CN108027019B - 具有两条中间传动线路的减速器中的负载分配装置 - Google Patents

具有两条中间传动线路的减速器中的负载分配装置 Download PDF

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CN108027019B
CN108027019B CN201680056346.0A CN201680056346A CN108027019B CN 108027019 B CN108027019 B CN 108027019B CN 201680056346 A CN201680056346 A CN 201680056346A CN 108027019 B CN108027019 B CN 108027019B
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安东尼·马蒂厄
本杰明·弗雷德
鲍里斯·莫雷利
马克西姆·埃米特
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Safran Transmission Systems SAS
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H35/00—Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
    • F16H35/06—Gearings designed to allow relative movement between supports thereof without ill effects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
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    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
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    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
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    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
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    • F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有两条中间传动线路(16)的减速器(10)，该减速器尤其用于涡轮发动机，该减速器包括输入线路(12)和输出线路(14)，该输出线路被输入线路经由所述中间线路驱动，所述中间线路是大致平行的，其特征在于，该减速器包括在所述中间线路之间的负载分配装置，所述负载分配装置包括用于可旋转地联接输入线路的第一端部的球窝式装置(30)、用于阻抑输入线路的所述端部的径向移动的第一装置(34)、和用于阻抑输入线路的相对的第二端部的径向移动的第二装置(34)。

Description

具有两条中间传动线路的减速器中的负载分配装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于涡轮机的、具有两条中间传动线路的减速器。
背景技术
现有技术尤其包括文献US-A-3,772,934、EP-A1-0 636 813和WO-A1-2013/150229。
涡轮机可包括一个或多个机械减速器。涡轮螺旋桨发动机尤其如此，该涡轮螺旋桨发动机的螺旋桨被涡轮轴借助减速器带动进行旋转。
存在许多类型的减速器，诸如行星齿轮减速机构、链齿轮、蜗轮、中间传动线路等。本发明主要涉及一种具有传动线路的减速器(也称为复合减速器)。
在现有技术中，这种类型的减速器包括输入线路和输出线路，该输出线路被输入线路借助两条中间传动线路驱动。由输入线路传输的动力在被传递到输出线路之前在中间线路之间被分配。中间传动线路是平行的，并且通常各自包括轴，该轴带有与输入线路啮合的输入齿轮和与输出线路啮合的输出齿轮。通过改变不同齿轮上的齿的数量，能够获得输入线路和输出线路之间的减速比。这种结构允许在狭窄的空间中大大减小速度并且使质量受到控制。
根据定义，这种类型的减速器是一种静不定系统。在没有特定的布置的情况下，使大部分马达动力通过一条中间线路对于该中间线路是可能的，而另一中间线路几乎看不到动力流。
因此，需要在上述类型的减速器中的中间线路之间分配负载，以确保一半的动力通过减速器的中间线路中的每一个。
一种解决方案包括提供用于转动联接输入线路的一个端部的球窝式装置和用于阻抑输入线路的相对的端部的径向移动的装置。
输入线路易于径向地移动(相对于其纵向轴线)。这由于以下事实是可能实现的：输入线路的端部中的一个例如相对于马达轴被转动安装。于是，输入线路的相对的端部可沿径向方向移动，这些移动被阻抑。这些用于转动和阻抑的装置形成用于分配负载的装置，该用于分配负载的装置以下述的方式起作用。如果中间线路中的一条中间线路具有更大的负载，也就是说，通过该线路的扭矩大于通过另一条线路的扭矩，那么由该扭矩在输入线路齿轮上产生的应力在一侧会大于在另一侧。因此，力将会被施加到输入齿轮，这将引起输入线路的径向移动。该移动将使得游隙能够在输入线路处被再次平衡。当被平衡时，由于中间线路上的扭矩而被加在齿轮上的应力抵消，这意味着中间线路上的扭矩相等。
但是，这种解决方案会引起齿轮错位。由于这种错位运行，需要对齿轮齿进行“鼓形修整(bombé)”型校正。这种校正引起齿上的表面压力增加。另外，如果错位很大，即使应用鼓形修整，也不一定能确保减速器进行可接受的运行。
发明内容
本发明针对上文所述的问题提出了一种简单、有效、并且经济的方案。
本发明提出了一种具有两条中间传动线路的减速器，该减速器尤其用于涡轮机，该减速器包括输入线路和输出线路，该输出线路被输入线路借助所述中间线路驱动，这些中间线路是大致平行的，其特征在于，该减速器包括在所述中间线路之间分配负载的装置，该分配装置包括用于转动联接输入线路的第一端部的球窝式装置、用于阻抑输入线路的所述第一端部的径向移动的第一装置、和用于阻抑输入线路的相对的第二端部的径向移动的次级装置。
本发明的原理是将输入线路安装在两个远离的阻抑装置上。本发明使得输入线路能够竖直移动而不会发生错位。
根据本发明的减速器可包括被单独应用或被彼此组合应用的下述特征中的一个或多个：
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被构造成使得输入线路能够沿着与大致通过中间线路的轴线的平面大致垂直的方向移动，
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置包括弹簧，优选地为复位弹簧，
-所述弹簧是相同的，
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置包括滚子轴承，
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置中的每一个均包括滚子轴承，该滚子轴承被安装在输入线路的所述第一端部或第二端部上，并且该滚子轴承由弹簧支撑，
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置是相同的，
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被安装在输入线路齿轮的两侧，和
-所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被定位成离所述齿轮的距离相等；滚子可被安置成离齿轮齿的距离相等，以便每个滚子均具有相同的移动并因此以避免齿发生错位。
本发明还涉及一种涡轮机，其特征在于，该涡轮机至少包括如上文所述的减速器。该减速器可包括输出线路，该输出线路被构造成驱动涡轮机的非流线型螺旋桨。
优选地，涡轮机是飞行器涡轮螺旋桨发动机。
附图说明
通过阅读以下作为非限制性示例的说明并且参照附图，将会更好地理解本发明并且本发明的其他细节、特征和优点会变得更加清楚，在附图中：
-图1为从侧面观察的具有两条中间传动线路的减速器的非常示意性的视图，
-图2为从前面观察的具有两条中间传动线路的减速器的非常示意性的视图，
-图3和图4为从前面观察的所述类型的减速器的局部示意图，图3示出了中间线路之间的负载的不均匀分配，而图4示出了中间线路之间的负载的均匀分配，
-图5为配备有负载分配装置的输入线路的非常示意性的视图，以及
-图6为配备有根据本发明的负载分配装置的输入线路的非常示意性的视图。
具体实施方式
图1非常示意性地示出了具有两条中间传动线路的减速器10，所述减速器10主要包括四个部分：输入线路12、输出线路14和两条中间传动线路16，这两条中间传动线路被输入线路12驱动并且进而驱动输出线路14。
减速器的不同部分12、14、16通常被安装在减速器壳体(在这里未示出)中，该减速器包括第一开口和第二开口，该第一开口用于使输入线路穿过并用于使输入线路例如连接到涡轮机的第一部件，该第二开口用于使输出线路穿过并使输出线路连接到涡轮机的第二部件。例如，在涡轮机为涡轮螺旋桨发动机的情况下，第一部件为涡轮机的涡轮轴，第二部件为该涡轮机的螺旋桨的驱动轴。
输入线路12包括轴18，该轴带有具有外齿的齿轮20。齿轮20和轴18是同轴的并且围绕被标记为B的同一轴线旋转。
输出线路14包括轴22，该轴带有具有外齿的齿轮24。齿轮24和轴22是同轴的并且围绕被标记为A的同一轴线旋转。在这里，该齿轮和该轴沿着与输入线路的齿轮20和轴18相同的旋转方向旋转。
输入线路12和输出线路14是平行的。因此，它们的旋转轴线A、B是平行的。
中间传动线路16是大致平行并且相同的。每条线路16包括轴25，该轴在第一端部处带有输入齿轮26，并且在第二端部处带有输出齿轮28。输出齿轮28与输出线路14的齿轮24啮合。输入齿轮26与输入线路12的齿轮20啮合。齿轮26、28具有外齿。每个轴25和其齿轮26、28是同轴的，并且围绕与轴线A和轴线B平行的被标记为C的同一轴线旋转。
如上文所说明的，这种类型的减速器10为一种静不定系统，并且使大部分马达动力通过一条中间线路对于该中间线路16是可能的，而另一条中间线路几乎看不到动力流。如在图2中看到的，这种动力或负载的不良分配主要归因于下述事实：虽然齿轮26与齿轮20在点C处接触并且中间线路中的一条中间线路的齿轮28与齿轮24在点D处接触，但是难以确保在齿轮24与另一条中间线路的齿轮28之间在E处没有游隙。
本发明通过配备如下减速器10而提出了一种对该问题的解决方案：该减速器具有在中间线路16之间分配负载的装置。
在图3至图5中示出了分配负载的总体原理，并且图6示出了本发明的实施例。
输入线路12的轴18易于径向地移动(相对于该轴的纵向轴线)。这由于下述事实是可能实现的：该输入线路的端部中的一个例如相对于涡轮轴被转动安装(图5)。轴18的端部例如包括转动凹槽30，该转动凹槽与将减速器的输入线路连接到涡轮轴的套筒32的互补的凹槽接合。在这里，径向移动应当被理解为输入线路12围绕位于该输入线路的转动端部处的点的转动。
因此，输入线路12的轴18的相对的端部可沿径向方向移动，弹簧34阻抑了这些移动。
如果中间线路16中的一条中间线路具有更大的负载(图3)，也就是说，通过该线路的扭矩大于通过另一条线路的扭矩，那么由该扭矩在输入线路齿轮20上产生的应力f1在一侧大于在另一侧。力F因此将被施加到输入线路齿轮20，这将引起输入线路的移动。该移动使得游隙在输入线路处能够被重新平衡。当平衡时，加于齿轮20上的由中间线路上的扭矩引起的应力f1、f2抵消，这意味着中间线路上的扭矩相等。
有利地，弹簧34的阻抑装置与滚子轴承36相结合，该滚子轴承导引输入线路12的轴18。
如上文所提到的，可能发生如图5所示的齿轮错位。由于这种错位运行，需要对齿轮齿进行“鼓形修整”型纵向校正。这种校正引起齿上的表面压力增加。另外，如果错位很大，即使应用鼓形修整，也不一定能确保减速器的可接受的运行。
由于整个输入线路阻抑，本发明能够补救该问题。
图6示出了本发明的实施例的示例，在该示例中，上文所描述的元件由相同的附图标记表示。
两个例如为滚珠类型的滚子轴承36被安装在齿轮20的两侧、安装在输入线路12的端部处。
典型地，每个轴承36可包括分别为内环和外环的两个环，可由环形保持架保持的一排滚珠在该内环与外环之间延伸。第一轴承36的内环被固定地安装在输入线路12的轴18的端部上，该端部与该轴的包括转动凹槽30的端部相对。第二轴承36的内环被固定地安装在轴18的包括转动凹槽30的端部上。
弹簧34支撑轴承36。第一弹簧支撑第一轴承36，且第二弹簧支撑第二轴承36。优选地，弹簧34是相同的。优选地，弹簧是复位弹簧。有利地，这些弹簧被定位成离齿轮20的距离相等。
轴18的包括转动凹槽30的端部与将减速器的输入线路连接到涡轮轴的套筒32的互补的凹槽接合。
本发明如之前关于图3和图4所说明的那样工作。如在图6中可观察到的，如果中间线路16中的一条中间线路具有更大的负载(图3)，也就是说，通过该线路的扭矩大于通过另一线路的扭矩，那么由该扭矩在输入线路齿轮20上产生的应力f1大于在另一侧。力F因此将被施加到输入线路齿轮20，这将引起输入线路的移动，但是由于本发明，这并不意味着齿轮将错位。

Claims (11)

1.具有两条中间传动线路(16)的减速器(10)，所述减速器包括输入线路(12)和输出线路(14)，所述输出线路被所述输入线路借助所述两条中间传动线路驱动，所述两条中间传动线路是大致平行的，其特征在于，所述减速器包括在所述两条中间传动线路之间进行负载分配的负载分配装置，该负载分配装置包括用于转动联接所述输入线路的第一端部的球窝式装置(30)、用于阻抑所述输入线路的所述第一端部的径向移动的第一阻抑装置、和用于阻抑所述输入线路的相对的第二端部的径向移动的第二阻抑装置，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被构造成使得所述输入线路(12)能够沿着与大致通过所述两条中间传动线路的轴线(C)的平面大致垂直的方向移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置包括弹簧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述弹簧是相同的。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置包括滚子轴承。
5.根据权利要求3所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置中的每一个均包括滚子轴承，所述滚子轴承被安装在所述输入线路的所述第一端部或第二端部上，并且所述滚子轴承由弹簧支撑。
6.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置是相同的。
7.根据权利要求1至3中的一项所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被安装在所述输入线路(12)的齿轮(20)的两侧。
8.根据权利要求7所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述第一阻抑装置和所述第二阻抑装置被定位成离所述齿轮的距离相等。
9.根据权利要求1所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述减速器(10)用于涡轮机。
10.根据权利要求2所述的减速器(10)，其中，所述弹簧为复位弹簧。
11.涡轮机，其特征在于，所述涡轮机包括至少一个根据权利要求1至10中的一项所述的减速器(10)。
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US20170321787A1 (en) 2017-11-09
JP2017532509A (ja) 2017-11-02
CN108027019A (zh) 2018-05-11
FR3026453A1 (fr) 2016-04-01
RU2720022C1 (ru) 2020-04-23
RU2017109880A (ru) 2018-11-05
WO2017055707A1 (fr) 2017-04-06
JP6839704B2 (ja) 2021-03-10
CN107076029A (zh) 2017-08-18
EP3201492B1 (fr) 2022-11-16
EP3356699B1 (fr) 2020-05-27
CA2962328A1 (fr) 2016-04-07
US20180372197A1 (en) 2018-12-27
US10443697B2 (en) 2019-10-15
RU2017109880A3 (zh) 2019-04-11
CA3000090A1 (en) 2017-04-06
JP6677719B2 (ja) 2020-04-08
EP3356699A1 (fr) 2018-08-08
WO2016051045A1 (fr) 2016-04-07

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