CN107970263B - 一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法 - Google Patents
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107970263B CN107970263B CN201711149012.0A CN201711149012A CN107970263B CN 107970263 B CN107970263 B CN 107970263B CN 201711149012 A CN201711149012 A CN 201711149012A CN 107970263 B CN107970263 B CN 107970263B
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- daphne genkwa
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,首先通过将水芫花进行破碎,并在水溶液中使用纤维素酶将水芫花中的纤维素进行分解,再加入有机溶剂对水芫花黄酮进行提取,然后使用重结晶以及柱层析的方式对水芫花黄酮进行提纯,得到了纯的水芫花黄酮。本发明具有如下有益效果:(1)提取条件温和,操作简单;(2)提取效率高;(3)纯化过程简单,纯化成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种黄酮化合物的提取方法,尤其是涉及一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法。
背景技术
水芫花(学名: Pemphisacidula),为千屈菜科水芫花属小灌木,分布范围狭窄偏远,主要分布于我国台湾岛南部海岸和其他东半球热带海岸,目前处于濒危状态。水芫花常被用来制作名贵盆景,目前研究主要集中在其生长环境与分布,分类学、生殖学和遗传多样性等,对于其植物体内成分及药理活性却研究较少。在仅有几个研究结果中显示仅仅是经过简单的有机溶剂的提取,得到有机溶剂浸膏,但是却没有提取出其内部的活性成分。
黄酮广泛存在自然界的某些植物和浆果中,总数大约有4千多种,其分子结构不尽相同,如芸香苷、橘皮苷、栎素、绿茶多酚、花色糖苷、花色苷酸等都属黄酮。不同分子结构的黄酮可作用于身体不同的器官,如银杏山楂--心血管系统,蓝梅--眼睛,酸果--尿路系统,葡萄--淋巴、肝脏,接骨木果--免疫系统,平时我们可以通过多食葡萄、洋葱、花椰莱、喝红酒、多饮绿茶等方式来获得黄酮,作为身体的一种补充。黄酮的功效是多方面的,它是一种很强的抗氧剂,可有效清除体内的氧自由基,如花青素可以抑制油脂性过氧化物的全阶段溢出,这种阻止氧化的能力是维生素E的十倍以上,这种抗氧化作用可以阻止细胞的退化、衰老,也可阻止癌症的发生。黄酮可以改善血液循环,可以降低胆固醇,向天果中的黄酮还含有一种PAF抗凝因子,这些作用大大降低了心脑血管疾病的发病率,也可改善心脑血管疾病的症状。
因此如何有效的从水芫花中提纯出黄酮化合物是非常急迫的,例如本发明人曾经在黑龙江医药科学杂志上发表的论文《水芫花提取物的体外抗氧化活性和抑菌活性研究》,其仅仅通过有机溶剂浸提的方式提取出了得石油醚浸膏、氯仿浸膏、乙酸乙酯浸膏和水提浸膏,并对其体外抗氧化活性和抑菌活性进行了分析,但并没有分离出其有效物质。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术中水芫花黄酮的提取方法时间较长,溶剂使用量大,分离效果较差,提供了一种提取速度快,溶剂使用量较少,分离效果好的一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过100-300目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,0.5-2份纤维素酶,调节pH至5.5-6.5之间,升高温度至48-60℃酶解3-5小时后,加入200份有机溶剂A,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭5-10份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附1-3小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去有机溶剂A,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入30-40份水与有机溶剂B 的混合溶剂中,升高温度至75-90℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至0-5℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在80-85℃下溶于水与有机溶剂B 的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至5-10℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇10-5:1混合液,最终得到纯水芫花黄酮。
步骤(a)中先使用纤维素酶对水芫花中的纤维素进行分解,使得水芫花中的细胞壁能够分解,从而使得水芫花细胞中的有效成分能够快速的被提取,通过有机溶剂提取并辅以超声波,使得水芫花中的有效成分能够完全的进入有机层中。步骤(b)中使用活性炭能够将有机层中的微小颗粒物以及一些色素杂质进行吸附。步骤(c)中通过多次重结晶的方式,将水芫花中的黄酮物质进行初步的提纯,最终经过步骤(d)中的柱层析后得到纯的水芫花黄酮终产物。
作为优选,所述的步骤(a)中有机溶剂A为乙酸乙酯、石油醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种。这些有机溶剂能够够有效的溶解水芫花中的黄酮化合物,从而提高其提取效率。
作为优选,所述的步骤(c)中有机溶剂B为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇中的一种。这些溶剂和水混合形成的混合溶剂在常温状态下对水芫花黄酮的溶解性能较差,而在温度较高时的溶解度较为优异,因此能够用来对水芫花黄酮进行重结晶。
作为优选,所述的步骤(c)中水与有机溶剂B的体积比为3-6:1。
作为优选,所述的步骤(d)中洗脱剂采用梯度洗脱,洗脱剂中氯仿的含量随洗脱时间增加浓度增大。采用梯度洗脱能够有效的将水芫花黄酮与其他化合物进行分离。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:(1)提取条件温和,操作简单;(2)提取效率高;(3)纯化过程简单,纯化成本低。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作以进一步描述说明。
如果无特殊说明,本发明的实施例中说采用的原料均为本领域常用的原料,实施例中所采用的方法,均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过100目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,0.5份纤维素酶,调节pH至5.5之间,升高温度至48℃酶解3小时后,加入200份乙酸乙酯,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭5份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附1小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去乙酸乙酯,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入30份水与甲醇的混合溶剂中,升高温度至90℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至0℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在80℃下溶于30份水与甲醇的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至5℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,采用梯度洗脱,初开始洗脱是洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇5:1混合液,逐渐将洗脱剂替换为氯仿-甲醇10:1混合液,最终旋干溶剂得到纯水芫花黄酮。
实施例2
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过300目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,2份纤维素酶,调节pH至6.5之间,升高温度至60℃酶解5小时后,加入200份石油醚,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭10份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附3小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去石油醚,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入40份水与乙醇的混合溶剂中,升高温度至75℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至5℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在85℃下溶于40份水与乙醇的混合溶剂的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至10℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,采用梯度洗脱,初开始洗脱是洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇5:1混合液,逐渐将洗脱剂替换为氯仿-甲醇10:1混合液,最终旋干溶剂得到纯水芫花黄酮。
实施例3
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过200目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,1.5份纤维素酶,调节pH至5.8之间,升高温度至55℃酶解4小时后,加入200份二氯甲烷,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭8份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附2小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去二氯甲烷,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入35份水与正丙醇的混合溶剂中,升高温度至85℃使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至2℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在85℃下溶于35份水与正丙醇的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至8℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,采用梯度洗脱,初开始洗脱是洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇5:1混合液,逐渐将洗脱剂替换为氯仿-甲醇10:1混合液,最终旋干溶剂得到纯水芫花黄酮。
实施例4
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过100目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,1.5份纤维素酶,调节pH至6.0之间,升高温度至55℃酶解3-5小时后,加入200份氯仿,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭9份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附3小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去氯仿,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入35份水与异丙醇的混合溶剂中,升高温度至88℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至4℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在82℃下溶于水与35份水与异丙醇的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至6℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,采用梯度洗脱,初开始洗脱是洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇5:1混合液,逐渐将洗脱剂替换为氯仿-甲醇10:1混合液,最终旋干溶剂得到纯水芫花黄酮。
实施例5
一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,所述的提纯方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过300目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,2份纤维素酶,调节pH至5.5之间,升高温度至48℃酶解3-5小时后,加入200份乙酸乙酯,200W超声处理处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭10份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附3小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去乙酸乙酯,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入35份水与乙醇的混合溶剂中,升高温度至75℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至0℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在80℃下溶于35份水与乙醇的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至10℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(d)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,采用梯度洗脱,初开始洗脱是洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇5:1混合液,逐渐将洗脱剂替换为氯仿-甲醇10:1混合液,最终旋干溶剂得到纯水芫花黄酮。
水芫花黄酮的抗氧化活性测试
水芫花黄酮溶液的配制
准确称量0.1 g水芫花黄酮和Vc,分别用无水乙醇溶解于50mL 的容量瓶中,经半量稀释法分别制备成5个浓度梯度的各样品溶液,浓度梯度分别为:2 mg·ml-1,1 mg·ml-1,0.5 mg·ml-1,0.25 mg·ml-1,0.125 mg·ml-1。
水芫花黄酮对 DPPH 自由基清除率的测定
用移液枪移取不同浓度的各供试品溶液 1mL加入 10mL 离心管中,再加 1mL 的320μmol·L-1的DPPH-乙醇溶液,用无水乙醇稀释至 4mL 充分混匀,常温下避光反应30min后,在517nm 处测吸光度 A1,以无水乙醇代替供试品溶液测量A0,计算公式如下:
式中: A 0-未加入抗氧化物质时测得的溶液平均吸光度值;
A 1-加入抗氧化物质后测得的溶液平均吸光度值。
水芫花黄酮对羟基自由基(·OH) 清除率的测定
取 10mL 离心管分别加入 6mmol·L-1FeSO4溶液、6 mmol·L-1水杨酸溶液和供试品溶液各 1mL,混匀,最后加入1mL 6 mmol·L-1H2O2启动反应,常温下避光静置30min 后于510nm处测定吸光度A1,以蒸馏水和无水乙醇混合物代替供试品溶液测定 A 0,羟基自由基清除率计算公式同上。
水芫花黄酮对超氧阴离子自由基( O2 -·) 清除率的测定
操作顺序如下: 取 4mL Tris-HCl缓冲溶液( pH = 8.2) ,25℃静置 30min然后加入 1mL供试品溶液再加入 0.4mL 邻苯三酚溶液,混匀升温至30℃水浴5min加入 1mL8mol /L Hcl终止反应,在299 nm测定吸光度 A 1、以 0.1mol·L-1HAc 代替供试品溶液测定 A 0。
水芫花黄酮还原能力的测定
用移液枪移取1mL各供试品溶液于10mL离心管中,分别加入2.5mL 的磷酸缓冲溶液(pH=6.6)和2.5mL 1% 铁氰化钾溶液,混匀,于50℃水浴反应20min,再加入2.5mL 的 10%三氯乙酸溶液,混匀,低速离心 10min,移取上清液、蒸馏水、0.1% FeCl3(按上清液: 蒸馏水:0.1% FeCl 3 = 5: 5: 1) 于玻璃试管中常温反应 5min,于700nm处测定吸光度,以吸光度大小来衡量各供试品的还原能力。
各结果附于下表中
从表中可知,水芫花黄酮对具有较强的抗氧化性,其在较低浓度下对DPPH 自由基、羟基自由基以及超氧阴离子自由基具有较强的清除作用。
Claims (3)
1.一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,其特征是,所述的提取方法包括以下几个步骤:
(a)取水芫花枝茎10份置于粉碎机中粉碎,过100-300目筛子,加入20份蒸馏水,0.5-2份纤维素酶,调节pH至5.5-6.5之间,升高温度至48-60℃酶解3-5小时后,加入200份有机溶剂A,200W超声处理30分钟,离心过滤取滤液,静置分层取有机层,得到水芫花黄酮粗提液;
(b)将步骤(a)中的水芫花黄酮粗提液浓缩至原体积的五分之一,然后加入活性炭5-10份,搅拌0.5小时后静置吸附1-3小时,过滤得滤液,减压除去有机溶剂A,得到水芫花黄酮粗产物;
(c)取步骤(b)中的水芫花黄酮粗产物10份加入30-40份水与有机溶剂B 的混合溶剂中,升高温度至75-90℃,使得水芫花黄酮粗产物能够完全溶解,趁热过滤溶液,取滤液快速以10℃/min的速度降温至0-5℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物,快速重结晶重复三次,然后再将水芫花黄酮快速重结晶产物在80-85℃下溶于水与有机溶剂B 的混合溶剂中以1℃/min的速度降温至5-10℃,过滤得到水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物,慢速重结晶过程重复3次;
(d)取步骤(c)中的水芫花黄酮慢速重结晶产物进行柱层析,固定相为聚酰胺,洗脱剂为氯仿-甲醇10-5:1混合液,最终得到纯水芫花黄酮;
所述的步骤(a)中有机溶剂A为乙酸乙酯、石油醚、二氯甲烷、氯仿中的一种;
所述的步骤(c)中有机溶剂B为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,其特征是,所述的步骤(c)中水与有机溶剂B的体积比为3-6:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水芫花黄酮的提取方法,其特征是,所述的步骤(d)中洗脱剂采用梯度洗脱,洗脱剂中氯仿的含量随梯度洗脱时间增加浓度增大。
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