CN107988796A - 一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107988796A CN107988796A CN201711468392.4A CN201711468392A CN107988796A CN 107988796 A CN107988796 A CN 107988796A CN 201711468392 A CN201711468392 A CN 201711468392A CN 107988796 A CN107988796 A CN 107988796A
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- kiwi berry
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- plastic fresh
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Abstract
本发明涉及食品保鲜材料领域,公开了一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法。包括如下制备过程:(1)采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球洗涤后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理并加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,搅拌制得复合乳液,原料组份为:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球10~20%、聚偏二氯乙烯25~30%、乳化剂1~2%、水48~64%;(2)对无纺布电晕处理后均匀涂布复合乳液并干燥;(3)用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理即得塑料保鲜膜。本发明制备的塑料保鲜膜与传统保鲜膜相比,薄膜中二氧化碳/氧气的渗透比高,二氧化碳浓度低,同时低氧环境维持好,气调效果明显,有效延长了猕猴桃的保质期,并且制备过程简单,能耗低,价格低廉,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品保鲜材料领域,提供了一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法。
背景技术
猕猴桃是猕猴桃科猕猴桃属多年生植物的统称,又称羊桃、奇异果、猕猴梨、毛梨等,为多年生藤本植物,是一种重要的水果资源。猕猴桃果实果肉酸甜可口、营养丰富、富含维生素,具有较高的保健价值,因此又被称为“VC之王”,猕猴桃还含有膳食纤维、多糖、黄酮、多酚等功能性成分,对于微量元素,钙和镁含量最高,其次是铁、铜、锌等,除此之外,猕猴桃还含有亮氨酸、结氨酸等十多种氨基酸。猕猴桃对心血管疾病、癌症等多种疾病具有较高的经济价值和药用价值,是广受人们喜爱的水果之一。由于猕猴桃属于呼吸跃变型果实,在室温条件下贮藏, 果实易失水萎缩, 果肉软化, 出现异味和霉烂, 因此果实保鲜非常重要。
影响猕猴桃保鲜因素的有品种、采收期、呼吸作用、温度、湿度、气体环境等。一般来说, 品种不同其耐藏性不同; 不同采收期对猕猴桃果实的贮藏性能影响很大, 选择最佳采收期是达到理想贮藏效果的主要因素之一; 温度决定着猕猴桃的贮藏寿命、硬度、新鲜度、品质风味;而湿度是影响果实水分,保持果实质量和风味的重要因素;调节贮藏环境中的氧气和二氧化碳浓度能够明显抑制果蔬的呼吸作用及衰老变质。根据猕猴桃果实的成熟生理特点,充分考虑影响猕猴桃贮运的主要因素,猕猴桃贮藏保鲜技术可谓多种多样。除常规地窖贮藏、贮藏冷藏并配合保鲜膜、保鲜剂贮藏外,现在各国应用及发展较快的是气调贮藏,主要是低乙烯气调贮藏。其中果蔬保鲜膜因使用方便且效果较好而应用范围极广。
果蔬保鲜膜是在普通的薄膜中添加或者涂敷乙烯吸收剂(或者称保鲜剂),主要是依靠保鲜膜的气调作用,自动调节氧气和二氧化碳的指标,保持极值和阈值参数,而不产生果实气体伤害;同时最大限度地利用果蔬呼吸消耗降低氧气,提高二氧化碳,抑制果蔬自身呼吸代谢,利用低氧气,高二氧化碳的协同作用抵抗乙烯等衰老激素的催熟作用,减少自身养分消耗,达到延长自身寿命效果。针对猕猴对二氧化碳和乙烯的高敏感度,研究和应用二氧化碳比氧气渗透率高,且可降低乙烯含量的保鲜膜是猕猴桃保鲜技术发展的重要内容。
中国发明专利申请号201610176295.7公开了一种壳聚糖/ZnO抗菌保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用,解决现有技术中的水果保鲜难度大,容易腐烂的问题,利用壳聚糖和ZnO纳米颗粒制备抗菌保鲜膜并应用于水果保鲜。包括以下步骤:(1)壳聚糖、冰醋酸置于去离子水内溶解,静置;(2)加入纳米颗粒,磁力搅拌,得混合液备用;(3)将上述混合液干燥自动化膜,即得保鲜膜。
中国发明专利申请号201710003051.3公开了一种透气果蔬保鲜膜的制备方法,由两层膜体组成;上层是激光打孔膜层,下层为负载着抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分的膜层;以聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯类树脂为基材,在基材上穿孔,形成激光打孔膜;将聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乳酸、聚羟基烷酸酯基材树脂与抗菌剂、抗氧化剂功能组分通过双螺杆机共混形成淋膜液;通过淋膜工艺将功能组分的内层膜和激光打孔的外层膜复合构成透气果蔬保鲜膜。
根据上述,现有方案中用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜无法有效控制二氧化碳和氧气渗透率比率,包装袋内二氧化碳的浓度较高,无法有效控制袋内的低氧环境,果实的呼吸作用明显,导致猕猴桃容易腐烂变质,保质期较短,鉴于此,本发明提出了一种创新性的用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法,可有效解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
由于目前应用较广的猕猴桃塑料保鲜膜存在二氧化碳和氧气渗透比较低,袋内二氧化碳浓度较高,低氧环境较差,猕猴桃容易腐烂变质,保质期较短等问题。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜得制备方法,所述塑料保鲜膜的制备过程分为三个阶段:(1)复合乳液的制备;(2)复合乳液的涂布;(3)涂布层的激光处理;
一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯、乳化剂、水中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥;
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,使涂布层内的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及聚偏二氯乙烯的聚合物分子链发生部分断裂,使涂布层的气体渗透性提高,得到一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜。
优选的,所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球的粒径为30~100μm;
优选的,所述双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为3:7~4:7;
优选的,所述加热温度为80~90℃,处理时间为50~70min;
优选的,所述复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球10~20份、聚偏二氯乙烯25~30份、乳化剂1~2份、水48~64份;所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙、月桂酸单甘油酯或单棕榈酸酯中的一种;
优选的,所述无纺布的材质为涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶中的一种;所述电晕处理的电压为5000~10000V/m2;
优选的,所述涂覆机为自动整板涂覆机或自动选择式涂覆机中的一种;所述涂覆厚度为0.2~0.5mm;
优选的,所述红外线为远红外线,可由电气石、玉石、碳化硅或生物炭产生,干燥时间为3~5min;
优选的,所述激光器为二氧化碳激光器、碟片激光器或光纤激光器中的一种,激光频率为4.5~6×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.2~0.5m,时间为5~10s。
由上述方法制备得到的一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜;由于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯对二氧化碳具有良好的选择性,涂布复合乳液的无纺布具有很高的二氧化碳/氧气渗透比,对猕猴桃具有良好的气调效果,以维持包装袋内较低的二氧化碳浓度及氧气浓度,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期。
以腈纶为无纺布材料,测试本发明制备的塑料保鲜膜的CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期,并与聚丙烯气调保鲜膜、聚乙烯醇气调保鲜膜、聚氯乙烯气调保鲜膜及聚丙烯气调保鲜膜相对比,本发明的方法具有明显优势,如表1所示。
表1:
本发明提供了一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜及制备方法,与现有技术相比,其突出的特点和优异的效果在于:
1、提出了采用制备用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的方法。
2、通过激光辐射处理聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯涂布的无纺布,利用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯对二氧化碳具有良好的选择性,有效提高了薄膜中二氧化碳/氧气的渗透比,气调效果明显。
3、本发明制备的塑料保鲜膜中二氧化碳浓度低,同时低氧环境维持好,可有效防止猕猴桃腐化变质,延长了保质期。
4、本发明的制备过程简单,能耗低,价格低廉,应用前景广阔。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球15份、聚偏二氯乙烯28份、乳化剂1份、水56份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为3:7;加热温度为85℃,处理时间为60min;乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为7000V/m2;涂覆机为自动整板涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.3mm;红外线为电气石产生的远红外线,干燥时间为4min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为二氧化碳激光器,激光频率为5×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.4m,时间为7s。
实施例1制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
实施例2
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球10份、聚偏二氯乙烯25份、乳化剂1份、水64份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为3:7;加热温度为80℃,处理时间为70min;乳化剂为月桂酸单甘油酯;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为5000V/m2;涂覆机为自动选择式涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.2mm;红外线为玉石产生的远红外线,干燥时间为3min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为碟片激光器,激光频率为4.5×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.2m,时间为10s。
实施例2制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
实施例3
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球20份、聚偏二氯乙烯30份、乳化剂2份、水48份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为4:7;加热温度为90℃,处理时间为50min;乳化剂为单棕榈酸酯;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为10000V/m2;涂覆机为自动整板涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.5mm;红外线为碳化硅产生的远红外线,干燥时间为5min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为光纤激光器,激光频率为6×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.5m,时间为5s。
实施例3制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
实施例4
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球12份、聚偏二氯乙烯28份、乳化剂2份、水58份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为4:7;加热温度为85℃,处理时间为55min;乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为6000V/m2;涂覆机为自动选择式涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.3mm;红外线为生物炭产生的远红外线,干燥时间为3min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为二氧化碳激光器,激光频率为4.8×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.3m,时间为8s。
实施例4制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
实施例5
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球18份、聚偏二氯乙烯29份、乳化剂2份、水51份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为4:7;加热温度为88℃,处理时间为65min;乳化剂为月桂酸单甘油酯;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为9000V/m2;涂覆机为自动选择式涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.4mm;红外线为电气石产生的远红外线,干燥时间为5min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为碟片激光器,激光频率为5.5×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.4m,时间为8s。
实施例5制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
实施例6
(1)复合乳液的制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯乳液中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球16份、聚偏二氯乙烯28份、乳化剂1份、水55份;
双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为4:7;加热温度为88℃,处理时间为65min;乳化剂为单棕榈酸酯;
(2)复合乳液的涂布的具体过程为:
先对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥; 无纺布为腈纶;电晕处理的电压为8000V/m2;涂覆机为自动整板涂覆机;涂覆厚度为0.3mm;红外线为碳化硅产生的远红外线,干燥时间为4min;
(3)涂布层的激光处理的具体过程为:
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,从而延长猕猴桃的保质期,得到用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜;
激光器为光纤激光器,激光频率为5×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.4m,时间为7s。
实施例6制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
对比例1
(1)复合乳液的制备:与实施例6一致;
(2)复合乳液的涂布:与实施例6一致;
(3)涂布层的激光处理:未采用激光辐射处理。
对比例1制得的用于猕猴桃的塑料保鲜膜,其CO2/ O2渗透比、CO2浓度、O2浓度及猕猴桃保质期如表2所示。
表2:
Claims (9)
1.一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,制备的具体过程为:
先采用乙醇溶液对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球进行洗涤,干燥后放入双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,加热处理一段时间,自然冷却后用蒸馏水洗涤干净,然后加入聚偏二氯乙烯、乳化剂、水中,磁力搅拌直至形成均匀稳定的复合乳液;
对无纺布的表面进行电晕处理,然后将制得的复合乳液通过涂覆机均匀地涂布于无纺布表面,再采用红外线进行干燥;
采用激光器对无纺布的涂布层进行辐射处理,使涂布层内的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及聚偏二氯乙烯的聚合物分子链发生部分断裂,使涂布层的气体渗透性提高,得到一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球的粒径为30~100μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述双氧水与硫酸的混合液中,双氧水与硫酸的体积比为3:7~4:7。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热温度为80~90℃,处理时间为50~70min。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述复合乳液中,各组分总的质量份数以100份计,其中:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球10~20份、聚偏二氯乙烯25~30份、乳化剂1~2份、水48~64份;所述乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙、月桂酸单甘油酯或单棕榈酸酯中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述无纺布可为涤纶、丙纶、锦纶、氨纶、腈纶中的一种;所述电晕处理的电压为5000~10000V/m2。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述涂覆机为自动整板涂覆机或自动选择式涂覆机中的一种;所述涂覆厚度为0.2~0.5mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述激光器为二氧化碳激光器、碟片激光器或光纤激光器中的一种,激光频率为4.5~6×1014Hz,辐射间距为0.2~0.5m,时间为5~10s。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述方法制备得到的一种用于猕猴桃包装的塑料保鲜膜。
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