CN107996315B - Method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood comprises the following steps: planting sweet wormwood seedlings on two sides of a ridge body of the tobacco field, and planting tobacco seedlings in the middle of the ridge 7 days after planting the sweet wormwood seedlings; performing capping and pruning treatment when the sweet wormwood grows to 80-90 cm, preparing sweet wormwood pulp from sweet wormwood branches obtained by treatment, and filtering and standing to obtain sweet wormwood liquid; spraying the prepared sweet wormwood herb liquid to tobacco seedlings once every 7 days when the tobacco plants grow in the field for 40-80 days; after the tobacco seedlings are mature and harvested, the prepared organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is applied to a tobacco field and ploughed and buried with the sweet wormwood planted in the field. During the process that the sweet wormwood leaves and tobacco seedlings grow together, the released volatile matter has a good insect expelling effect, and the prevention and control capability of tobacco leaf curl virus disease can be enhanced by spraying the prepared sweet wormwood liquid on tobacco; the sweet wormwood branches and residues are buried in the soil, so that a long-acting antibacterial organic fertilizer beneficial to the soil can be formed; the technology has low input cost and good disease prevention effect, can obviously reduce the application amount of corresponding pesticide, and is ecological and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco disease control, and relates to a method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood.
Background
The Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus (TLCV) belongs to a virus, is mainly parasitic on tobacco, is a main disease for restricting the production and breeding of tobacco leaves, is mainly propagated through tobacco aphids and tobacco whiteflies, particularly under the high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the tobacco aphids and the tobacco whiteflies are greatly propagated, the incidence rate of the tobacco leaf curl virus is high, and the tobacco leaf stalks, main veins and stems are distorted and deformed to cause a series of serious disease problems of dwarfing of tobacco plants, growth retardation, branch and leaf clustering and the like. At present, chemical pesticides with strong medicinal properties are often adopted to prevent and treat tobacco leaf curl disease, and a good prevention and treatment effect can be achieved only by large-area unified prevention and treatment, but the prevention and treatment method has the problems of high cost, short pesticide effect duration, unstable prevention and treatment effect and serious environmental pollution caused by more pesticide residues.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood aiming at the problems of high cost, unstable pesticide effect and serious environmental pollution caused by more pesticide residues in the prior art by adopting chemical pesticide, and the specific scheme is as follows:
a method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood comprises the following steps:
A. interplanting of sweet wormwood seedlings and tobacco seedlings: planting sweet wormwood seedlings on two sides of a ridge of a tobacco field, wherein the height of the ridge is 35cm, the width of the ridge is 100cm, a planting ditch is formed between every two ridges, the width of the planting ditch is 30cm, the planting distance of the sweet wormwood seedlings is 30-40 cm, the tobacco seedlings are planted in the middle of the ridge after the sweet wormwood seedlings are planted for 7 days, the planting distance of the tobacco seedlings is 50-60 cm, and the distance between a sweet wormwood seedling planting row and a tobacco seedling planting row is 30 cm;
B. preparing sweet wormwood liquid: carrying out capping and strip trimming treatment when the sweet wormwood grows to 80-90 cm, cleaning the sweet wormwood branches obtained after treatment with water, cutting the sweet wormwood branches into fragments with the length of 2-5 cm by using a cutting machine, and then putting the fragments into a pulping machine for cell wall breaking and grinding treatment for 20-30 min to obtain slurry; then, mixing the slurry and water in a weight ratio of 1:2, preparing sweet wormwood slurry, filtering the sweet wormwood slurry by using gauze to obtain sweet wormwood mixed solution, standing the sweet wormwood mixed solution for 2 hours, taking out supernatant to obtain sweet wormwood liquid, mixing, fermenting and decomposing sweet wormwood residues separated by lower-layer precipitation and the sweet wormwood residues filtered by using the gauze to prepare sweet wormwood organic fertilizer, and using the sweet wormwood organic fertilizer in tobacco seedling field cultivation in the second year;
C. spraying sweet wormwood liquid: during 40-80 days of tobacco seedling field growth, capping and pruning the sweet wormwood herb by adopting the method in the step B every 7 days, preparing sweet wormwood herb liquid by using the obtained branches, spraying the prepared sweet wormwood herb liquid to tobacco plants once, wherein the standing time of the sweet wormwood herb liquid used each time is not more than 3 days, and spraying 100 kilograms of sweet wormwood herb liquid per mu;
D. tobacco field later-stage management: after the tobacco plants are mature and harvested, the prepared organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is applied to a tobacco field, the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood and the sweet wormwood planted in the field are ploughed and buried in soil, and the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is slowly fermented in the soil to form the efficient antibacterial organic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that:
1. during the process that the sweet wormwood leaves and tobacco seedlings grow together, the released volatile matters have a good insect expelling effect, rows of sweet wormwood are planted on two sides of tobacco, so that myzus persicae and bemisia tabaci can be effectively prevented from migrating to the tobacco from the external environment at will, and the foreign tobacco leaf curl virus is actively and effectively prevented from entering;
2. when the sweet wormwood grows to 80-90 cm, the sweet wormwood is subjected to capping and pruning treatment, the disease and pest outbreak peak period is just right, the generation amount of volatile matters of the damaged sweet wormwood branches during capping is increased, and the defense capability to the disease and pest is improved;
3. the tobacco seedlings are planted for 40-80 days, the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is high, the prepared sweet wormwood liquid is used for spraying tobacco every seven days, the inhibition of volatile matters of sweet wormwood branches on the population quantity of tobacco aphids and tobacco whiteflies in a tobacco field is increased, and the incidence rate of tobacco leaf curl virus diseases is reduced;
4. experiments show that: the tobacco leaf curl virus disease is controlled by cultivating sweet wormwood and spraying sweet wormwood liquid, the tobacco leaf curl virus disease is controlled by using the sweet wormwood liquid for planting a Yunyan 87 tobacco variety, the morbidity of the tobacco leaf curl virus disease is 2.06%, the disease index is 1.69, the relative density of a tobacco aphid population is 0.37%, the relative density of a bemisia tabaci population is 3.69%, the yield of tobacco seeds is 11.04 kg per mu, compared with a natural morbidity control, the morbidity and the disease index of the tobacco leaf curl virus disease are both obviously reduced, the relative densities of the two kinds of virus-transmitting insects are also obviously reduced, and the seed yield is obviously higher than that of the natural morbidity control. Compared with a control group for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by applying the pesticide, the control effect of the plant diseases and the seed yield have no obvious difference, and the population relative density of the virus-carrying insects is reduced. When the virus-resistant and virus-transmitting insect hybrid is used in the planting of K326 tobacco varieties, the morbidity of tobacco leaf curl virus is 1.98%, the disease index is 1.7, the relative density of tobacco aphid populations is 0.63%, the relative density of tobacco whitefly populations is 2.94%, the yield of tobacco seeds is 10.58 kg per mu, compared with the control of natural morbidity, the morbidity and the disease index of the tobacco leaf curl virus are both obviously reduced, the relative densities of the populations of two kinds of virus-transmitting insects are also obviously reduced, and the seed yield is obviously higher than that of the control of natural morbidity; compared with a control group for controlling plant diseases and insect pests by applying the pesticide, the control effect of the plant diseases and the seed yield have no obvious difference, and the population relative density of the virus-carrying insects is reduced;
5. the tobacco leaf curl virus disease is prevented and treated by cultivating the sweet wormwood and spraying the sweet wormwood extracting solution, the investment economic cost is low, the ecological environment is not polluted, the prevention and treatment effect is good, and the sweet wormwood organic fertilizer embedded into the soil is slowly fermented to form the long-acting antibacterial organic fertilizer beneficial to the soil.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the selected test site is located in a seed reproduction base of tobacco seed Limited liability company in Yuxi, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province; the tobacco seedling raising mode adopts floating seedling raising, and the seedlings are transplanted to a field after being grown; the tobacco variety to be cultivated is Yunyan 87; the experimental design comprises the following steps: interplanting prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests test of sweet wormwood seedlings and tobacco seedlings, pesticide spraying prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests control test and natural planting of plant diseases and insect pests generation control test:
treatment 1: the method for preventing and treating the tobacco viral diseases comprises the following steps:
A. interplanting of sweet wormwood seedlings and tobacco seedlings: planting sweet wormwood seedlings on two sides of a ridge of a tobacco field, wherein the height of the ridge is 35cm, the width of the ridge is 100cm, a planting ditch is formed between every two ridges, the width of the planting ditch is 30cm, the planting distance of the sweet wormwood seedlings is 30-40 cm, the tobacco seedlings are planted in the middle of the ridge after the sweet wormwood seedlings are planted for 7 days, the planting distance of the tobacco seedlings is 50-60 cm, and the distance between a sweet wormwood seedling planting row and a tobacco seedling planting row is 30 cm;
B. preparing sweet wormwood liquid: carrying out capping and strip trimming treatment when the sweet wormwood grows to 80-90 cm, cleaning the sweet wormwood branches obtained after treatment with water, cutting the sweet wormwood branches into fragments with the length of 2-5 cm by using a cutting machine, and then putting the fragments into a pulping machine for cell wall breaking and grinding treatment for 20-30 min to obtain slurry; then, mixing the slurry and water in a weight ratio of 1:2, preparing sweet wormwood slurry, filtering the sweet wormwood slurry by using gauze to obtain sweet wormwood mixed solution, standing the sweet wormwood mixed solution for 2 hours, taking out supernatant to obtain sweet wormwood liquid, mixing, fermenting and decomposing sweet wormwood residues separated by lower-layer precipitation and the sweet wormwood residues filtered by using the gauze to prepare sweet wormwood organic fertilizer, and using the sweet wormwood organic fertilizer in tobacco seedling field cultivation in the second year;
C. spraying sweet wormwood liquid: during 40-80 days of tobacco seedling field growth, capping and pruning the sweet wormwood herb by adopting the method in the step B every 7 days, preparing sweet wormwood herb liquid by using the obtained branches, spraying the prepared sweet wormwood herb liquid to tobacco plants once, wherein the standing time of the sweet wormwood herb liquid used each time is not more than 3 days, and spraying 100 kilograms of sweet wormwood herb liquid per mu;
D. tobacco field later-stage management: after the tobacco plants are mature and harvested, the prepared organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is applied to a tobacco field, the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood and the sweet wormwood planted in the field are ploughed and buried in soil, and the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is slowly fermented in the soil to form the efficient antibacterial organic fertilizer.
And (3) treatment 2: the test area is 10 mu, the conventional field management is adopted, and the pesticides of 20% of moroxydine copper acetate, disinfection and 5% of methylamino abamectin are regularly sprayed as the control test of pesticide application.
And (3) treatment: the test area is 10 mu, and no chemical pesticide is sprayed to serve as a natural disease control test.
Performing tobacco leaf curl field investigation in the central flowering phase of tobacco plants, adopting five sampling points, investigating 30 plants at each point, and performing investigation standard according to tobacco pest and disease damage investigation method (GB/T23222-2008); meanwhile, insect population density survey is carried out, field insects are trapped by adopting a sticky trap in a standing mode, and population relative densities of two kinds of virus-carrying insects including myzus persicae and bemisia tabaci are calculated.
The test result shows that compared with the control of natural morbidity, the incidence and disease index of the tobacco leaf curl disease of the reference variety Yunyan 87 are obviously reduced under the condition of sweet wormwood interplanting treatment, the relative population densities of two kinds of virus-carrying insects are also obviously reduced, and the seed yield is obviously higher than the control of natural morbidity; compared with the control of pesticide application, the disease control effect and the seed yield are not obviously different, the population relative density of the virus-transmitting insects is reduced, and the test result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of Yunyan 87 tobacco leaf curl disease prevention and control for sweet wormwood cultivated in Artemisia annua
Example 2:
the same as example 1, only the following differences: the variety Yunyan 87 is adjusted to K326.
Test results show that under the condition of sweet wormwood interplanting treatment, the morbidity and disease index of a reference variety K326 tobacco leaf curl disease are both obviously reduced, the population relative density of two kinds of virus-transmitting insects is also obviously reduced, and the seed yield is obviously higher than that of a natural disease control; compared with the control of pesticide application, the disease control effect and the seed yield are not obviously different, the population relative density of the virus-transmitting insects is reduced, and the test result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 test results of K326 tobacco leaf curl disease prevention and control by cultivating Artemisia annua
Claims (1)
1. A method for preventing and controlling tobacco leaf curl disease by interplanting sweet wormwood is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. interplanting of sweet wormwood seedlings and tobacco seedlings: planting sweet wormwood seedlings on two sides of a ridge of a tobacco field, wherein the height of the ridge is 35cm, the width of the ridge is 100cm, a planting ditch is formed between every two ridges, the width of the planting ditch is 30cm, the planting distance of the sweet wormwood seedlings is 30-40 cm, the tobacco seedlings are planted in the middle of the ridge after the sweet wormwood seedlings are planted for 7 days, the planting distance of the tobacco seedlings is 50-60 cm, and the distance between a sweet wormwood seedling planting row and a tobacco seedling planting row is 30 cm;
B. preparing sweet wormwood liquid: carrying out capping and strip trimming treatment when the sweet wormwood grows to 80-90 cm, cleaning the sweet wormwood branches obtained after treatment with water, cutting the sweet wormwood branches into fragments with the length of 2-5 cm by using a cutting machine, and then putting the fragments into a pulping machine for cell wall breaking and grinding treatment for 20-30 min to obtain slurry; mixing the pulp with water according to the weight ratio of 1:2 to obtain sweet wormwood pulp, filtering the sweet wormwood pulp with gauze to obtain sweet wormwood mixed solution, standing the sweet wormwood mixed solution for 2 hours, taking out supernatant to obtain sweet wormwood liquid, mixing sweet wormwood residues separated by lower-layer precipitation and sweet wormwood residues filtered by the gauze, fermenting and decomposing to obtain sweet wormwood organic fertilizer, wherein the sweet wormwood organic fertilizer is used for cultivation in a tobacco seedling field in the second year;
C. spraying sweet wormwood liquid: during 40-80 days of tobacco seedling field growth, capping and pruning the sweet wormwood herb by adopting the method in the step B every 7 days, preparing sweet wormwood herb liquid by using the obtained branches, spraying the prepared sweet wormwood herb liquid to tobacco plants once, wherein the standing time of the sweet wormwood herb liquid used each time is not more than 3 days, and spraying 100 kilograms of sweet wormwood herb liquid per mu;
D. tobacco field later-stage management: after the tobacco plants are mature and harvested, the prepared organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is applied to a tobacco field, the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood and the sweet wormwood planted in the field are ploughed and buried in soil, and the organic fertilizer of the sweet wormwood is slowly fermented in the soil to form the efficient antibacterial organic fertilizer.
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