CN107922575B - 生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 - Google Patents
生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107922575B CN107922575B CN201680048168.7A CN201680048168A CN107922575B CN 107922575 B CN107922575 B CN 107922575B CN 201680048168 A CN201680048168 A CN 201680048168A CN 107922575 B CN107922575 B CN 107922575B
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- malonate
- polyol composition
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- -1 dicarboxylic acid diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2,2-diethylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCC(CC)(C([O-])=O)C([O-])=O LTMRRSWNXVJMBA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- JJKMIZGENPMJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-propan-2-yloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)=O JJKMIZGENPMJRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NFKGQHYUYGYHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl propanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCCCC NFKGQHYUYGYHIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MQXAJNXSULJYCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl propanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCCCCCC MQXAJNXSULJYCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl malonate Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=O)OC BEPAFCGSDWSTEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MOJJCFBDUWMVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl propanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCCCCC MOJJCFBDUWMVJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LWIWFCDNJNZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl propanedioate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCCC LWIWFCDNJNZEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC=C(F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC CXBDYQVECUFKRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OLGXVKQPZBFKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-o-ethyl 3-o-propyl propanedioate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CC(=O)OCC OLGXVKQPZBFKBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QLELIHDLCZJWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-butan-2-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)=O QLELIHDLCZJWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VKPTWCCGURYLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-heptan-2-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)=O VKPTWCCGURYLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JLXUBOCILKAVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-heptan-3-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)OC(=O)CC(=O)O JLXUBOCILKAVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SNGBOXQCWUDQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hexan-2-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)=O SNGBOXQCWUDQHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRBDTBBWZKSJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octan-3-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound C(C)C(CCCCC)OC(CC(=O)O)=O KRBDTBBWZKSJCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OOWLXCXMLFRXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-pentan-2-yloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(C)OC(=O)CC(O)=O OOWLXCXMLFRXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclobutane Chemical compound C1CCC1 PMPVIKIVABFJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RPNFNBGRHCUORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-butylpropanedioate Chemical compound CCCCC(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC RPNFNBGRHCUORR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HZKWEPWJOZWXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-heptan-4-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(CCC)OC(=O)CC(=O)O HZKWEPWJOZWXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GLEKLHMYHNRADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nonan-4-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(CCC)OC(=O)CC(=O)O GLEKLHMYHNRADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DCOMZQWRZAJGKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nonan-5-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CCCC)OC(=O)CC(O)=O DCOMZQWRZAJGKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LOBODHYCPHQDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-decan-5-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(CCCC)OC(=O)CC(=O)O LOBODHYCPHQDBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBJOICJUNFDZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-octan-4-yloxy-3-oxopropanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CCC)OC(=O)CC(O)=O JBJOICJUNFDZER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHFIZUIEQZHQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-3-undecan-6-yloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCC)C(CCCCC)OC(CC(=O)O)=O LVHFIZUIEQZHQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 30
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 60
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 11
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 11
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其通过使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)转化来进行,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2‑18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3‑18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。在转化过程中使用至少一种发泡剂。本发明还涉及采用这种方法获得或可获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,并且涉及多元醇组合物(PZ),该多元醇组合物(PZ)至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2‑18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3‑18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。本发明还涉及这种多元醇组合物(PZ)在生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫中的用途,并且涉及本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料或用于制造绝热材料——优选绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却设备、绝热泡沫、冷却装置或冷冻装置——的用途。
Description
本发明涉及生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,该方法包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I),其中在反应过程中使用至少一种发泡剂。本发明还涉及通过所述方法可获得或获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,并且还涉及多元醇组合物(PZ),该多元醇组合物(PZ)至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个C原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个C原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。本发明还涉及所述多元醇组合物(PZ)用于生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的用途。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫和硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫已经久为人知,并且主要用于高温和低温下的绝热,例如在制冷器、热水箱、区域加热管或建筑工业中(例如夹层元件中)。
它们主要通过在催化剂、发泡剂以及添加剂的存在下使多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物反应来制备。
硬质聚氨酯泡沫所要求的显著特性为低导热性、良好的流动性、泡沫与外层充分的粘附性和良好的机械性能。
特别是当使用水作为发泡剂生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫时,该泡沫通常表现出不足的粘附性。US 5798533记载了使用特定催化剂改进仅用水发泡的硬质泡沫的粘附性,以提高对用于制冷器的聚苯乙烯或ABS的粘附性。但是,这会对泡沫的流动性和机械性能产生不利影响。WO 2004/009667记载了接枝多元醇在仅用水发泡的硬质泡沫体系中的使用,以减少泡沫的脆化以及改善对其它基材的粘附性。然而,接枝多元醇是昂贵的,并且通常与聚氨酯体系的其它组分不相容。EP 1806374记载了用于制冷器的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其通过使用烷氧基化单胺例如苯胺而具有改进的粘附性。但是,这些化合物会对泡沫的加工性能产生不利影响。
如果泡沫体系包含蓖麻油和选自碳酸亚烷基酯、羧酰胺和吡咯烷酮的化合物,则完全或主要使用水作为发泡剂制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫表现出改善的粘附性。
US 2008051481记载了使用卤化的、特别是溴化的多元醇生产的阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫。所使用的发泡剂优选包含物理发泡剂,任选地伴随使用水作为共发泡剂。其记载了使用粘附增进剂来改善这些产品的粘附性。建议使用碳酸亚丙酯或蓖麻油以及许多其他物质。
然而,US 2008051481中记载的卤化阻燃剂不适合用于制冷器。
WO 2011/039082 A1公开了完全或主要使用水作为发泡剂制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,并且如果泡沫体系包含蓖麻油和选自碳酸亚烷基酯、羧酰胺和吡咯烷酮的化合物,则该泡沫表现出改善的粘附性。在这些体系中达到了非常好的粘附力值。然而,这些制剂不适合长时间储存,因为会发生起始物料的分解,并有伴生气体逸出的可能性。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供表现出良好粘附力值的硬质聚氨酯泡沫和硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,以及用于生产这些泡沫的方法。本发明的另一个目的是提供可由相稳定组分制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫和硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫以及这些泡沫的生产方法。本发明的又一个目的是减少多元醇组合物中使用的有机碳酸酯的量。
所述目的在本发明中通过一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法而实现,所述方法包括使以下物质反应:
a)至少一种多异氰酸酯,和
b)多元醇组合物(PZ),
其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I),其中在反应过程中使用至少一种发泡剂。
为了本发明的目的而使用多元醇组合物(PZ)。所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。这里所述的多元醇组合物可以包含其它组分,例如也可以包含化学发泡剂。在该方法中使用的物理发泡剂通常不被视为所述多元醇组合物的组分。
在本发明的方法中使用至少一种发泡剂。本文所述的发泡剂可以加入到所述至少一种多异氰酸酯或所述多元醇组合物中,或者可以单独地加入。为了本发明的目的,优选将所述至少一种发泡剂加入到所述多元醇组合物中。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含所述至少一种发泡剂。
在本发明中,也可以例如将一种发泡剂加入到所述多元醇组合物(PZ)中,并且单独地加入另一种发泡剂。
本发明的方法包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应。所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
令人惊奇地,已经发现本发明的方法提供了硬质聚氨酯泡沫和硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其显示出良好的粘附力值,同时所使用的组分表现出良好的存放时间。此外,本发明的方法允许减少所使用的有机碳酸酯的量。本发明中所述的多元醇组合物(PZ)包含0-1重量%、例如0.01-0.75重量%、更优选0.01-0.5重量%的有机碳酸酯。在本发明中,所述多元醇组合物也可以不含有机碳酸酯,例如不含碳酸亚烷基酯。
所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种如上定义的化合物(I)。所述化合物(I)优选选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H或具有1-6个C原子的烷基部分;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分。
进一步优选的是,R1和R2部分为H,并且R3和R4部分彼此独立地为具有1-6个C原子的烷基部分,更优选为具有1-2个C原子的烷基部分。化合物(I)特别优选选自丙二酸二酯。已经证明特别适合于本发明目的的化合物为丙二酸二酯,其选自丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸二戊酯、丙二酸二己酯、丙二酸甲乙酯、丙二酸甲丙酯、丙二酸甲丁酯、丙二酸甲戊酯、丙二酸甲己酯、丙二酸乙丙酯、丙二酸乙丁酯、丙二酸乙戊酯、丙二酸乙己酯、丙二酸丙丁酯、丙二酸丙戊酯、丙二酸丙己酯、丙二酸丁戊酯、丙二酸丁己酯、和丙二酸戊己酯,特别优选选自丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸二戊酯、丙二酸二己酯和丙二酸甲乙酯。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中化合物(I)选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H或具有1-6个C原子的烷基部分;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中化合物(I)选自丙二酸二酯。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中化合物(I)选自丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸二戊酯、丙二酸二己酯、丙二酸甲乙酯、丙二酸甲丙酯、丙二酸甲丁酯、丙二酸甲戊酯、丙二酸甲己酯、丙二酸乙丙酯、丙二酸乙丁酯、丙二酸乙戊酯、丙二酸乙己酯、丙二酸丙丁酯、丙二酸丙戊酯、丙二酸丙己酯、丙二酸丁戊酯、丙二酸丁己酯和丙二酸戊己酯。
本文中,为了本发明的目的也可以使用多种酯的混合物。因此,所述多元醇组合物(PZ)也可以包含选自具有2-18个C原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个C原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯中的两种或更多种化合物。
可以使用合适的量的化合物(I),其中基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,化合物(I)的用量通常为0.5-10重量%;基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,优选为1.0-7.5重量%;基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,更优选为1.5-5.0重量%。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中化合物(I)的用量为0.5-10重量%,基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计。
所述多元醇组合物(PZ)也可以包含其它化合物。令人惊奇地,发现当所述多元醇组合物(PZ)除化合物(I)以外还包含脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯(例如蓖麻油)时,获得了良好的性能。本文所述的多元醇组合物还可以包含多种脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的混合物。适用于本发明目的的化合物尤其为具有超过10个C原子、优选超过12个C原子的脂族脂肪酸,以及这些脂肪酸的酯,例如棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、芥酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸或蓖麻油酸。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,该方法包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种脂肪酸或一种脂肪酸酯。本发明的一个优选实施方案提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含蓖麻油。
所述脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的用量,特别是所述蓖麻油的用量也可以宽泛地变化。基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯的用量,特别是蓖麻油的用量通常为1-20重量%。
蓖麻油也可以进行化学改性,特别是通过与环氧烷形成加合物。然而,优选使用未改性的蓖麻油。
为了本发明的目的,优选使用至少一种发泡剂。合适的发泡剂是本领域技术人员已知的。
为了本发明的目的,所使用的发泡剂优选包含水,其与异氰酸酯基反应而消除二氧化碳。本文中,水可以用作唯一的发泡剂。也可以将水与其它发泡剂、尤其是物理发泡剂混合使用。在本发明中还可以使用其他化学发泡剂,例如甲酸。
与水组合时,尤其可以使用物理发泡剂。它们是对起始组分呈惰性的化合物,在室温下多数为液体,并在氨基甲酸乙酯反应的条件下蒸发。这些化合物的沸点优选低于50℃。在物理发泡剂中,也有在室温下为气态并在压力下被引入或溶于起始组分中的化合物,例如二氧化碳、低沸点烷烃和氟代烷烃以及卤代烯烃。发泡剂主要选自具有至少4个碳原子的烷烃和/或环烷烃、二烷基醚、酯、酮、缩醛、具有1-8个碳原子的氟代烷烃和在烷基链中具有1-3个碳原子的四烷基硅烷特别是四甲基硅烷。可提及以下作为实例:丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和环丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷、环己烷、二甲醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基丁基醚、甲酸甲酯、丙酮,以及氟代烷烃例如三氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烯、1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯、二氟乙烷和七氟丙烷。所提及的物理发泡剂可以单独使用或以任何期望的彼此组合来使用。为了本发明的目的,可以使用顺式或反式异构体,或者多种异构体的混合物。
在将水用作唯一发泡剂的限度内,其通常使用的量为1-10重量%,基于多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,例如2.5-7.5重量%的量,更优选3.5-6.5重量%的量,在每种情况下基于多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计。
因此,本发明的另一个实施方案还提供一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使至少一种多异氰酸酯和多元醇组合物(PZ)反应,其中所使用的发泡剂包含0.1-10重量%的水,基于多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计。
在将水与其他发泡剂组合使用的限度内,适当调整水的使用量。如果将水与化学或物理发泡剂组合使用,则通常使用0.1-5.0重量%的量的水,更优选0.3-4.0重量%的量,在每种情况下基于多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计。
物理发泡剂的使用量可以宽泛地变化。
在本发明中使用至少一种多异氰酸酯。原则上可以使用任何合适的多异氰酸酯。特别地,所使用的有机多异氰酸酯可以包括任何已知的有机二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯,优选芳族多官能异氰酸酯。
可提及的具体化合物为:甲苯-2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和相应的异构体混合物,二苯基甲烷-4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)和相应的异构体混合物,二苯基甲烷-4,4'-和2,4'-二异氰酸酯的混合物,多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯,二苯基甲烷-4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物(粗MDI)以及粗MDI和甲苯二异氰酸酯的混合物。有机二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯可以单独使用或以混合物的形式使用。还经常使用所谓的改性多官能异氰酸酯,即通过有机二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯的化学反应获得的产物。可以作为实例提及的材料为包含以下基团的二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯:脲二酮、氨基甲酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺、脲基甲酸酯和/或氨基甲酸乙酯。改性的多异氰酸酯可任选地彼此混合或与未改性的有机多异氰酸酯例如二苯基甲烷-2,4'-或4,4'-二异氰酸酯、粗MDI以及甲苯-2,4-和/或2,6-二异氰酸酯混合。
除上述以外,还可以使用多官能异氰酸酯与多元醇的反应产物,以及它们与其它二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯的混合物。
已经证明作为有机多异氰酸酯特别有效的材料为粗MDI,特别是具有29-33重量%的NCO含量并且在25℃具有150-1000mPas的粘度的粗MDI。
多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物。举例而言,合适的化合物为具有OH或NH基团的那些化合物。
具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物包括含有至少两个优选为OH基的反应性基团的那些化合物,特别是OH值为25-800mg KOH/g的聚醚醇和/或聚酯醇。
所使用的聚酯醇主要通过具有2-12个碳原子、优选2-6个碳原子的多元醇(优选二元醇)与具有2-12个碳原子的多元羧酸的缩合制备,所述多元羧酸为例如丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、癸烷二甲酸、马来酸、富马酸,并且优选邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和异构的萘二羧酸。
所使用的聚酯醇的官能度通常为1.5-4。
特别地,使用通过已知方法制备的聚醚醇,例如在催化剂——优选碱金属氢氧化物或双金属氰化物催化剂(DMC催化剂)——的存在下,通过环氧烷在H-官能起始物质上的阴离子聚合而制备的聚醚醇。
所用的环氧烷主要包括环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷、或四氢呋喃、各种环氧丁烷、苯乙烯氧化物,或优选仅1,2-环氧丙烷。环氧烷可以单独使用、交替连续使用或以混合物的形式使用。
可使用的起始物质特别包括在分子中具有至少2个羟基(优选2至8个羟基)或者至少一个伯氨基的化合物。所使用的在分子中具有至少2个羟基(优选2至8个羟基)的起始物质优选包括三羟甲基丙烷、丙三醇、季戊四醇、糖化合物(例如葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和蔗糖)、多元酚、甲阶酚醛树脂(例如苯酚和甲醛的低聚缩合物),和由苯酚和甲醛以及二链烷醇胺衍生的曼尼希缩合物,以及三聚氰胺。
所使用的在分子中具有至少一个伯氨基的起始物质优选包括芳族二胺和/或多胺,例如苯二胺和4,4'-、2,4'-和2,2'-二氨基二苯基甲烷,以及脂族二胺和多胺,例如乙二胺。其他合适的化合物为乙醇胺和甲苯二胺。
聚醚醇的官能度优选为2-8,且其羟值优选为25mg KOH/g至800mg KOH/g,特别是150mg KOH/g至570mg KOH/g。
在本发明中,多元醇组合物(PZ)也可包含两种或更多种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物。
在本发明方法的优选实施方案中,多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种羟值为350-600且官能度为3.5-5.5的聚醚醇(P1)。
聚醚醇(P1)优选通过环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷(优选环氧丙烷)向H-官能起始物质上的加成反应来制备。优选使用的起始物质包括以上列出的糖,特别是蔗糖或山梨糖醇。糖通常在被称为共起始物的多数在室温下呈液态的二元醇或三元醇(例如丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、乙二醇、丙二醇)或水的存在下与环氧烷反应。通常使用的催化剂包括碱性化合物,优选氢氧化钾或胺。
基于组分b)的重量计,聚醚醇(P1)的优选使用量为35-55重量%。在此范围内达到特别好的粘附性,并且泡沫的脆性也会降低。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,组分b)包含至少一种聚醚醇(P2)。其为一种二元至三元的聚醚醇,其羟值为150-450mg KOH/g。所使用的化合物优选为丙三醇和/或三羟甲基丙烷作为起始物质,以及环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷(特别是环氧丙烷)作为环氧烷。基于组分b)的重量计,组分(P2)的用量优选为18-35重量%。在一个优选的变体中,聚醚醇(P2)是羟值为150-420mg KOH/g的三元聚醚醇。
在本发明方法的一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用的组分(P2)包含至少一种聚醚醇(P2a)和至少一种聚醚醇(P2b)。
聚醚醇(P2a)为三元的、优选三羟甲基丙烷起始的聚醚醇,其羟值为150-200mgKOH/g。
聚醚醇(P2b)为三元的、优选丙三醇起始的聚醚醇,其羟值为350-420mg KOH/g。
通过使用聚醚醇(P2),可以改善多元醇组分的相稳定性。
在具有至少两个对异氰酸酯呈反应性的氢原子的化合物中,还有任选伴随使用的扩链剂和交联剂。添加双官能扩链剂、官能度至少为3的交联剂或任选其混合物对于机械性能的改变会是有利的。所使用的扩链剂和/或交联剂优选包含链烷醇胺,特别是分子量低于400、优选为60-300的二醇和/或三醇。
使用的扩链剂、交联剂或其混合物的量有利地为1-20重量%,优选2-5重量%,基于多元醇组分计。
通常在发泡剂、催化剂和泡孔稳定剂,以及如必要其他助剂和/或添加剂(例如阻燃剂)的存在下,生产硬质泡沫。
使用的催化剂尤其包含大幅加速异氰酸酯基与对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的基团的反应的化合物。这样的催化剂例如为碱性胺,例如仲脂族胺、咪唑、脒、链烷醇胺、路易斯酸或有机金属化合物(特别是基于锡或铋的那些)。也可以使用由多种催化剂的混合物组成的催化剂体系。
所使用的异氰脲酸酯催化剂通常包含金属羧酸盐,特别是甲酸钾、辛酸钾或乙酸钾或它们的溶液。根据需要,催化剂可以单独使用或以任何期望的彼此混合物来使用。
本文中,可以使用的助剂和/或添加剂包括已知用于此目的的物质,例如表面活性物质、泡沫稳定剂、泡孔调节剂、填料、颜料、染料、抗氧化剂、水解稳定剂、抗静电剂、抑真菌剂和抑细菌剂。
关于用于实施本发明方法的起始物料、发泡剂、催化剂以及助剂和/或添加剂的进一步细节见于例如Kunststoffhandbuch[塑料手册],卷7,“聚氨酯”[聚氨酯]Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich,第1版,1966,第2版,1983,第3版,1993。
异氰酸酯类硬质泡沫通过使多异氰酸酯和具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物以如此的量反应来制备,使得在聚氨酯泡沫的情况下异氰酸酯指数为80-500,特别是90-400,更优选100-350,特别优选105-300,尤其优选110-200。
已经证明以下是特别有利的,即采用双组分方法并将具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物与发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂和阻燃剂以及催化剂和助剂和/或添加剂一起组合而得到所谓多元醇组分,并使其与多异氰酸酯或多异氰酸酯和任选发泡剂的混合物(也称为异氰酸酯组分)反应。
本发明的另一方面还提供通过如上所述的方法可获得或获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。因此,本发明还提供通过生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法可获得或获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,所述方法包括使以下物质反应:
a)至少一种多异氰酸酯,和
b)多元醇组合物(PZ),
其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
本发明进一步提供一种多元醇组合物(PZ),其至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
本发明还提供多元醇组合物(PZ)用于生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的用途,所述多元醇组合物(PZ)至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
本发明进一步提供如上所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料或用于制造绝热材料——优选绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机——的用途。
本发明还提供一种包含如上所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料的绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机。
本发明的方法实现了聚氨酯泡沫或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫、特别是完全或主要由水发泡的那些聚氨酯泡沫或聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫良好的粘附性。此外还获得了泡沫良好的机械性能,并且使多元醇组分的存放时间得到了改善。
本发明另外的实施方案见于权利要求和实施例。不言而喻的是,本发明的产品/方法/用途的上述特征和下文所述特征不仅可以所述的各种组合使用,而且可以其他组合使用,只要不超出本发明的范围。举例而言,本发明还隐含地包括优选特征与特别优选特征的组合,或未进一步描述的特征与特别优选的特征的组合等,即使所述组合并未被明确地提及。
以下列举本发明实施方案的实例,但其并不限制本发明。特别地,本发明还包括下文所述由从属关系产生的实施方案以及因此而得的组合。
1.一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使以下物质反应:
a)至少一种多异氰酸酯,和
b)多元醇组合物(PZ),
其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I),并且
其中在反应过程中使用至少一种发泡剂。
2.根据实施方案1的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含所述至少一种发泡剂。
3.根据实施方案1或2的方法,其中所述化合物(I)选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H或具有1-6个C原子的烷基部分;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分。
4.根据实施方案1至3中任一项的方法,其中所述化合物(I)选自丙二酸二酯。
5.根据实施方案1至4中任一项的方法,其中所述化合物(I)选自丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸二戊酯、丙二酸二己酯、丙二酸甲乙酯、丙二酸甲丙酯、丙二酸甲丁酯、丙二酸甲戊酯、丙二酸甲己酯、丙二酸乙丙酯、丙二酸乙丁酯、丙二酸乙戊酯、丙二酸乙己酯、丙二酸丙丁酯、丙二酸丙戊酯、丙二酸丙己酯、丙二酸丁戊酯、丙二酸丁己酯和丙二酸戊己酯。
6.根据实施方案1至5中任一项的方法,其中基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计,所使用的化合物(I)的量为0.5-10重量%。
7.根据实施方案1至6中任一项的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含至少一种脂肪酸或一种脂肪酸酯或其混合物。
8.根据实施方案1至6中任一项的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物(PZ)包含蓖麻油。
9.根据实施方案1至8中任一项的方法,其中所使用的发泡剂包含0.1-10重量%的量的水,基于所述多元醇组合物(PZ)的重量计。
10.通过根据实施方案1至9中任一项的方法可获得或获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
11.一种多元醇组合物(PZ),其至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
12.多元醇组合物(PZ)用于生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的用途,所述多元醇组合物(PZ)至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自具有2-18个碳原子的二羧酸的二羧酸二酯和具有3-18个碳原子的三羧酸的三羧酸三酯的化合物(I)。
13.根据实施方案10的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料或用于制造绝热材料——优选绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机——的用途。
14.绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机,其包含根据实施方案10的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料。
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但绝非限制本发明的主题。
实施例
1.测量方法:
1.1粘附力测量:
除非另有说明,聚氨酯泡沫对金属表面的粘附力是通过使用尺寸为200×200×80mm3的内衬有铝涂覆纸的盒模,在模具温度35℃下测量。将泡沫施用于涂覆铝的表面上。引入反应混合物后,合模,并且除非另有说明,7分钟后将试样脱模。然后使用刀片在试样涂覆铝的一侧朝向模具的基底侧切开相隔6cm的切口。除非另有说明,在脱模3分钟后即在总共10分钟后,借助于拉伸试验机测定粘附力,将经涂覆的纸通过导向辊以100mm/分钟的拉伸试验速度垂直于模具平面剥离,并测量为此目的所需的平均力。
1.2多元醇组分相稳定性的测定:
将多元醇组分的各成分与发泡剂充分混合,然后在超声波浴中除去纳入的气泡,并在室温下储存于密封的试管中。相稳定性为混合物可以在室温下储存而没有任何视觉上可辨别的组分浑浊或相分离的时期。
1.3硬质泡沫脆性的测定:
通过用拇指在泡沫的外围产生压痕(impression)而定性地测定脆性。在脆性泡沫中,即使轻微变形也是不可逆的。
1.4压缩强度的测定:
压缩强度根据DIN 53421/DIN EN ISO 604测定。
1.5尺寸稳定性的测定(高压釜):
在生产泡沫块1天后,取均匀分布在所述块的整个长度上的18个样品。试样的大致尺寸为5×5×4cm3。精确的体积通过浸入水浴中测定。然后将样品擦干并置于高压釜中于0.7巴的表压下10分钟。再次测定每个试样的体积,并由所有相对体积减小计算平均值。
1.6存放时间测试:
将多元醇组分在室温和/或45℃下储存6个月。在混合多元醇组分后直接制备泡沫样品,并在35℃或30℃模具温度下测定粘附力。六个月后,再次制备泡沫样品并进行测试。
2.起始材料
多元醇1:基于山梨糖醇和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,其OH值为490mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为23000mPas,官能度为5。
多元醇2:基于三羟甲基丙烷和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,其OH值为160mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为300mPas,官能度为3。
多元醇3:基于丙三醇、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,其OH值为160mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为250mPas,官能度为3。
多元醇4:基于丙三醇和环氧丙烷的聚醚醇,OH值为400mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为400mPas,官能度为3。
多元醇5:蓖麻油,OH值为约160mg KOH/g,在20℃下粘度为1000mPas,官能度为2.5。
多元醇6:基于邻苯二甲酸酐、油酸、二乙二醇和单乙二醇的聚酯醇,其OH值为210mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为2750mPas,官能度为1.75。
多元醇7:基于邻苯二甲酸酐、油酸、二乙二醇且基于聚醚醇的聚酯醇,所述聚醚醇基于三羟甲基丙烷和环氧乙烷,OH值为610mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为640mPas,官能度为3.0。该聚酯醇的OH值为250mgKOH/g,在25℃下粘度为1250mPas,官能度为2.22。
多元醇8:聚乙二醇,OH值为188mg KOH/g,在50℃下粘度为46mPas,官能度为2。
多元醇9:基于邻苯二甲酸、二乙二醇和单乙二醇的聚酯醇,OH值为240mg KOH/g,在25℃下粘度为7500mPas,官能度为2。
阻燃剂:三(2-氯异丙基)磷酸酯,磷含量为9.5%,在25℃下粘度为71mPas。
胺催化剂1:二甲基环己胺
发泡剂:甲酸,85%
催化剂1:甲酸钾,40%/单乙二醇
催化剂2:双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚,20%/二丙二醇
催化剂3:N-甲基双-2-二甲基氨基乙胺,26%/OH值为250mg KOH/g的聚乙二醇
3.实验的一般描述
3.1一般生产方案(手动发泡样本)
通过实验室搅拌器(Vollrath搅拌器),在1400转/分钟的搅拌速度和10秒钟的搅拌时间下,将多元醇组分与规定量的异氰酸酯组分充分混合于烧杯中,并使混合物在该烧杯中发泡。在此“烧杯试验”中测定的变量为乳化时间、纤维时间和完全上升时间、包封密度(envelope density)以及(必要时)脆性。
3.2实验的一般描述(机器实验)
由所述原材料来生产多元醇组分。借助于PU 30/80IQ高压Puromat(ElastogranGmbH)将多元醇组分与各自规定量的所述异氰酸酯以250g/s的输出速率混合。将反应混合物引入温度受控的尺寸为2000×200×50mm3(矩形(lance))的模具中并允许在其中发泡。预先使模具内衬有一侧涂覆铝的纸。将泡沫施用于涂覆铝的表面上,然后合模。
除非另有说明,将模具控制在45℃的温度,并且在限定时间之后将泡沫脱模。除非另有说明,过量填充(overpacking)为14.5%。除测量粘附力之外,在以下所有测量之前,除去经涂覆的纸。
(a)乳化时间和纤维时间以及自由芯材包封密度的测定:
将约1000g反应混合物注入PE袋(直径约30cm)中。乳化时间定义为从开始注入到反应混合物的体积开始膨胀之间的时间段。纤维时间为开始注入到可通过使用泡沫条而从反应混合物中抽出纤维的节点之间的时间段。泡沫硬化后(24小时后),从同一样品的中心切下五个尺寸为约60×60×60mm3的样品,以测定芯材的自由发泡包封密度。将其称重,并通过浸于水浴中而测定其体积。由这些变量计算芯材的自由包封密度,并记录平均值。
(b)最小填充密度的测定:
最小填充密度定义为刚好足以填充矩形模具的包封密度。其通过在矩形模具中产生填充模具的90%至95%的泡沫并推延至100%填充来测量。由最小填充密度和芯材的自由包封密度所计算的商被称为流动因子(flow factor)。
4.实施例
4.1根据3.1的一般生产方案,使表1a和1b中所列的多元醇组分与异氰酸酯1反应(异氰酸酯指数118)。
表2a整理了所得到的硬质泡沫的性能。测定粘附力的脱模时间为7分钟。再过3分钟后即总共10分钟后,测量粘附力。
表1a:多元醇组分的组成
表1b:多元醇组分的组成
表2a
实施例 | 粘附力,35℃[N] | 90天后的均匀性 |
1 | 9.58 | 良好 |
2 | 10.22 | 良好 |
3 | 7.73 | 良好 |
4 | 6.86 | 良好 |
5 | 6.43 | 良好 |
6 | 7.94 | 良好 |
7 | 10.10 | 良好 |
8 | 4.48 | 良好 |
9 | 6.55 | 良好 |
10 | 3.39 | 良好 |
11 | 5.13 | 良好 |
对实施例1、2、3、6和7测试存放时间。结果收集在表2b中。每种情况下测定粘附力的脱模时间均为7分钟。再过3分钟后即总共10分钟后,测量粘附力。
表2b
4.2在机器实验中,根据一般实验描述使表3中列出的多元醇组分与异氰酸酯1反应(异氰酸酯指数118,过量填充14.5%)。
表4收集了所得硬质泡沫的性能。每种情况下测定粘附力的脱模时间均为7分钟。再过3分钟后即总共10分钟后,测量粘附力。
表3:多元醇组分的组成
表4:机器实验
4.3在机器实验中,使表5中列出的多元醇组分与异氰酸酯1反应(异氰酸酯指数114,过量填充14.5%)。
表6收集了所得到的硬质泡沫的性能。
表5:多元醇组分的组成
化合物 | 实施例15 |
多元醇1 | 36.200 |
多元醇3 | 35.850 |
多元醇4 | 3.000 |
N,N-二甲基苄胺 | 1.500 |
稳定剂2 | 3.000 |
多元醇5 | 12.000 |
胺催化剂2 | 0.250 |
胺催化剂1 | 0.400 |
水 | 4.800 |
丙二酸二乙酯 | 3.000 |
表6:机器实验
实施例15 | |
乳化时间[s] | 16 |
凝胶时间[s] | 80 |
自由发泡包封密度[g/l] | 25.4 |
总体包封密度[g/l] | 39.04 |
压缩强度[N/mm<sup>2</sup>] | 0.168 |
尺寸稳定性[vol%] | -0.73 |
4.4根据3.1的一般生产方案,使表7中列出的多元醇组分与异氰酸酯2反应。
表8收集了所得硬质泡沫的性能。每种情况下测定粘附力的脱模时间为21分钟。再过3分钟后即总共24分钟后,测量粘附力。
表7:多元醇组分的组成
表8
4.5根据3.1的一般生产方案,使表9中列出的多元醇组分与异氰酸酯1反应。
表10收集了所得到的硬质泡沫的性能。测定粘附力的脱模时间为7分钟。再过3分钟后即总共10分钟后,测量粘附力。
表9:多元醇组分的组成
表10
5.收缩行为(室温(20℃)下在规定时间内的尺寸稳定性)
泡沫的收缩试验仅为纯粹的视觉评估。将发泡样品与比较体系(样品S-1,对应于原件)进行比较。包括比较样品S-1在内的所有样品均在同一天生产以确保可比性。在4周的时间内每2至3天对样品进行视觉检查。样品的收缩记录为多于、少于或等于原件的收缩,或根本没有收缩。
表11:有关收缩行为的试验
Claims (13)
1.一种生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的方法,其包括使以下物质反应:
a)至少一种多异氰酸酯,和
b)多元醇组合物PZ,
其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含至少一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯的化合物I:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分,并且
其中在反应过程中使用至少一种发泡剂;
其中水或以与其它物理或化学发泡剂成混合物的水用作发泡剂;
其中所述其它发泡剂选自丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和环丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷、环己烷、二甲醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基丁基醚、甲酸甲酯、丙酮、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烯和1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯;并且
在将水用作唯一发泡剂的限度内,其使用的量为1-10重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计;
在将水与其他发泡剂组合使用的限度内,则水使用的量为0.1-5.0重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含所述至少一种发泡剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的方法,其中所述化合物I选自丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二酸二丙酯、丙二酸二丁酯、丙二酸二戊酯、丙二酸二己酯、丙二酸甲乙酯、丙二酸甲丙酯、丙二酸甲丁酯、丙二酸甲戊酯、丙二酸甲己酯、丙二酸乙丙酯、丙二酸乙丁酯、丙二酸乙戊酯、丙二酸乙己酯、丙二酸丙丁酯、丙二酸丙戊酯、丙二酸丙己酯、丙二酸丁戊酯、丙二酸丁己酯和丙二酸戊己酯。
4.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的方法,其中基于所述多元醇组合物PZ的重量计,所使用的化合物I的量为0.5-10重量%。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中基于所述多元醇组合物PZ的重量计,所使用的化合物I的量为3-10重量%。
6.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含至少一种脂肪酸或一种脂肪酸酯或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求1或2中任一项的方法,其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含蓖麻油。
8.硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫,其通过根据权利要求1至7中任一项的方法获得。
9.一种多元醇组合物PZ,其至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯的化合物I:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分;
其中基于所述多元醇组合物PZ的重量计,所使用的化合物I的量为3-10重量%;
其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含至少一种发泡剂,并且水或以与其它物理或化学发泡剂成混合物的水用作发泡剂;
其中所述其它发泡剂选自丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和环丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷、环己烷、二甲醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基丁基醚、甲酸甲酯、丙酮、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烯和1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯;并且
在将水用作唯一发泡剂的限度内,其使用的量为1-10重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计;
在将水与其他发泡剂组合使用的限度内,则水使用的量为0.1-5.0重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计。
10.多元醇组合物PZ用于生产硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的用途,所述多元醇组合物PZ至少包含一种具有至少两个对异氰酸酯基呈反应性的氢原子的化合物和至少一种选自如下通式的二羧酸二酯的化合物I:
其中R1和R2彼此独立地为H;并且
R3和R4彼此独立地为具有1-18个C原子的烷基部分;
其中基于所述多元醇组合物PZ的重量计,所使用的化合物I的量为3-10重量%;
其中所述多元醇组合物PZ包含至少一种发泡剂,并且水或以与其它物理或化学发泡剂成混合物的水用作发泡剂;
其中所述其它发泡剂选自丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷和环丁烷、正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷、环己烷、二甲醚、甲基乙基醚、甲基丁基醚、甲酸甲酯、丙酮、1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烯、1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟丁烯和1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯;并且
在将水用作唯一发泡剂的限度内,其使用的量为1-10重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计;
在将水与其他发泡剂组合使用的限度内,则水使用的量为0.1-5.0重量%,基于多元醇组合物PZ的重量计。
11.根据权利要求8的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料的用途,所述绝热材料为绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机。
12.根据权利要求8的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫用于制造绝热材料的用途,所述绝热材料为绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机。
13.绝热板、夹层元件、热水箱、锅炉、冷却器、绝热泡沫、制冷器或冷冻机,其包含权利要求8的硬质聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为绝热材料。
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CN114829436A (zh) | 2019-12-24 | 2022-07-29 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 用于形成具有空气渗透率的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的组合物和硬质聚氨酯泡沫 |
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IL256353A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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CA2988878A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
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DK3310835T3 (da) | 2022-12-05 |
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PT3310835T (pt) | 2022-09-20 |
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EA201890076A1 (ru) | 2018-07-31 |
CA2988878C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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