得的的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶用于制备透明免洗消毒凝胶,透明免洗消毒凝胶的具体配方如表3所示。对于消毒凝胶配方中的消毒剂效果,公认的乙醇含量60%以上,以及醋酸氯己定含量0.5%以上的溶液具有非常优异的消毒效果。
表3
透明免洗消毒凝胶的原料 质量百分含量(%)
醋酸氯己定 0.5
乙醇 60
高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶 1.5
pH调节剂 0.1
甘油 5
补足至100
按表3的配方制得的透明免洗消毒凝胶作为实施例13-24,测定其粘度(cp,Brookfield粘度计,20转)和透光率(600nm),实验结果如表4所示。
表4
Figure BDA0001535506310000081
Figure BDA0001535506310000091
本发明的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶,羟丙基摩尔取代度高,为1~2;0.5%高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶水溶液在600纳米波长的透光率大于90%。,本发明的高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶具有良好的溶解性和增稠性,可用作乙醇基消毒凝胶用增稠剂,特别适合高浓度乙醇溶液(乙醇水溶液中乙醇的质量比为50%~75%)的增稠剂。
以上实施例仅用来说明本发明的详细方法,本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶用作乙醇基消毒凝胶增稠剂的用途,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述乙醇基消毒凝胶的原料包括:
Figure FDA0002807694830000011
余量为水;
所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶包括以下制备原料:瓜尔胶粉、氢氧化钠的水溶液和环氧丙烷;其中,所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的羟丙基摩尔取代度为1~2,所述氢氧化钠的水溶液中的氢氧化钠的质量浓度为5~20%,所述环氧丙烷的用量为所述瓜尔胶粉的摩尔量的2~5倍;
所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶的制备方法包括如下步骤:在瓜尔胶粉中,加入氢氧化钠的水溶液,50~65℃的温度下边搅拌边分次加入环氧丙烷进行反应1~5h,降温,加入酸中和至中性,反应后的产物经丙酮溶液洗涤,80~120℃真空干燥,得到所述高取代羟丙基瓜尔胶;
分次加入环氧丙烷时每次的环氧丙烷的加入量为环氧丙烷加入总量的1/4~1/3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述酸为醋酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种。
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