CN107968159A - 一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池 - Google Patents
一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Inorganic materials [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052603 melanterite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，所述铅蓄电池中包含相变储能材料。本发明的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池在不额外耗能的前提下，可有效提升铅蓄电池的在低温条件下的容量和循环寿命，而且可以减缓铅蓄电池在高温条件下的寿命衰减和板栅腐蚀速度，同时可以增加电解液的流动性，增加极板活性物质的利用率，使铅蓄电池具有更好的温度适应能力，全面改善蓄电池的高低温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学电源相关材料领域，涉及一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池。
背景技术
铅蓄电池的电学性能和使用寿命受温度影响较大，一般铅蓄电池的适宜使用温度为20～25℃。当环境温度较高时，铅蓄电池失水加剧、板栅腐蚀速度加快，铅蓄电池寿命明显缩短；当环境温度较低时，铅蓄电池内部活性物质反应速度降低，电解液流动性变差，铅蓄电池容量明显降低，极板容易发生硫酸盐化，造成铅蓄电池容量和寿命缩短。这使得铅酸蓄电池的应用受到了很大的限制。
传统铅蓄电池的外壳主要为ABS、PP或PE等高分子材料，电解液为稀硫酸或胶体电解液，极板由铅合金和铅化合物组成，隔板为AGM材料或PVC、PF等高分子材料，但这些材料均不具备相变储能的能力，不能满足铅蓄电池高低温的使用要求，电池在较高温度或较低温度条件下使用时，造成电池失效。例如，专利201510606340.3公开了一种耐高低温长寿命铅酸蓄电池，采用铅、钙、锡、铝、银五元合金，加厚极板设计，并在铅膏配方中添加导电能力的碳纤维，保证电池在低温箱能正常充电，并在电池壳和上盖采用耐高低温的PPE材料，是电池耐高低温性能提高；专利201210551944.9公开了一种耐低温蓄电池内化成铅膏，通过改进铅膏配方、电解液比重、正负极活性物质重量比等方法，是电池更适宜北方的环境，来提高电池的寿命；专利201310128441.5公开了一种动力型铅酸蓄电池负极板耐低温铅膏配方，铅膏配方含有铅粉、短纤维、腐殖酸、木素磺酸钠、乙炔炭黑、硫酸钠、硫酸钡、去离子水、硫酸。从已经公开的方法可见，目前的铅蓄电池均未采用储能相变材料，有的外壳虽然具有耐热能力，但没有考虑到高温条件对电池的影响，有的方法从铅膏配方入手，增肌极板设计富余度以提高蓄电池的耐低温性能，这样的方法还是无法根本解决电池高低温性能不佳的问题。
因此，需要一种新的耐高低温铅蓄电池以解决上述问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池。
为了实现上述目标，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，所述铅蓄电池中包含相变储能材料。
更进一步的，所述相变储能材料为相变储能材料本身或相变储能微胶囊。
更进一步的，所述相变储能材料为CH3OONa·3H2O、CH3OONa·2H2O、CH3OOLi·2H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Mg(NO3)2·4H2O、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、Zn(NO3)2·H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、K3PO4·7H2O、Na3PO4·12H2O、Na2CO3·12H2O、CaCl2·6H2O、KF·4H2O、石蜡、脂肪酸类和多元醇中的一种或几种的混合物。
更进一步的，所述相变储能材料的相变点为-15℃～25℃。当环境温度高于相变点时，相变储能材料吸收热量；当环境温度低于相变点时，相变储能材料释放热量；在吸收和释放热量的过程中，相变储能材料的温度维持在相变点温度。
更进一步的，所述相变储能材料在所述外壳中的重量百分比为：0％<MPCM/M电池≤50％，其中，MPCM为相变储能材料的重量，M电池为铅蓄电池的重量。
更进一步的，所述铅蓄电池的正极板、负极板、隔板、电解液和壳体中的一种或多种包含相变储能材料。
发明原理：本发明采用相变储能材料与蓄电池各部件结合，将相变材料融入蓄电池中，使得铅蓄电池具有良好的储热和保温能力；利用相变储能材料的高热容特性，当蓄电池内部温度高于相变材料的相变点温度时，蓄电池内部的热量可以被相变储能材料迅速吸收，而当蓄电池内部温度低于相变储能材料的相变点温度时，相变储能材料会将热量释放出来，从而使蓄电池内部温度无明显改变。
有益效果：本发明的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池在不额外耗能的前提下，可有效提升铅蓄电池的在低温条件下的容量和循环寿命，而且可以减缓铅蓄电池在高温条件下的寿命衰减和板栅腐蚀速度，同时可以增加电解液的流动性，增加极板活性物质的利用率，使铅蓄电池具有更好的温度适应能力，全面改善蓄电池的高低温性能。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。
实施例1
首先，制备一定质量的相变储能材料，其相变点为-15℃，相变储能材料为石蜡、多元醇及无机相变材料的混合物。
其次，将上诉相变储能材料在铅蓄电池各部件生产过程中，加入到蓄电池的壳体和极板中。
最后，按铅蓄电池的生产工艺，进行极群组装、焊接、封盖、加注电解液、化成等工序得到含有相变储能材料的铅蓄电池。所用相变储能材料的质量占铅蓄电池的5％。
实施例2
首先，制备一定质量的相变储能微胶囊，微胶囊的相变点为15℃，相变储能材料为Na2SO4·10H2O、Zn(NO3)2·H2O及Na3PO4·12H2O的混合物。
其次，将上述相变储能材料在铅蓄电池各部件生产过程中，加入到蓄电池的AGM隔板和稀硫酸电解液中。
最后，按铅蓄电池的生产工艺，进行极群组装、焊接、封盖、加注电解液、化成等工序得到含有相变储能材料的铅蓄电池。所用相变储能材料的质量占铅蓄电池的15％。
实施例3
首先，制备一定质量的相变储能材料，其相变点为25℃，相变储能材料为多种有机及无机相变材料的混合物。
其次，将上述相变储能材料在铅蓄电池各部件生产过程中，加入到蓄电池的壳体、正负极板、PVC-SiO2隔板和胶体电解液中。
最后，按铅蓄电池的生产工艺，进行极群组装、焊接、封盖、加注电解液、化成等工序得到含有相变储能材料的铅蓄电池。所用相变储能材料的质量占铅蓄电池的50％。
Claims (6)
1.一种含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述铅蓄电池中包含相变储能材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述相变储能材料为相变储能材料本身或相变储能微胶囊。
3.如权利要求2所述的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述相变储能材料为CH3OONa·3H2O、CH3OONa·2H2O、CH3OOLi·2H2O、Mg(NO3)2·6H2O、Mg(NO3)2·4H2O、Ca(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·4H2O、Zn(NO3)2·6H2O、Zn(NO3)2·H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、K3PO4·7H2O、Na3PO4·12H2O、Na2CO3·12H2O、CaCl2·6H2O、KF·4H2O、石蜡、脂肪酸类和多元醇中的一种或几种的混合物。
4.如权利要求2所述的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述相变储能微胶囊的相变点为-15℃～25℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述相变储能材料在所述外壳中的重量百分比为：0％<MPCM/M外壳<50％，其中，MPCM为相变储能材料的重量，M电池为铅蓄电池的重量。
6.如权利要求1所述的含有相变储能材料的耐高低温铅蓄电池，其特征在于，所述铅蓄电池的正极板、负极板、隔板、电解液和壳体中的一种或多种包含相变储能材料。
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