CN107980820A - Plant insecticide and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Plant insecticide and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107980820A CN107980820A CN201711273510.6A CN201711273510A CN107980820A CN 107980820 A CN107980820 A CN 107980820A CN 201711273510 A CN201711273510 A CN 201711273510A CN 107980820 A CN107980820 A CN 107980820A
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- plant insecticide
- kerria
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
- A01N31/16—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system with two or more oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/26—Meliaceae [Chinaberry or Mahogany family], e.g. mahogany, langsat or neem
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/30—Polygonaceae [Buckwheat family], e.g. red-knees or rhubarb
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
A kind of plant insecticide, it includes following component：Cavalerie clearweed herb, garlic, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, wormwood, polygonum flaccidum, print kerria seeds, Salvia japonica, citric acid, eugenol.The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of plant insecticide：First by cavalerie clearweed herb, garlic, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, wormwood, polygonum flaccidum, print kerria seeds, Salvia japonica are eluted with water, ground again, suitable water is added after obtaining powder, is stirred to paste, the mixture heating of paste is boiled, is filtered, collect its filtrate and add citric acid and eugenol is uniformly mixed, obtain plant insecticide.The invention also discloses a kind of application of plant insecticide.The plant insecticide of the present invention will not be to environmental effects and good disinsection effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insecticide and its preparation method and application, particularly one kind can effectively prevent leaf roller, red
Spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as etc. the plant insecticide of pest and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Bread is the staff of life, and the existence of the mankind be unable to do without grain.People always want to it is as far as possible more buy grain, in order to meet people
More and more demands, be only improved the yield of arable land unit area, and pesticide is just made that this tremendous contribution.State of China
Though native wide, per capita area of cultivated farmland is nervous, just more embodies the importance of pesticide.
Citrus, lichee, longan, the mango of the threat of proportion of crop planting, often insect infestation, particularly Southern Fruit Trees,
Frequently suffer from leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as etc. harm, make the fruit underproduction of crop.Common insecticide kind on fruit tree
Class is very much, and peasants are for convenience and quick at present, mostly using pesticide, due to when having sprayed the pesticide for having residual toxin,
The pesticide that may result in residual toxin damages our bodies, plant source biopesticide, is biological insecticides family
Middle exploitation is a kind of.Two leading products be respectively from Dendranthema spend middle extraction pyrethrin (Pan,
1995) it is and plain (Morgan, 2009) from the print chaff of print kerria seeds son extraction.Some plant extracts, due to its activity and correspond to
Synthetic activity it is the same, but there is the different modes of action, will not be to environmental effects, so they are pests
The fine selection of the comprehensive regulation.
But single pyrethrin or print chaff element, it is limited to the lethality of worm.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of compound plant source pesticide, farming species is gone out no pesticide, without hormone and nothing
The crop products of chemicals pollution.
The present invention provides a kind of plant insecticide, and it includes the following component in terms of parts by weight：
10-20 parts of cavalerie clearweed herb；
10-20 parts of garlic；
20-30 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum；
5-10 parts of wormwood；
5-10 parts of polygonum flaccidum；
It is 10-20 parts sub- to print kerria seeds；
5-10 parts of Salvia japonica；
10-15 parts of citric acid；
2-5 parts of eugenol.
Preferably, a kind of plant insecticide, it includes the following component in terms of parts by weight：
15 parts of cavalerie clearweed herb；
15 parts of garlic；
25 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum；
7 parts of wormwood；
7 parts of polygonum flaccidum；
Print 15 parts of kerria seeds；
8 parts of Salvia japonica；
12 parts of citric acid；
3 parts of eugenol.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of plant insecticide, which includes the following steps：
(1) cavalerie clearweed herb, garlic, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, wormwood, polygonum flaccidum, print kerria seeds, Salvia japonica are eluted with water；
(2), by clean above-mentioned raw materials, ground, obtain pulverulent mixture；
(3) the powder that will be ground, adds water, stirs to paste, obtain pasty mixture；
(4) pasty mixture heating is boiled；
(5) after boiling, mixture is filtered, collects its filtrate；
(6) filtrate is added into citric acid and eugenol is uniformly mixed, obtain the plant insecticide.
The step (3) in, the addition of the water is 4-8 times of pulverulent mixture.
The step (4) in, boiling time 1-2h.
Present invention also offers a kind of plant insecticide as prevention leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug elephant should
With.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the material composition of insecticide of the invention is nontoxic, and noresidue is nuisanceless, and production method is simple, and cost is low, user
Just；
2nd, insecticide pair of the invention can effectively prevent leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as etc. pest, it is and not resistance to
Medical, can be used with 3-5, and some pesticides, even highly toxic pesticide, most second years, pest has just adapted to pharmacological property,
Doubling could be effective；
3rd, citric acid and eugenol are not only the effect of surfactant, and exclusive use can also play desinsection and anthelmintic action.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, claims of the present invention is described in further detail, but is not formed
Any limitation of the invention, any limited number of time modification made in the claims of the present invention, still in this hair
In bright claims.
The plant insecticide of the present invention includes following component, cavalerie clearweed herb, garlic, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, wormwood, polygonum flaccidum, Yin Di
Seeds, Salvia japonica, citric acid, eugenol.Wherein, cavalerie clearweed herb is the herb of contrayerva cavalerie clearweed herb.It is distributed in Hunan, wide
The ground such as west.Garlic is our common plantation garlics.Dalmatian chrysanthemum is that a kind of existing higher economic value has ornamental value again
Feverfew, its root, stem, leaf, flower etc. all contains poisonous insect element material, can be used for killing the evil such as aphid, mosquitos and flies, dark greyish green, cotton boll
Worm.The mosquito-repellent incense made of pyrethrum leaves, can drive fly with mosquitocidal, have special efficacy to bedbug, louse and flea.Dalmatian chrysanthemum can also be direct
For killing the pests such as aphid, mosquitos and flies, dark greyish green, cotton boll, pest is not likely to produce the resistance to the action of a drug, sees that light slowly resolves into CO2And water, no
Any poisonous or polluter is produced, therefore uses rear noresidue, it is without side-effects to people and animals, it is environmentally safe, it is internationally recognized
Safety, pollution-free natural insecticide belong to pure plant insecticide.Wormwood, alias：The yellow grass ﹑ of Xiao Mao, moxibustion grass ﹑ doctor's grass ﹑
Moxa etc..Perennial herb slightly has enhanced aroma into suffruticose, plant.Can with deinsectization, antibiotic effect, be distributed in Asia and
European Region.Polygonum flaccidum is annual herb plant, and in China, most area is all distributed, and is a kind of plant of resource very abundant
Thing, polygonum flaccidum are being used as insecticide by people very early.The principle active component of its desinsection is the sesquiterpene chemical combination such as polygodial
Thing, such as a kind of left-handed sesquiterpene compound polygodial extracted from polygonum flaccidum leaf, have insect good food refusal to live
Property, to the effective polygonum flaccidum of the various pests such as aphid, mythimna separata, diamondback moth, cabbage caterpillar and planthopper and confused flour beetle to insect, such as
Looper, cutworm etc., have very strong food refusal, deterrent effect.Print kerria tree and be also known as India kerria tree or India T perfume, print kerria tree
Leaf, fruit and seed extract are very promising to prevention various pests, have significant food refusal, deterrent and growth regulating effect,
Print kerria's seed crude extract has very high activity when being less than 0.lppm concentration.Salvia japonica is Labiatae, the annual grass of Salvia
This plant.Stem is upright, 30-100 centimetres of plant height, and plant is in shape of growing thickly, and plant is by pubescence.Stem is corner column, and hairiness lower part
Slightly lignifying.Salvia japonica originates in south of europe and Mediterranean littoral.China is distributed mainly on Zhejiang, Southern Anhui Province, river
Soviet Union, Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi；It is born in hillside, roadside, covers thick grass, under waterside and woods shade.Doctor can be used as
The medicinal herbs for the treatment of, have preferable anthelmintic action.Citric acid and eugenol are used as a kind of solvent, and have insecticidal effect.
Embodiment one：
Take 1kg cavalerie clearweed herbs, 1kg garlics, 2kg Dalmatian chrysanthemums, 0.5kg wormwoods, 0.5kg polygonum flaccidums, 1kg print kerria seeds, 0.5kg mouse
Tail grass is eluted with water, and by clean above-mentioned raw materials, is ground with pulverizer, obtains powder, the powder that will be ground, adds 26kg's
Water, is stirred to paste, then the mixture heating of paste is boiled 1h, is refiltered, is collected its filtrate, filtrate is added 1kg lemons
Acid and 0.2kg eugenols are uniformly mixed, and are obtained plant insecticide, are diluted 100 times of stalks and leaf for being sprayed on fruit tree,
For preventing leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as control rate reaches 85%.
Embodiment two：
Take 1.5kg cavalerie clearweed herbs, 1.5kg garlics, 2.5kg Dalmatian chrysanthemums, 0.7kg wormwoods, 0.7kg polygonum flaccidums, 1.5kg print kerria seeds
Son, 0.8kg Salvia japonicas are eluted with water, and by clean above-mentioned raw materials, are ground with pulverizer, obtain powder, the powder that will be ground,
The water of 60kg is added, is stirred to paste, then 1.5h is boiled into the mixture heating of paste, refilters, collects its filtrate, by filtrate
Add 1.2kg citric acids and 0.3kg eugenols are uniformly mixed, obtain plant insecticide, diluted 150 times and be sprayed on fruit tree
Stalk and leaf, for preventing leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as control rate reaches 81%.
Embodiment three：
Take 2kg cavalerie clearweed herbs, 2kg garlics, 3kg Dalmatian chrysanthemums, 1kg wormwoods, 1kg polygonum flaccidums, 2kg print kerria seeds, 1kg Salvia japonicas use
Water is cleaned, and by clean above-mentioned raw materials, is ground with pulverizer, obtains powder, the powder that will be ground, adds the water of 96kg, stir
Mix to paste, then 2h boiled into the heating of the mixture of paste, refilter, collect its filtrate, by filtrate add 1.5kg citric acids and
0.5kg eugenols are uniformly mixed, and obtain plant insecticide, are diluted 300 times of stalks and leaf for being sprayed on fruit tree, are used for
Leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug are prevented as control rate reaches 70%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of plant insecticide, it is characterised in that it includes the following component in terms of parts by weight：
10-20 parts of cavalerie clearweed herb；
10-20 parts of garlic；
20-30 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum；
5-10 parts of wormwood；
5-10 parts of polygonum flaccidum；
It is 10-20 parts sub- to print kerria seeds；
5-10 parts of Salvia japonica；
10-15 parts of citric acid；
2-5 parts of eugenol.
2. plant insecticide according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it includes in terms of parts by weight such as the following group
Part：
15 parts of cavalerie clearweed herb；
15 parts of garlic；
25 parts of Dalmatian chrysanthemum；
7 parts of wormwood；
7 parts of polygonum flaccidum；
Print 15 parts of kerria seeds；
8 parts of Salvia japonica；
12 parts of citric acid；
3 parts of eugenol.
3. a kind of preparation method of plant insecticide as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method is included such as
Lower step：
(1) cavalerie clearweed herb, garlic, Dalmatian chrysanthemum, wormwood, polygonum flaccidum, print kerria seeds, Salvia japonica are eluted with water；
(2), by clean above-mentioned raw materials, ground, obtain pulverulent mixture；
(3) the powder that will be ground, adds water, stirs to paste, obtain pasty mixture；
(4) pasty mixture heating is boiled；
(5) after boiling, mixture is filtered, collects its filtrate；
(6) filtrate is added into citric acid and eugenol is uniformly mixed, obtain the plant insecticide.
4. the preparation method of plant insecticide according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (3) in, it is described
The addition of water is 4-8 times of pulverulent mixture.
5. the preparation method of plant insecticide according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the step (4) in, boil
Time is 1-2h.
6. a kind of plant insecticide as claimed in claim 1 as prevent leaf roller, red spider, aphid, litchi stink bug as
Using.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711273510.6A CN107980820A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Plant insecticide and its preparation method and application |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711273510.6A CN107980820A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Plant insecticide and its preparation method and application |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107980820A true CN107980820A (en) | 2018-05-04 |
Family
ID=62036258
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711273510.6A Withdrawn CN107980820A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | Plant insecticide and its preparation method and application |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107980820A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108863591A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2018-11-23 | 镇江临泰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vegetable soilless-culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN115633685A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-24 | 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所 | Antifeedant composition and application thereof in aphid prevention and treatment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123804A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 刘淑静 | Pesticide composite for preventing and controlling tetranychus cinnabarinus disease |
| CN105379771A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 罗永城 | Plant-derived pesticide and its preparation method and use |
-
2017
- 2017-12-06 CN CN201711273510.6A patent/CN107980820A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123804A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 刘淑静 | Pesticide composite for preventing and controlling tetranychus cinnabarinus disease |
| CN105379771A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-09 | 罗永城 | Plant-derived pesticide and its preparation method and use |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 丁安伟 等: "《中药资源综合利用与产品开发》", 30 April 2013, 中国中医药出版社 * |
| 朱有勇: "《农业生物多样性控制作物病虫害的效应原理与方法》", 31 July 2012, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108863591A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2018-11-23 | 镇江临泰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vegetable soilless-culture nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN115633685A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-01-24 | 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所 | Antifeedant composition and application thereof in aphid prevention and treatment |
| CN115633685B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-11-07 | 中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所 | Antifeedant composition and application thereof in aphid control |
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Application publication date: 20180504 |