CN108017393A - 一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法 - Google Patents

一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108017393A
CN108017393A CN201711051261.6A CN201711051261A CN108017393A CN 108017393 A CN108017393 A CN 108017393A CN 201711051261 A CN201711051261 A CN 201711051261A CN 108017393 A CN108017393 A CN 108017393A
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boron nitride
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陈健
徐常明
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,属于氮化硼陶瓷领域。本发明设计了的常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法以商业化粉体h‑BN粉体为原料,以PVA或者PVB作为粘结剂,以Al2O3和Y2O3为烧结助剂的常压烧结h‑BN陶瓷制备方法,烧结过程中温度要求低,制备成的陶瓷使用温度膏。此外,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法工艺简单,成本较低,可实现工业化大规模生产,并可制备复杂形状的BN陶瓷,适合推广使用。

Description

一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,属于氮化硼陶瓷领域。
背景技术
六方相氮化硼(h-BN)有“白石墨”之称,因为它具有类似于石墨的层状晶体结构,也具有与石墨相似的物理化学性能,例如良好润滑性和导热性。h-BN 结构陶瓷因为其热导率高、电绝缘性能好、热膨胀系数低、以及和大多数金属的不浸润性,所以在高温绝缘部件、原子能、冶金、航空等领域得到了广泛的应用。利用氮化硼的耐高温、电绝缘性,h-BN 制品可以用来制作等离子体焊接工具的高温绝缘部件、多种加热器的衬套、宇宙飞船的热屏蔽材料等。加上高导热性,可以制作煤矿井下防爆电机绝缘散热片、高温热电偶保护套管。利用 h-BN 对玻璃、金属熔体不润湿性和耐侵蚀性,可以用作特殊冶炼中熔炼多种有色金属、贵金属和稀有金属的器皿、坩埚、输送泵等部件。
制备h-BN陶瓷的方法有很多,主要有高温烧结法、化学气沉积法和先驱体转化法。
对于化学气相沉积法,US4690841,US5075055,CN105809/A,CN101048531A 及CN102586754A 等专利公开了以BCl3-NH3-N2为原料气,在1300~2100℃,160~2600Pa的范围内,制备PBN坩埚及保护涂层的详细过程;系统研究了温度、气压和原料气浓度的变化对PBN热、力、电性能及微观结构的影响,实现了对工艺参数的精确控制,成功进行了工业化生产。但是化学气相沉积法对设备要求较高,获得的陶瓷产率较低,无法大量生产各种复杂形状的陶瓷部件。
另外先驱体转化法也存在成本较高,陶瓷产率低的缺点,其主要通过高温裂解含有B、N元素的有机物前驱体获得BN陶瓷,或者与之前加入的陶瓷粉体相结合获得反应结合BN陶瓷,例如:CN1214329A,CN201110039205.7,CN201510383204.2,该种方法生产过程较为复杂,对于生产复杂形状的陶瓷材料也比较困难.
目前工业上可大规模生产氮化硼陶瓷主要为高温烧结法,其主要包括热压烧结法和常压烧结法。其中热压烧结法尽管可工业化生产BN陶瓷,由于设备本身的特点,得到的BN陶瓷基本为简单的块体材料,例如:US 5116589,CN 200510019118.X。
因此目前工业上成本较低地大规模生产复杂形状的h-BN陶瓷产品的主要方法为常压烧结法。申请号为201410393724.7的中国专利申请公开了一种高致密六方氮化硼陶瓷材料的制备方法,该方法采用正硅酸乙酯为原料在h-BN粉体表面包覆均匀分散的SiO2纳米粒子层,然后采用无压烧结制得h-BN陶瓷,该制备方法操作简单,工艺条件容易控制,成本低廉,但是陶瓷中引入了第二相SiO2,由于低熔点SiO2的引入导致该BN陶瓷材料使用温度不宜过高,限制了其使用条件。
申请号为201410422994.6的中国专利申请公开了一种无压烧结制备高纯六方氮化硼陶瓷的方法,将商业六方氮化硼采用双向加压成型,再经冷等静压成型;烧结过程先在马弗炉中空气气氛下480~680℃预烧,后在氮气下2000~2200℃无压烧结,制备获得高纯h-BN陶瓷,但是其烧结温度过高,对炉子的要求会增加,不利于炉子的使用寿命,生产成本也会较高。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明设计了一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法以商业化粉体h-BN粉体为原料,以PVA或者PVB作为粘结剂,以Al2O3和Y2O3为烧结助剂的常压烧结h-BN陶瓷制备方法,烧结过程中温度要求低,制备成的陶瓷使用温度膏。此外,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法工艺简单,成本较低,可实现工业化大规模生产,并可制备复杂形状的BN陶瓷,适合推广使用。
发明内容
为了克服背景技术中存在的缺陷,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称量,称量BN粉体;按重量比Al2O3:Y2O3=0.75~1.8:1的比例称量好Al2O3 和Y2O3粉体,并混合均匀,记作AY粉体,作为烧结助剂;将BN粉体和AY粉体混合均匀,BN粉体含量≥80wt%(重量百分比),制备成M粉体混合物备用;
(2)配制浆料,以水或酒精为溶剂,PVA或者PVB为粘结剂,粘结剂含量≤粉体质量的2wt%(重量百分比),将步骤(1)中称制备成M粉体混合物配成固含量为40~60wt%(重量百分比)的浆料,以Al2O3球作为研磨球,混合均匀;
(3)粉体制备,将步骤(2)中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经烘干、粉碎、过筛制得BN复合粉体;或者将步骤2中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经喷雾造粒制得BN复合粉体,并控制喷雾造粒的平均粒径95-105微米之间;
(4)成型加工,将步骤(3)中制得的BN复合粉体经干压和/或等静压成型,并根据需要加工成设计的形状,BN陶瓷素坯;
(5)脱粘烧结,将步骤(4)中制得的BN陶瓷素坯真空脱粘或者空气气氛脱粘,然后在N2气气氛下烧结,制备得到六方氮化硼陶瓷。
优选的所述步骤(1)中所述BN粉体粒径为1~2微米,Al2O3 和Y2O3的粉体粒径≤1微米。
优选的所述步骤(2)中所述研磨球Al2O3球用量为被研磨原料总重量的1~5倍。
优选的所述步骤(2)中的研磨时间为24小时。
优选的所述步骤(3)中的烘干温度为60~80℃。
优选的所述步骤(3)中的粉碎过筛过程选用100目的筛网。
优选的所述步骤(3)中的喷雾造粒的出口温度为60~80℃。
优选的所述步骤(4)中的干压压力为20~100兆帕。
优选的所述步骤(4)中的等静压压力为200~300兆帕。
优选的所述步骤(5)中的脱粘温度为500℃~1200℃,所述脱粘保温时间为60-120分钟。
优选的所述步骤(5)中的烧结温度为1800℃-1900℃,所述烧结保温时间为30-90分钟。
本发明设计了一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法以商业化粉体h-BN粉体为原料,以PVA或者PVB作为粘结剂,以Al2O3和Y2O3为烧结助剂的常压烧结h-BN陶瓷制备方法,烧结过程中温度要求低,制备成的陶瓷使用温度膏。此外,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法工艺简单,成本较低,可实现工业化大规模生产,并可制备复杂形状的BN陶瓷,适合推广使用。
具体实施方式
具体实施例一,一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称量,称量BN粉体;按重量比Al2O3:Y2O3=0.75:1的比例称量好Al2O3 和Y2O3粉体,并混合均匀,记作AY粉体,作为烧结助剂;将BN粉体和AY粉体混合均匀,BN粉体含量为80%(重量百分比),制备成M粉体混合物备用;
(2)配制浆料,以水或酒精为溶剂,PVA或者PVB为粘结剂,粘结剂含量≤粉体质量的2wt%(重量百分比),将步骤(1)中称制备成M粉体混合物配成固含量为40wt%(重量百分比)的浆料,以Al2O3球作为研磨球,混合均匀;
(3)粉体制备,将步骤(2)中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经烘干、粉碎、过筛制得BN复合粉体;并控制喷雾造粒的平均粒径95-105微米之间;
(4)成型加工,将步骤(3)中制得的BN复合粉体经干压成型,并根据需要加工成设计的形状,BN陶瓷素坯;
(5)脱粘烧结,将步骤(4)中制得的BN陶瓷素坯真空脱粘,然后在N2气气氛下烧结,制备得到六方氮化硼陶瓷。
所述步骤(1)中所述BN粉体粒径为1微米,Al2O3 和Y2O3的粉体粒径≤1微米。
所述步骤(2)中所述研磨球Al2O3球用量为被研磨原料总重量的2倍。
所述步骤(2)中的研磨时间为24小时。
所述步骤(3)中的烘干温度为65℃。
所述步骤(3)中的粉碎过筛过程选用100目的筛网。
所述步骤(3)中的喷雾造粒的出口温度为60℃。
所述步骤(4)中的干压压力为20兆帕。
所述步骤(5)中的脱粘温度为500℃,所述脱粘保温时间为60分钟。
所述步骤5中的烧结温度为1800℃,所述烧结保温时间为30分钟。
具体实施例二,一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称量,称量BN粉体;按重量比Al2O3:Y2O3=1.6:1的比例称量好Al2O3 和Y2O3粉体,并混合均匀,记作AY粉体,作为烧结助剂;将BN粉体和AY粉体混合均匀,BN粉体含量为95%(重量百分比),制备成M粉体混合物备用;
(2)配制浆料,以水或酒精为溶剂,PVA或者PVB为粘结剂,粘结剂含量≤粉体质量的2wt%(重量百分比),将步骤(1)中称制备成M粉体混合物配成固含量为40~60wt%(重量百分比)的浆料,以Al2O3球作为研磨球,混合均匀;
(3)粉体制备,将步骤(2)中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经喷雾造粒制得BN复合粉体,并控制喷雾造粒的平均粒径95-105微米之间;
(4)成型加工,将步骤(3)中制得的BN复合粉体经等静压成型,并根据需要加工成设计的形状,BN陶瓷素坯;
(5)脱粘烧结,将步骤(4)中制得的BN陶瓷素坯真空脱粘或者空气气氛脱粘,然后在N2气气氛下烧结,制备得到六方氮化硼陶瓷。
所述步骤(1)中所述BN粉体粒径为1~2微米,Al2O3 和Y2O3的粉体粒径≤1微米。
所述步骤(2)中所述研磨球Al2O3球用量为被研磨原料总重量的3倍。
所述步骤(2)中的研磨时间为24小时。
所述步骤(3)中的烘干温度为70℃。
所述步骤(3)中的粉碎过筛过程选用100目的筛网。
所述步骤(3)中的喷雾造粒的出口温度为70℃。
所述步骤(4)中的等静压压力为250兆帕。
所述步骤(5)中的脱粘温度为1000℃,所述脱粘保温时间为100分钟。
所述步骤(5)中的烧结温度为1850℃,所述烧结保温时间为70分钟
本发明设计了一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法以商业化粉体h-BN粉体为原料,以PVA或者PVB作为粘结剂,以Al2O3和Y2O3为烧结助剂的常压烧结h-BN陶瓷制备方法,烧结过程中温度要求低,制备成的陶瓷使用温度膏。此外,该常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法工艺简单,成本较低,可实现工业化大规模生产,并可制备复杂形状的BN陶瓷,适合推广使用。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料称量,称量BN粉体;按重量比Al2O3:Y2O3=0.75~1.8:1的比例称量好Al2O3 和Y2O3粉体,并混合均匀,记作AY粉体,作为烧结助剂;将BN粉体和AY粉体混合均匀,BN粉体含量≥80wt%(重量百分比),制备成M粉体混合物备用;
(2)配制浆料,以水或酒精为溶剂,PVA或者PVB为粘结剂,粘结剂含量≤粉体质量的2wt%(重量百分比),将步骤(1)中称制备成M粉体混合物配成固含量为40~60wt%(重量百分比)的浆料,以Al2O3球作为研磨球,混合均匀;
(3)粉体制备,将步骤(2)中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经烘干、粉碎、过筛制得BN复合粉体;或者将步骤2中研磨均匀的混合物浆料经喷雾造粒制得BN复合粉体,并控制喷雾造粒的平均粒径95-105微米之间;
(4)成型加工,将步骤(3)中制得的BN复合粉体经干压和/或等静压成型,并根据需要加工成设计的形状,BN陶瓷素坯;
(5)脱粘烧结,将步骤(4)中制得的BN陶瓷素坯真空脱粘或者空气气氛脱粘,然后在N2气气氛下烧结,制备得到六方氮化硼陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中所述BN粉体粒径为1~2微米,Al2O3 和Y2O3的粉体粒径≤1微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中所述研磨球Al2O3球用量为被研磨原料总重量的1~5倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的研磨时间为24小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的烘干温度为60~80℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的粉碎过筛过程选用100目的筛网。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中的喷雾造粒的出口温度为60~80℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的干压压力为20~100兆帕。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的等静压压力为200~300兆帕。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种常压烧结六方氮化硼陶瓷制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中的脱粘温度为500℃~1200℃,所述脱粘保温时间为60-120分钟,所述步骤(5)中的烧结温度为1800℃-1900℃,所述烧结保温时间为30-90分钟。
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