CN108047064B - 一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法 - Google Patents

一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法 Download PDF

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CN108047064B
CN108047064B CN201711075951.5A CN201711075951A CN108047064B CN 108047064 B CN108047064 B CN 108047064B CN 201711075951 A CN201711075951 A CN 201711075951A CN 108047064 B CN108047064 B CN 108047064B
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黄永吉
袁航空
王红利
石峰
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法,该方法以对硝基苯甲醚为反应原料,使用复合催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,在80‑150℃的反应温度、氢气压力为0.3‑1 Mpa下,在带有机械搅拌的密闭反应器中反应4‑12小时,从而获得对氨基苯甲醚;复合催化剂由活性组分金属M和载体组成,其中活性组分金属M为Cu、Ni、Fe、Zn、Co、Cr、Mo中两种或两种以上,其含量为复合催化剂质量的0.3‑25 wt.%;载体由含碳有机物‑无机氧化物复合组成,含碳有机物与无机氧化物的质量比为1:50‑1:10,无机氧化物选择SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、CeO2、4A分子筛中的任意一种。

Description

一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种对硝基苯甲醚多相催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法。
背景技术
对氨基苯甲醚也称对甲氧基苯胺或对茴香胺,是一种传统精细化学品,广泛应用于医药中间体、摄影材料、农业化学品、聚合物、染料等领域。据不完全统计,我国作为全球对氨基苯甲醚的主要生产国和供应国,对氨基苯甲醚产量约占全球产量的80 %。目前国内通过对硝基苯甲醚生产对氨基苯甲醚的传统工业生产方法是采用硫化碱法或铁粉还原法。但以上两种方法存在着能耗高、投入成本高、转化率和选择性低、产生大量废渣、废液严重污染环境等诸多问题,因此,探索研究高效、绿色环保、经济的催化体系迫在眉睫。多相催化加氢还原工艺收率高、能耗小,是一种绿色经济的理想工艺路线,有望取代传统的还原法工艺。
中国专利 200810018791.5公开了以多相催化加氢法制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法。该方法以对硝基苯甲醚为原料,雷尼镍或Pd/C为催化剂,通入氢气进行催化加氢还原反应。但是该方法难以高收率、高选择性地制备对氨基苯甲醚,目标产物产率只有80%;同时所用雷尼镍催化剂保存使用条件苛刻,而Pd/C催化剂成本高,都是其不利因素。
中国专利201510952422.3报道了以乙醇为溶剂,以对硝基苯甲醚为原料,KT-02负载型镍为催化剂,通入氢气进行催化加氢还原反应。尽管该方法目标产物的转化率为98 %;但是溶剂存在下,需要额外的能耗进行产物分离;同时所用催化剂制备过程复杂,难以推广应用。
中国专利200510200434.7公开了一种由Ru以及Al、Ni、M(Fe、Mn、Mo或Cr)组成的骨架钌催化剂。该催化剂性能优良,产物的产率达到99 %,但是该催化剂以贵金属钌为主成分,生产成本高;同时催化剂制备过程复杂、对设备要求高、投资大,难以工业应用。
纵观以上多种报道,至今现有技术未能实现在工业生产的规模上,高选择性、高收率的制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种对硝基苯甲醚多相催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法,所述方法是在较温和的反应条件下,以对硝基苯甲醚为原料,使用复合催化剂,经过多相催化加氢反应,实现高转化率和高选择性地制备对氨基苯甲醚。
为此,本发明提供了一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法,其特征在于该方法以对硝基苯甲醚为反应原料,使用复合催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,在80-150℃的反应温度、氢气压力为0.3-1 Mpa下,在带有机械搅拌的密闭反应器中反应4-12小时,从而获得对氨基苯甲醚;所述复合催化剂由活性组分金属M和载体组成,其中活性组分金属M为 Cu、Ni、Fe、Zn、Co、Cr、Mo中两种或两种以上,其含量为复合催化剂质量的0.3-25 wt.%;所述载体由含碳有机物-无机氧化物复合组成,所述含碳有机物与无机氧化物的质量比为1:50-1:10,所述无机氧化物选择SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、CeO2、4A分子筛中的任意一种。
所述复合催化剂与对硝基苯甲醚的质量比为0.01:1-0.1:1。
所述复合催化剂采用沉积沉淀法制备:
将含有不同比例活性组分金属的可溶性盐与甲醛、间苯二酚同时加入到无机氧化物均匀分散的水溶液中并在水浴下充分搅拌;缓慢加入作为沉淀剂的选自碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属氢氧化物、氨水或尿素水溶液中的至少一种进行沉淀,然后经过干燥、焙烧和还原,从而获得所述复合催化剂。
所述复合催化剂制备的水浴温度为60-100 ℃,反应时间为5-24 h;所述干燥温度80-150 ℃,干燥时间1-5 h;所述焙烧在N2保护下温度为400-800 ℃,时间3-15 h;所述还原温度为400-800 ℃,氢气流速20 mL/min,还原时间1-5 h。
所述活性组分金属的可溶性盐是所述金属的硝酸盐或氯化物,并且所述沉淀剂是选自碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水和尿素水溶液中的至少一种。
本发明与现有技术比较具有以下优点:
1、本发明采用的复合催化剂活性高、收率高、成本低、易于推广。
2、本发明采用的复合催化剂制备方法简单,反应条件温和,催化剂性能稳定,无毒无腐蚀性且易于分离和重复使用。
3、本发明采用对硝基苯甲醚为原料,无需添加溶剂、反应副产物少、低成本低污染、原子利用率高、后期处理简单。
具体实施方式
复合催化剂的制备
实施例1 (Ni-Cr/C-SiO2)
称取20 g SiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铬0.37g (0.9 mmol),六水硝酸镍0.26 g (0.9 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂A。
实施例2 (Ni-Fe/C-Al2O3)
称取20 g Al2O3加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍0.6g (2 mmol),九水硝酸铁0.81 g (2 mmol),0.7 g (6.5 mmol)间苯二酚,1.1 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂B。
实施例3 (Ni-Zn/C-Al2O3)
称取20 g Al2O3加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍0.3g (1 mmol),六水硝酸锌0.3 g (1 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂C。
实施例4 (Ni-Co/C-Al2O3)
称取20 g Al2O3加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍14 g(50 mmol),六水硝酸钴14 g (50 mmol),0.7 g (6.5 mmol)间苯二酚,1.1 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂D。
实施例5 (Cu-Ni/ C-4A分子筛)
称取20 g 4A分子筛加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取三水硝酸铜1.33 g (5.5 mmol),六水硝酸镍3.2 g (11 mmol),0.35 g (3.8 mmol)间苯二酚,0.6 g(37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂E。
实施例6 (Cu-Ni/C-TiO2)
称取20 g TiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取三水硝酸铜0.48g (2 mmol),六水硝酸镍0.29 g (1 mmol),1.1 g(10 mmol) 间苯二酚,1.6 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂F。
实施例7 (Ni-Cu/C-MgO)
称取20 g MgO加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取三水硝酸铜1.7 g(7 mmol),六水硝酸镍1.5 g (5 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下500℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10℃/min条件下升温至500 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂G。
实施例8 (Ni-Cr/C-CeO2)
称取20 g CeO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铬0.9g (3 mmol),六水硝酸镍1.5 g (5 mmol), 2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加25%氨水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂H。
实施例9 (Fe-Mo/C-MgO)
称取20 g MgO加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铁0.8 g(2 mmol),五水硝酸钼0.9 g (2 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下400℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至400 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂I。
实施例10 (Ni-Fe/C-SiO2)
称取20 g SiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铁0.6g (1.5 mmol),六水硝酸镍0.29 g (1 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4h,接着在N2保护条件下550℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至550 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂J。
实施例11 (Ni-Zn/ C-MgO)
称取20 g MgO加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸锌2.7 g(9 mmol),六水硝酸镍7.8 g (27 mmol),0.7 g (6.5 mmol)间苯二酚,1.1 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂K。
实施例12 (Ni-Mo/C-SiO2)
称取20 g SiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍0.3g (1 mmol),五水硝酸钼0.45 g (1 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂L。
实施例13 (Ni-Cu/ C-Al2O3)
称取20 g Al2O3加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍1.2g (4 mmol),三水硝酸铜1 g (4 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10℃/min 条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂M。
实施例14 (Cu-Ni-Fe/C-CeO2)
称取20 g CeO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍1.2g (4 mmol),三水硝酸铜1 g (4 mmol),九水硝酸铁0.6 g (1.5 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加2 mol/L的尿素水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂N。
实施例15 (Cu-Ni-Zn/C-SiO2)
称取20 g SiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸镍1.2g (4 mmol),三水硝酸铜1 g (4 mmol),六水硝酸锌0.9 g (3 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂O。
实施例16 (Ni-Zn-Co/C-MgO)
称取20 g MgO加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取六水硝酸锌2.7 g(9 mmol),六水硝酸镍7.8 g (27 mmol),六水硝酸钴3 g (10 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂P。
实施例17 (Cu-Cr-Fe/C-MgO)
称取20 g MgO加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铬1.2 g(3 mmol),三水硝酸铜1 g (4 mmol),九水硝酸铁0.6 g (1.5 mmol),2.2 g (20 mmol)间苯二酚,3.25 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450 ℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂Q。
实施例18 (Ni-Cr-Mo/C-TiO2)
称取20 g TiO2加入到150 mL去离子水,搅拌2 h,分散均匀;称取九水硝酸铬0.37g (0.9 mmol),六水硝酸镍0.26 g (0.9 mmol),五水硝酸钼1.35 g (3 mmol),1.1 g (10mmol)间苯二酚,1.68 g (37 wt.%)甲醛水溶液,加入到上述溶液中,在80 ℃水浴中加热并搅拌。缓慢滴加1.7 mol/L的Na2CO3水溶液50 mL,搅拌3 h后,将混合液离心,洗涤至中性,移至干燥箱在100 ℃下干燥4 h,接着在N2保护条件下450℃焙烧4 h,最后使用程序升温还原炉,在氢气流速20 mL/min、升温速率10 ℃/min条件下升温至450 ℃,保温2 h后降至室温,获得催化剂R。
对氨基苯甲醚的制备
实施例19
分别称取实施例中的催化剂A、B、C、D各5 g,0.5 Kg对硝基苯甲醚加入到500 mL带有机械搅拌的高压反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中的空气三次,再通入0.5 MPa H2,加热搅拌80 ℃反应,当反应压力低于0.3 MPa时补充氢气至0.5 MPa。反应6 h后停止加热并冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应液中回收得到催化剂。使用Agilent 7890A(30m×0.25mm×0.33μm毛细管柱,氢火焰离子检测器)气相色谱仪对反应混合物进行定量分析。其他的副产物用Agilent7890A气相色谱-质谱联用仪(配备NIST Mass Spectral Database化学工作站)进行定性分析。反应产物为对氨基苯甲醚,分析结果见表1。
实施例20
分别称取实施例中的催化剂E、F、G、H、I各5 g,0.5 Kg对硝基苯甲醚加入到500 mL带有机械搅拌的高压反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中的空气三次,再通入0.5 MPa H2,加热搅拌100 ℃反应,当反应压力低于0.3 MPa时补充氢气至0.5 MPa。反应6 h后停止加热并冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应混合液中回收得到催化剂。检测方法同实施例19,分析结果见表1。
实施例21
分别称取实施例中的催化剂J、 K、L、M、N各5 g,0.5 Kg对硝基苯甲醚加入到500mL带有机械搅拌的高压反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中的空气三次,再通入0.5 MPa H2,加热搅拌120 ℃反应,当反应压力低于0.3 MPa时补充氢气至0.5 MPa。反应6 h后停止加热并冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应混合液中回收得到催化剂。检测方法同实施例19,分析结果见表1。
实施例22
分别称取实施例中的催化剂O、P、Q、R各5 g,0.5 Kg对硝基苯甲醚加入到500 mL带有机械搅拌的高压反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中的空气三次,再通入0.5 MPa H2,加热搅拌150 ℃反应,当反应压力低于0.3 MPa时补充氢气至0.5 MPa。反应6 h后停止加热并冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应混合液中回收得到催化剂。检测方法同实施例19,分析结果见表1。
表1
Figure 533398DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
将实施例21中的催化剂M离心、洗涤、干燥后,与0.5 Kg对硝基苯甲醚共同加入到500 mL带有磁力搅拌的反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中的空气三次,然后加热搅拌,进行重复使用性能测试。升温到120 ℃保温6 h。催化剂的分离和重复使用研究重复进行四次,即分别进行二次,三次,四次和五次使用性能研究。反应后使用Agilent 7890A (30m×0.25mm×0.33μm毛细管柱,氢火焰离子检测器)气相色谱仪对反应混合物进行定量分析。其他的副产物用Agilent7890A气相色谱-质谱联用仪(配备NIST Mass Spectral Database化学工作站)进行定性分析。反应产物为对氨基苯甲醚,收率分别为99%,98%,99%,97%。
从以上结果可以看出,本发明制备的复合催化剂可以重复利用,并且在重复使用中,其仍具有与最初使用时相当的催化活性。
本发明采用以对硝基苯甲醚为原料,使用复合催化剂,经过多相催化加氢反应,实现高转化率和高选择性地制备对氨基苯甲醚,整个过程经济、廉价且环境友好;所使用的催化剂可简单且廉价地制得,并具有高催化活性;反应条件较为温和,催化剂无腐蚀性且易于分离并能够重复使用,具有工业化生产的广阔前景。

Claims (6)

1.一种对硝基苯甲醚催化加氢制备对氨基苯甲醚的方法,其特征在于该方法以对硝基苯甲醚为反应原料,使用复合催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,在80-150 ℃的反应温度、氢气压力为0.3-1 Mpa下,在带有机械搅拌的密闭反应器中反应4-12小时,从而获得对氨基苯甲醚;所述复合催化剂由活性组分金属M和载体组成,其中活性组分金属M为 Cu、Ni、Fe、Zn、Co、Cr、Mo中两种或两种以上,其含量为复合催化剂质量的0.3-25 wt.%;所述载体由含碳有机物-无机氧化物复合组成,所述含碳有机物与无机氧化物的质量比为1:50-1:10,所述无机氧化物选择SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、TiO2、CeO2、4Å分子筛中的任意一种;
所述复合催化剂采用沉积沉淀法制备:
将含有不同比例活性组分金属的可溶性盐与甲醛、间苯二酚同时加入到无机氧化物均匀分散的水溶液中并在水浴下充分搅拌;缓慢加入作为沉淀剂的选自碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属氢氧化物、氨水或尿素水溶液中的至少一种进行沉淀,然后经过干燥、焙烧和还原,从而获得所述复合催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述复合催化剂与对硝基苯甲醚的质量比为0.01:1-0.1:1。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述复合催化剂制备的水浴温度为60-100℃,反应时间为5-24 h。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述干燥温度80-150 ℃,干燥时间1-5 h;所述焙烧在N2保护下温度为400-800 ℃,时间3-15 h;所述还原温度为400-800 ℃,氢气流速20 mL/min,还原时间1-5 h。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述活性组分金属的可溶性盐是所述金属的硝酸盐或氯化物。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述沉淀剂是选自碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氨水和尿素水溶液中的至少一种。
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