CN108037052B - Infrared optical automatic sand measuring device and method for hydrologic station - Google Patents
Infrared optical automatic sand measuring device and method for hydrologic station Download PDFInfo
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- CN108037052B CN108037052B CN201711460230.6A CN201711460230A CN108037052B CN 108037052 B CN108037052 B CN 108037052B CN 201711460230 A CN201711460230 A CN 201711460230A CN 108037052 B CN108037052 B CN 108037052B
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005358 geomagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 110
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0053—Investigating dispersion of solids in liquids, e.g. trouble
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N2015/0687—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions in solutions, e.g. non volatile residue
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological sand measurement, and discloses an infrared optical automatic sand measurement device and method for a hydrological station. The sand measuring device comprises a guide rail a pulley device arranged on the guide rail and moving along the guide rail, the pulley device directly or indirectly drives the height adjusting device, the infrared sand measuring sensor and the data acquisition and control module which move up and down along the guide rail; the height adjusting device enables the infrared sand measuring sensor to keep a distance from the water surface; the infrared sand measuring sensor is parallel to the water surface; data acquisition and data acquisition control module for data processing and communication; infrared sand measuring device on the sensor an azimuth detection sensor is arranged; the azimuth detection sensor is connected with the data acquisition and control module. According to the invention, a floating measurement scheme is creatively adopted, the infrared sand measurement sensor can be ensured to measure at the same distance with the water surface in different time periods or at different water levels through the height adjusting device, and the measurement precision and accuracy are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological sand measurement, in particular to an infrared optical automatic sand measurement device and method for a hydrological station.
Background
In hydrology, sediment generally refers to solid particles that move or once move under the action of river currents. The water carries the sediment and the river bed is composed of the sediment, and the sediment between the water and the river bed is exchanged frequently, so that the sediment flushing change of the river bed is caused by the exchange.
The suspended substances are also called suspended sand, and refer to sediment which is carried by water and is suspended in the water away from a river bed and moves forward along with the water flow. Sediment moving from more than twice the size of the sediment at the bottom of the river to the water surface is generally regarded as suspended matter. This portion of sediment is not in contact with the bed for a considerable period of time, due to the turbulence of the water flow remaining suspended.
The traditional suspended sediment testing method in hydrology comprises the following steps: and (3) using a sediment sampling instrument for site sampling, and adopting a drying method in a sand measuring room to calculate the suspended load sediment content. In this case, the field sampling takes a lot of time and labor, and the field sampling work is performed at a height Hong Shi, which is a high risk. In addition, the drying method comprises two steps of precipitating a concentrated water sample, drying and cooling a beaker filled with the concentrated water sample, and the required time is different according to the difference of the sand content, but the precipitation is carried out for at least 7 days, the drying is carried out for 8 hours, the steps are complicated, and the timeliness is poor. The traditional suspended solid sampling test method cannot be used for real-time online measurement, is difficult to capture Sha Feng, and does not accord with the current hydrologic development trend.
Currently available sand meters for online measurement are mainly of the following four types: isotope sand measuring instrument, ultrasonic sand measuring instrument, infrared light sand measuring instrument, vibration sand measuring instrument. Wherein the isotope sand meter has a wide measurement range of 1000kg/m 3 But at low sand content the resolution is not ideal and there are radiation problems. The ultrasonic sand measuring instrument has large volume, high price and difficult installation. Vibration sand meters require a large flow rate at the installation site, and in addition, when the flow rate is small or the sand content is large, the vibration tube is easily blocked, and normal measurement cannot be performed. The infrared sand meter has small volume, is convenient to install and is accurate in measurement under the condition of low sand content.
The water conservancy projects are arranged at the upstream and downstream of most stations in the south China, and the water and soil conservation force is continuously increased, so that most suspended solid particles with large particle size are intercepted under a gate, the suspended solid sediment of a river tends to be uniform in transverse distribution of the section, and the water conservancy project is an advantage condition for the water conservancy projects to realize on-line monitoring of the suspended solid sediment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrological station;
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring sand of an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrologic station.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrologic station comprises a guide rail, a pulley device arranged on the guide rail and moving along the guide rail, a height adjusting device directly or indirectly driven by the pulley device to move up and down along the guide rail, an infrared sand measuring sensor and a data acquisition and control module; the height adjusting device enables the infrared sand measuring sensor to keep a distance from the water surface; the data acquisition and control module is used for data processing and communication; an azimuth detection sensor is arranged on the infrared sand detection sensor; the azimuth detection sensor is connected with the data acquisition and control module; the azimuth detection sensor obtains the posture of the tracker at the current moment by comparing the three sensors of the accelerometer, the gyroscope and the magnetic sensor which are integrated together with the gravity and the geomagnetic field when the sensor is stationary, and integrates the posture and the acceleration to obtain the space position; the infrared sand measuring sensor is provided with a lens protection device; the lens protection device comprises a driving device and a movable cover driven by the driving device, wherein a brush for cleaning the lens is arranged on the inner side of the movable cover.
The inventor unexpectedly discovers a relation curve of sediment content and water depth and the influence of measurement accuracy of the infrared sand measuring sensor on downward directions of different water flows of different sediment concentrations of different water depths, so that the automatic sand measuring device provided by the invention adopts a floating measurement scheme creatively, and the infrared sand measuring sensor can be ensured to measure at the same distance with the water surface in different time periods or at different water levels through the height adjusting device, and the measurement accuracy and accuracy are effectively improved.
The azimuth detection sensor can detect the azimuth of the infrared sand detection sensor, and the influence on detection accuracy caused by the change of the direction due to the impact of water flow and the like is avoided.
Further, the infrared sand measuring sensor comprises a back scattering optical sensor, a side scattering optical sensor and a temperature sensor.
The infrared sand measuring sensor is easy to adhere sundries such as algae and moss on the surface in water for a long time, and often causes great pollution to a lens of the sensor, and influences measuring accuracy. According to the invention, the lens protection device is skillfully arranged at the lens of the infrared sand measuring sensor, and the lens protection device is kept closed to cover the lens when measurement is not needed; before the measurement starts, the lens is opened, and the brush is driven to clean the surface of the lens, so that the lens is ensured to be clean.
Further, the infrared sand measuring sensor is arranged on the height adjusting device; the height adjusting device is a pontoon or a floating ball; preferably, the method comprises the steps of, the buoyancy of the pontoon is used for ensuring that the infrared sand-measuring sensor is kept at the water depth of 0.5-1 m under water. The inventors have unexpectedly found that the sand content measured at water depths between 0.5 and 1m below the water surface is most representative, as well as the accuracy and precision. Subsurface refers to the surface of water as a reference surface. Because of the relation curve between the sand content and the water depth, the invention adopts floating measurement, takes the water surface as a reference surface, and ensures the relation between the measuring point of the infrared sand measuring sensor and the sand content. Meanwhile, the influence of the sunlight in the nature on the infrared spectrum can be avoided below the depth of 0.5 m below the water surface. Preferably, the pontoon is provided with a water depth measuring sensor. Or the pontoon is provided with a fluorescent pontoon. Or the pontoon is provided with a vertical straight rod, and the guide rail is provided with a water level observation scale. The length of the straight rod is greater than the distance between the pontoon and the water surface. The invention observes the water depth of the infrared sand measuring sensor through the combination of the straight rod and the water level observation scale.
Further, the height adjusting device is provided with a bracket for installing the data acquisition and control module, and the length of the bracket is larger than the distance between the height adjusting device and the water surface. The support is used for ensuring that the data acquisition and control module is exposed out of the water surface, and damage caused by long-term soaking is avoided. Preferably, the support is provided with a height adjuster, and the height of the support is adjusted according to the requirement of measuring the water depth in different water areas. Preferably, the height adjuster is a telescoping tube.
Further, the pulley device comprises at least two pulleys and a mounting bracket, wherein the pulleys are arranged on the mounting bracket; the pulleys are matched with grooves or protrusions on the guide rail; the mounting bracket is connected with the pontoon.
Preferably, the mounting bracket is connected with the pontoon through a hoop.
Further, the pulley device is provided with a net cover for covering. The net cover covers the pulley device to prevent sundries in water from clamping the pulley device.
Preferably, the infrared sand measuring sensor is oriented parallel to the water surface.
Further, the height adjusting device is provided with a cradle head for adjusting the azimuth, and the infrared sand measuring sensor is arranged on the cradle head. The cradle head is a three-dimensional cradle head or a spherical cradle head and the like.
The cradle head is an electric cradle head, the electric cradle head is realized by two executing motors, and the motors receive signals from the controller to accurately run and position. Under the action of the control signal, the infrared sand-measuring sensor on the cradle head can adjust the orientation, and also can adjust the orientation under the control of a person on duty in the monitoring center.
A sand measuring method of an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrologic station comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the distance between an infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface; preheating an instrument before the measurement is started until the temperature difference between the instrument before and after the measurement is not more than 0.5 ℃, and starting formal measurement after the temperature balance is achieved;
s2, the data acquisition and control module sends a measurement instruction to the infrared sand measurement sensor, receives and processes turbidity data returned by the infrared sand measurement sensor, and judges whether re-measurement is needed according to the standard deviation;
s3, establishing a relation between turbidity data and sand content:
y=ax, wherein Y is the sand content, X is turbidity, a is a coefficient;
s4, establishing a mathematical model by establishing sand content and sand content data measured by a national standard method;
s5, substituting the measured turbidity data into the mathematical model of S4 to obtain the actual sand content.
According to the invention, the sediment content is measured at a certain depth from the water surface, and accurate turbidity data is measured by adopting an infrared sediment measuring sensor. By modeling with the data measured by the national standard method of river suspended sediment test Specification (GB/T50159-2015), a mathematical model suitable for local measurement is established, and the accuracy of the measurement result is high.
Preferably, the turbidity measured by the infrared sand measuring sensor is defined as 1 turbidity (NTU) of 1L water containing 1mg of silica particles, and the unit on water is 0.001kg/m 3 . a is 0.01.
Further, the mathematical model in step S4 is:
y '=a' y+b or Y '=a' Y 2 +bY+c
Wherein Y' is the sand content data measured by a national standard method, and a, b and c are coefficients.
Further, in the step S1, the distance between the infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface is 0.5-1 m.
Preferably, the back scattering or side scattering data of the infrared sand measuring sensor is respectively used for establishing a relation with the data measured by the national standard method according to a unitary primary equation or a unitary secondary equation, and a relation of the regression coefficient which is closer to 1 is selected as a relation of the sand content model according to the regression coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the inventor of the invention unexpectedly discovers the relation curve of sediment content and water depth and the influence of measurement accuracy of the infrared sand measuring sensor in different water depths, different sediment concentrations and different water flow directions, therefore, the automatic sand measuring device of the invention adopts a floating measurement scheme creatively, ensures that the infrared sand measuring sensor can maintain the same distance with the water surface in different time periods or different water levels through the height adjusting device, and effectively improves the measurement accuracy and accuracy.
According to the invention, the sediment content is measured at a certain depth from the water surface, and accurate turbidity data is measured by adopting an infrared sediment measuring sensor. By modeling with the data measured by the national standard method, a local mathematical model suitable for measurement is established, and the accuracy of the measurement result is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sand measuring device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an infrared sand measuring sensor;
FIG. 3 is a mathematical model of the backscattering of an infrared sand measuring sensor and the data measured by the national standard method (manual sand measuring data);
FIG. 4 is a mathematical model of the side scatter of the infrared sand measuring sensor and the data measured by the national standard method (manual sand measuring data);
FIG. 5 is a display of sand meter data on a display interface.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the following detailed description. Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrologic station comprises a guide rail 1, a pulley device 2 arranged on the guide rail 1 and moving along the guide rail 1, a height adjusting device 3 directly driven by the pulley device 2 to move up and down along the guide rail 1, an infrared sand measuring sensor 4 and a data acquisition and control module 5. The height adjusting device 3 enables the infrared sand measuring sensor 4 to keep a certain distance from the water surface. The infrared sand measuring sensor 4 is parallel to the water surface. The data acquisition and control module 5 is used for data processing and communication.
The infrared sand measuring sensor 4 is provided with an azimuth detecting sensor 41. The orientation detection sensor 41 is connected to the data acquisition and control module 5. The azimuth detection sensor 41 obtains the posture of the tracker at the current moment by comparing the gravity and the geomagnetic field at rest with three sensors of an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magneto-inductor which are integrated together, and integrates the posture and the acceleration to obtain the space position. The azimuth detection sensor 41 can detect the azimuth of the infrared sand detection sensor 4, and avoid the influence of the change of the direction due to the impact of water flow and the like on the detection accuracy.
As shown in fig. 2, the infrared sand measuring sensor 4 includes two optical sensors of back scattering and side scattering and a temperature sensor. The infrared sand measuring sensor 4 is provided with a lens protection device 42. The lens protection device 42 includes a driving device, a movable cover driven by the driving device, and a brush for cleaning the lens is disposed on the inner side of the movable cover. The driving device is a motor or a hydraulic rod and the like.
According to the automatic sand measuring device, a floating measurement scheme is creatively adopted, the infrared sand measuring sensor 4 can measure at the same distance with the water surface in different time periods or at different water levels through the height adjusting device 3, and the measurement precision and accuracy are effectively improved.
The infrared sand measuring sensor 4 is arranged on the height adjusting device 3, the height adjusting device 3 is a pontoon, and the buoyancy of the pontoon is used for ensuring that the infrared sand measuring sensor is kept at the water depth of 0.7m under water. The sand content measured at water depths between 0.7m below the water surface is most representative, as are the highest precision and accuracy.
The pontoon is provided with a fluorescent pontoon 6.
The height adjusting device 3 is provided with a bracket 7 for installing the data acquisition and control module 5. The length of the bracket 7 is larger than the distance between the height adjusting device 3 and the water surface. The bracket is used for ensuring that the data acquisition and control module 5 is exposed out of the water surface, so that the damage caused by long-term soaking is avoided.
The support 7 is provided with a height adjuster 8 for adjusting the height of the support according to the requirements of measuring the water depth in different water areas. The height adjuster 8 is a telescopic tube.
The pulley arrangement 2 comprises at least two pulleys 21 and a mounting bracket 22. The pulley 21 is provided on the mounting bracket 22. The pulley 21 cooperates with a groove or projection on the guide rail 1. The mounting brackets 22 are connected to the pontoons.
The mounting bracket 22 is connected to the pontoon by means of a collar 24.
The pulley device 2 is provided with a net cover for covering. The net cover covers the pulley device 2 so as to prevent sundries in water from clamping the pulley device 2.
The pontoon is provided with a tripod head 31 for adjusting the azimuth, and the infrared sand measuring sensor 4 is arranged on the tripod head 31. The cradle head 31 is a three-dimensional cradle head, a spherical cradle head, or the like.
The cradle head is an electric cradle head, the electric cradle head is realized by two execution motors, and the motors receive signals from a controller to accurately run and position. Under the action of the control signal, the infrared sand-measuring sensor on the cradle head can adjust the orientation, and also can adjust the orientation under the control of a person on duty in the monitoring center.
A sand measuring method of an infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for a hydrologic station comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the distance between an infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface; preheating an instrument before the measurement is started until the temperature difference between the instrument before and after the measurement is not more than 0.5 ℃, and starting formal measurement after the temperature balance is achieved;
s2, the data acquisition and control module sends a measurement instruction to the infrared sand measurement sensor, receives and processes turbidity data returned by the infrared sand measurement sensor, and judges whether re-measurement is needed according to the standard deviation;
s3, establishing a relation between turbidity data and sand content:
y=ax, wherein Y is the sand content, X is turbidity, a is a coefficient;
s4, establishing a mathematical model by establishing sand content and sand content data measured by a national standard method;
s5, substituting the measured turbidity data into the mathematical model of S4 to obtain the actual sand content.
The turbidity measured by the infrared sand measuring sensor is defined as 1 turbidity (NTU) of 1L water containing 1mg of silicon dioxide particles, and the unit on water is 0.001kg/m 3 . a is 0.01.
The mathematical model in step S4 is:
y '=a' y+b or Y '=a' Y 2 +bY+c
Wherein Y' is the sand content data measured by a national standard method, and a, b and c are coefficients.
In the step S1, the distance between the infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface is 0.5-1 m.
And the back scattering or side scattering data of the infrared sand measuring sensor is respectively used for establishing a relation with data measured by a national standard method according to a unitary primary equation or a unitary secondary equation, and a relation of a regression coefficient which is closer to 1 is selected as a relation of the sand content model according to the regression coefficient.
Examples are as follows:
table 1 shows the back-scattering or side-scattering data of the infrared sand measuring sensor and the data (manual sand measuring data) measured by the national standard method of river suspended sediment test Specification (GB/T50159-2015).
| Sand meter data-backscattering | Sand meter data-side scatter | Manual sand measurement data |
| 11.1 | 16.6 | 0.021 |
| 13.3 | 19.9 | 0.022 |
| 13.6 | 20.4 | 0.022 |
| 20.0 | 16.1 | 0.014 |
| 25.0 | 37.5 | 0.012 |
| 9.3 | 14.0 | 0.011 |
| 7.3 | 11.0 | 0.006 |
| 9.2 | 13.8 | 0.016 |
| 8.3 | 12.5 | 0.036 |
| 11.1 | 16.6 | 0.034 |
| 29.1 | 43.7 | 0.038 |
| 26.2 | 39.3 | 0.063 |
| 40.3 | 60.4 | 0.09 |
| 49.3 | 73.9 | 0.141 |
| 100.0 | 123.5 | 0.224 |
| 179.0 | 198.6 | 0.299 |
| 67.1 | 100.6 | 0.189 |
| 90.0 | 59.0 | 0.072 |
| 54.7 | 82.0 | 0.085 |
| 50.4 | 75.6 | 0.116 |
| 77.0 | 80.0 | 0.129 |
| 98.7 | 148.0 | 0.207 |
| 148.7 | 223.0 | 0.364 |
| 401.1 | 601.7 | 0.77 |
| 400.1 | 600.2 | 0.73 |
| 342.0 | 513.0 | 0.697 |
| 233.3 | 350.0 | 0.521 |
As shown in fig. 3, the mathematical model established by the backscattering of the infrared sand measurement sensor and the data measured by the national standard method (manual sand measurement data) is as follows: y=0.0019x+0.0013, r 2 ＝0.9734
As shown in fig. 4, a mathematical model established by the side scattering of the infrared sand measurement sensor and the data measured by the national standard method (manual sand measurement data) is as follows: y=0.0014x+0.011, r 2 ＝0.9821
After the sand content model is built, the sand meter data can be used for calculating the sand content and displayed on a display interface, and an example is shown in fig. 5 (meeting the requirement of 4.7.2 suspended mass sediment material reorganizing data in the SL 247-2012 hydrological material reorganizing specification) after center line smoothing and simplified extraction are used.
It is apparent that the above examples are only examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (1)
1. The method for measuring sand by using the infrared optical automatic sand measuring device for the hydrologic station is characterized by comprising a guide rail, a pulley device which is arranged on the guide rail and moves along the guide rail, a height adjusting device which is directly or indirectly driven by the pulley device to move up and down along the guide rail, an infrared sand measuring sensor and a data acquisition and control module; the height adjusting device enables the infrared sand measuring sensor to keep a distance from the water surface; the data acquisition and control module is used for data processing and communication;
an azimuth detection sensor is arranged on the infrared sand detection sensor; the azimuth detection sensor is connected with the data acquisition and control module;
the infrared sand measuring sensor comprises a back scattering optical sensor and a side scattering optical sensor and a temperature sensor;
the azimuth detection sensor obtains the posture of the tracker at the current moment by comparing the three sensors of the accelerometer, the gyroscope and the magnetic sensor which are integrated together with the gravity and the geomagnetic field when the sensor is stationary, and integrates the posture and the acceleration to obtain the space position;
the azimuth detection sensor can detect the azimuth of the infrared sand detection sensor;
the infrared sand measuring sensor is provided with a lens protection device; the lens protection device comprises a driving device and a movable cover driven by the driving device, wherein a brush for cleaning the lens is arranged on the inner side of the movable cover;
the infrared sand measuring sensor is arranged on the height adjusting device, and the height adjusting device is a pontoon or a floating ball; the buoyancy of the pontoon is used for ensuring that the infrared sand-measuring sensor is kept at the water depth of 0.7m under water;
the height adjusting device is provided with a cradle head for adjusting the azimuth, and the infrared sand measuring sensor is arranged on the cradle head;
the cradle head is an electric cradle head, the electric cradle head is realized by two execution motors, and the motors receive signals from a controller to accurately run and position; under the action of the control signal, the infrared sand-measuring sensor on the cradle head can adjust the orientation, and the orientation can also be adjusted under the control of a monitoring center on duty;
the infrared sand measuring sensor is parallel to the water surface;
the pontoon is provided with a water depth measuring sensor; or the pontoon is provided with a fluorescent pontoon; or the pontoon is provided with a vertical straight rod, and the guide rail is provided with a water level observation scale; the length of the straight rod is longer than the distance between the pontoon and the water surface; the water depth of the infrared sand measuring sensor is observed through the combination of the straight rod and the water level observation scale;
the height adjusting device is provided with a bracket for installing a data acquisition and control module, and the length of the bracket is longer than the distance between the height adjusting device and the water surface;
the bracket is provided with a height adjuster, and the height of the bracket is adjusted in different water areas according to the requirement of measuring the water depth;
the pulley device comprises at least two pulleys and a mounting bracket, and the pulleys are arranged on the mounting bracket; the pulleys are matched with grooves or protrusions on the guide rail; the mounting bracket is connected with the pontoon;
the pulley device is provided with a net cover for covering;
the sand measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the distance between an infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface; preheating an instrument before the measurement is started until the temperature difference between the instrument before and after the measurement is not more than 0.5 ℃, and starting formal measurement after the temperature balance is achieved;
s2, the data acquisition and control module sends a measurement instruction to the infrared sand measurement sensor, receives and processes turbidity data returned by the infrared sand measurement sensor, and judges whether re-measurement is needed according to the standard deviation;
s3, establishing a relation between turbidity data and sand content:
y=ax, wherein Y is the sand content, X is turbidity, a is a coefficient;
s4, establishing a mathematical model for the sand content and the sand content data measured by the national standard method, and obtaining the actual sand content;
the mathematical model in step S4 is:
y '=a' y+b or Y '=a' Y 2 +bY+c
Wherein Y' is the sand content data measured by a national standard method, and a, b and c are coefficients;
the back scattering or side scattering data of the infrared sand measuring sensor are respectively used for establishing a relation with data measured by a national standard method according to a unitary primary equation or a unitary secondary equation, and a relation of a regression coefficient which is closer to 1 is selected as a relation of a sand content model according to the regression coefficient;
in the step S1, the distance between the infrared sand measuring sensor and the water surface is 0.7m.
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