CN107897218B - Insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and application - Google Patents
Insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention specifically discloses an insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and application thereof, wherein the insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid solution is obtained by fermenting egg, cooked soybean and chicken viscera at 25-35 deg.C for 7-8 days to obtain filtered supernatant; preparing nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water according to the proportion of 3:1: 16; by spraying the attractant on the date flowers in the flowering period, the proportion of the fly type flower-visiting insects in the total number of the flower-visiting insects is averagely increased by 5-8 percent. The application of the attractant has obvious trapping effect on flies and bees, increases the number of flower-visiting insects and the flower-visiting frequency in unit time, and improves the pollination and fertilization probability of the jujube flowers. When 100 times and 200 times of attractant is sprayed, the single plant yield of the jujube trees is respectively improved by 56.94 percent and 35.08 percent, the single plant yield of the prune is respectively improved by 36.36 percent and 25.38 percent, and the single plant yield of the almond trees is respectively improved by 48.11 percent and 44.30 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant leaf fertilizers, in particular to an insect attractant for improving pollination and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and the technical field of application thereof.
Background
The red dates have high nutritional value and medicinal value, are deeply favored by domestic consumers, have larger and larger consumption, and become a large number of fruit trees with the area equivalent to that of apples and oranges and the first yield of dried fruits. In recent years, the yield is rapidly improved, the market is continuously expanded, and the demand on red dates is more and more increased. The red date trees have strong drought resistance and waterlogging resistance, but the flowering phase requires high air humidity, otherwise the fruits are not pollinated and set, especially the flowering phase in Xinjiang area has low humidity, large temperature change and hot and dry midday climate, the germination of the date pollen can be inhibited, the stigma of the date flower is easy to wither and fall off, the pollen germination and pollination fertilization effects are influenced, the fruit setting of the red date trees is extremely unfavorable, and the yield is too low. Therefore, the date garden utilizes the characteristic that the date trees belong to insect pollination and depend on insect pollination, honeybees in the date garden are stocked, a large amount of honeybee pollination media are provided in time, pollination and fertilization of the date flowers are promoted, the fruit setting rate of the date trees is improved, and the harvest degree is improved. However, the cultivation area of the Xinjiang red dates reaches 743 million mu, the scale is huge, and the Xinjiang red dates are mostly distributed at the edge of desert oasis of the ring Tarim basin. Because the varieties of the honey-source plants are few, the varieties and the quantity of wild bees in the farming area and the quantity of artificially-bred bees are very limited, the requirements of millions of mu of jujube trees on pollination insects are difficult to guarantee, the overall average yield per unit of Xinjiang red jujubes is low, and a new pollination insect is urgently needed to serve as a pollination medium of jujube flowers.
In the prior art, honeybees in a date garden are mostly put in a stocking mode to improve the pollination and pollination probability of date trees, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, the honeybees are mistaken to be main media of pollination, but recent research shows that: the jujube flower part is characterized by small flower, simple structure, yellow green, fragrant flower honey exposed in a honey tray, 0.94 mu L of single flower honey bleeding amount and 38% of sugar content, and accords with fly pollination syndrome. And researches have proved that the largest number of insects for flower visit of Xinjiang red dates are house flies, then blowflies, aphid-eating flies, and Italian bees and ants, and flies are the main pollination insects of the red dates. Therefore, the field observation investigation of the jujube tree flower-visiting insects is specially carried out on the jujube garden of the fruit observation test station of the department of agriculture in Xinjiang leaf city in the flowering phase of the jujube tree, and the result shows that: firstly, the main flower-visiting insects of the jujube flower mainly comprise flies, bees and ants; secondly, flies are main flower-visiting insects, and the number of the visible flower-visiting colonies of a single plant is far larger than that of bees; and thirdly, compared with the bees, the flies have short staying time, short staying time of a single flower, large flower visiting amount in unit time and high flower visiting efficiency. This observation is consistent with the previous study: flies are the main pollinating insects of the jujube flowers.
Accordingly, an attractant capable of attracting flies to pollinate and fertilize the flowering phase of a jujube garden so as to improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical current situation that flies are the main pollination insects of jujube flowers in the prior art and the method for obtaining the fruit setting rate of the jujube trees by stocking bees in a Xinjiang jujube orchard improves the pollination and pollination probability of the jujube flowers, so that the demand of millions of mu of jujube trees on the pollination insects can not be met. The invention aims to provide an insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees and application thereof, which increase the number and frequency of fly flower-visiting insects in unit time and improve the probability of pollination and fertilization of jujube flowers, thereby improving the fruit setting rate of jujube trees and meeting the requirements of millions of mu jujube trees in Xinjiang on pollination insects.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an insect attractant which comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; the nutrient solution contains Mel, putrescine, spermidine, salicylic acid, gibberellin and urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is prepared by fermenting egg, soybean and chicken viscera; putrescine, spermidine, gibberellin, salicylic acid and urea contained in the nutrient solution are necessary nutrient substances and phytohormones in the flowering phase of the jujube tree; by spraying the attractant on the jujube flowers, the number and frequency of flower-visiting insects in unit time are increased by attracting and collecting fly-type flower-visiting insects, the pollination and fertilization probability of the jujube flowers is improved, and meanwhile, the fruit setting rate of jujube trees can be promoted, so that the yield of jujube gardens is improved.
Specifically, the invention provides an insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees, which comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; preparing nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water in the attractant according to the weight ratio of 3:1: 16; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is obtained by fermenting and filtering eggs, cooked soybeans and chicken viscera.
In the invention, the preferable mixture ratio of the nutrient solution in the attractant is 32.97% of honey, 0.05% of putrescine, 0.05% of spermidine, 0.7% of salicylic acid, 0.3% of gibberellin and 65.93% of urea.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a preparation method of the animal and plant humus solution, which is prepared by fermenting 1 part of egg, 1 part of cooked soybean, 1 part of chicken viscera and 3 parts of water for 7-8 days according to the weight part ratio, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, preferably 30 ℃, and filtering and taking supernatant fluid.
Further, the invention provides application of the attractant in improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees, wherein the mixed nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting liquid are diluted by 100-fold and 200-fold according to the weight ratio, the nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting liquid are sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the spraying time is 3-5 days at an interval, and the spraying is carried out after insects start to move after 8-10 am.
Meanwhile, the invention provides an insect attractant for improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the prune, wherein the insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is obtained by fermenting and filtering eggs, cooked soybeans and chicken viscera; nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1: 16.
According to the invention, the preparation of the animal and plant humus solution of the insect attractant for improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the prune is prepared by fermenting 1 part of eggs, 1 part of cooked soybeans, 1 part of chicken viscera and 3 parts of water for 7-8 days at the fermentation temperature of 25-35 ℃ and filtering supernatant fluid.
Meanwhile, the attractant is applied to improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the prune, the mixed nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting liquid are diluted by 100-fold according to the weight proportion, the nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting liquid are sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the prune, the spraying time is 3-5 days at an interval, and the insect starts to move after 8-10 am.
Further, the invention provides an insect attractant for improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the almond tree, wherein the insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is obtained by fermenting and filtering eggs, cooked soybeans and chicken viscera; nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1: 16.
According to the invention, the preparation of the animal and plant humic acid solution of the insect attractant for improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the almond tree is prepared by fermenting 1 part of eggs, 1 part of cooked soybeans and 1 part of chicken viscera for 7-8 days at the fermentation temperature of 25-35 ℃ and filtering and taking supernatant fluid.
Meanwhile, the invention provides the application of the attractant in improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of almond trees, wherein the mixed nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting solution are diluted by 100-fold according to the weight ratio, and are sprayed for 3 times in the flowering period of the almond trees, wherein the spraying time is carried out after insects start to move after 8-10 am every 3-5 days.
By implementing the technical scheme of the invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:
(1) by implementing the insect attractant provided by the invention, the total number of the flower-visiting insects is respectively 2.15 times and 1.86 times of the contrast after the attractant is sprayed in the flowering phase of the jujube tree, the attractant has trapping effect on flies and bees, the number of the flower-visiting insects and the flower-visiting frequency in unit time of the jujube flower are increased after the attractant is sprayed, the pollination and fertilization probability of the jujube flower is improved, and the fruit setting rate of the jujube tree is improved. The proportion of the fly type flower-visiting insects in the total number of the flower-visiting insects is improved by 5-8 percent compared with the average comparison, namely the trapping effect of the attractant on the fly type insects is more obvious.
(2) By implementing the insect attractant provided by the invention, after jujube flowers are treated by the attractant, the fruit setting rate and the single-plant yield of jujube trees are obviously higher than those of jujube trees treated by non-attractant, the average fruit number of each jujube hanging of 100 times of jujube trees sprayed by the attractant and 200 times of jujube trees sprayed by the attractant is 3.2 times and 2.5 times of those of jujube trees treated by non-attractant, and the single-plant yield is respectively 56.94% and 35.08% higher than that of jujube trees treated by non-attractant; but the difference between the 100-fold and 200-fold attractants did not reach a significant level. Namely, 100 to 200 times of the attractant for the jujube flower-visiting insect is sprayed, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the red dates can be obviously improved.
(3) By implementing the insect attractant provided by the invention, the yield of jun jujubes can be improved by singly spraying spermidine and putrescine, wherein the effect of spraying putrescine is better than that of spraying other components, and the jun jujubes treated by 10-3mol/L of putrescine have the highest yield which is 54.8 percent higher than that of jujube trees which are not sprayed with attractant components.
(4) By implementing the insect attractant provided by the invention, after the plum blossom is treated by the attractant, the single-plant yield of the plum blossom is obviously higher than that of the plum blossom treated by the non-attractant, and the average single-plant yields of the plum blossom sprayed by 100 times of the attractant and 200 times of the attractant are respectively 36.36 percent and 25.38 percent higher than that of the plum blossom treated by the non-attractant; but the difference between the 100-fold and 200-fold attractants did not reach a significant level. The insect attractant is sprayed by 100-200 times, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the prune can be obviously improved.
(5) By implementing the insect attractant provided by the invention, after the amygdalus persica flowers are treated by the attractant, the fruit setting rate and the single-plant yield of the amygdalus persica trees are obviously higher than those of the amygdalus persica trees treated by the non-attractant, and the average single-plant yield of the amygdalus persica trees sprayed by 100 times of the attractant and 200 times of the attractant is respectively 48.11% and 44.30% higher than that of the amygdalus persica trees treated by the non-attractant; but the difference between the 100-fold and 200-fold attractants did not reach a significant level. The insect attractant is sprayed by 100-200 times, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the almond trees can be obviously improved.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows a graph of the response of honey and putrescine to the efficacy of jujube tree flies as an insect interviewer.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing response curves of honey and spermidine evaluated for effectiveness against the date tree fly species of flowering insects.
Figure 3 shows a graph of the response of honey and salicylic acid to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the date tree fly test insects.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the response of honey and gibberellins to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the jujube tree flies against flowering insects.
Figure 5 shows a graph of the response of honey and urea to the evaluation of the effectiveness of jujube tree flies against flowering insects.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing response curves of honey and fermentation temperature for evaluation of the effectiveness of jujube tree flies as a flower-attracting insect.
Fig. 7 shows a graph of response surface evaluation of putrescine and spermidine to the efficacy of flowering insects of the jujube tree fly species.
Fig. 8 shows a graph of response curves for the evaluation of the efficacy of putrescine and salicylic acid against flowering insects of the species zalepis.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the response curves of putrescine and gibberellin to the efficacy of Zaocys spp.
Fig. 10 shows a graph of response curves for the evaluation of the efficacy of putrescine and urea against a date tree fly species of flowering insect.
Fig. 11 shows a graph of response surface evaluation of putrescine and fermentation temperature against the efficacy of date tree fly species flower-visiting insects.
Figure 12 shows a graph of the response of spermidine and salicylic acid to the efficacy of the date tree fly species of flowering insects.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the response of spermidine and gibberellin to the efficacy of Zaocys codactyla insects that visited flowers.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the response of spermidine and urea to the efficacy of the Zaocys daemophilus species of flowering insects.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the response of spermidine and fermentation temperature to the efficacy of the date tree fly species of flowering insects.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the response of salicylic acid and gibberellins to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the date tree fly species of flowering insects.
Figure 17 shows a graph of the response of salicylic acid and urea to the efficacy of a date tree fly test insect.
Figure 18 shows a graph of response of salicylic acid and fermentation temperature to the efficacy of jujube tree flies visiting flowering insects.
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the response of gibberellin and urea to the efficacy of jujube tree flies visiting flowering insects.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing response curves for gibberellin and fermentation temperature evaluation on the effectiveness of jujube tree flies as a flower-visiting insect.
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the response of urea and fermentation temperature to the efficacy of jujube tree flies as a test insect.
Figure 22 shows a graphical representation of the trapping effect of different attractant concentration treatments on jujube tree flower-accessing insects.
FIG. 23 shows the effect of different attractant concentration treatments on jujube fruit set rate and yield per plant.
Detailed Description
The nutrient solution of the invention adopts honey, putrescine, spermidine, salicylic acid, gibberellin, urea and eggs, cooked soybeans, chicken viscera and the like which are adopted by animal and plant humus solution and can be purchased through public channels.
The raw materials and instruments used for the nutrient solution and the animal and plant humus solution in the present invention are well known in the art, but the present invention is not limited to the practice of the present invention, and other raw materials well known in the art may be applied to the practice of the following embodiments of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: insect attractant provided by invention sprayed in full-bloom stage of Kaishi jun jujubes
The insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution contains 27.56kg of honey, 0.01kg of putrescine, 0.01kg of spermidine, 0.1kg of salicylic acid, 0.1kg of gibberellin and 60.36kg of urea; the animal and plant saprophytic liquid is prepared by fermenting ovum gallus Domesticus, cooked semen glycines, and chicken viscera for 7-8 days, and filtering to obtain supernatant; nutrient solution, animal and plant humic acid solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1:16, then diluted by 200 times according to the weight ratio, sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the spraying is carried out 3-5 days at intervals each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am. Experiments prove that a large amount of fly pollination insects are induced to pollinate in the flowering phase of the Kaishi jun jujube trees by spraying the attractant, the single-plant yield of the Kaishi jun jujube trees is superior to that of the Kaishi jun jujube trees which are not sprayed with the attractant, and the fruit setting rate of the Kaishi jun jujube trees is improved.
Example two: the insect attractant provided by the invention is sprayed in the full-bloom stage of Hetian jade jujube
The insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution contains 38.38kg of honey, 0.09kg of putrescine, 0.09kg of spermidine, 1.3kg of salicylic acid, 0.5kg of gibberellin and 71.5kg of urea; the animal and plant saprophytic liquid is prepared by fermenting ovum gallus Domesticus, cooked semen glycines, and chicken viscera for 7-8 days, and filtering to obtain supernatant; nutrient solution, animal and plant humic acid solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1:16, then diluted by 200 times according to the weight ratio, sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the spraying is carried out 3-5 days at intervals each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am. Experiments prove that a large amount of fly pollination insects are induced to pollinate in the flowering phase of the Hetian jade jujube tree by spraying the attractant, the single-plant yield of the Hetian jade jujube tree is superior to that of the Hetian jade jujube tree which is not sprayed with the attractant, and the fruit setting rate of the Hetian jade jujube tree is remarkably improved.
Example three: insect attractant provided by the invention and sprayed in full-bloom stage of Qiang Hui jujube
The insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution contains 30.23kg of honey, 0.03kg of putrescine, 0.03kg of spermidine, 0.5% of salicylic acid, 0.2kg of gibberellin and 63.24kg of urea; the animal and plant saprophytic liquid is prepared by fermenting ovum gallus Domesticus, cooked semen glycines, and chicken viscera for 7-8 days, and filtering to obtain supernatant; nutrient solution, animal and plant humic acid solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1:16, then diluted by 200 times according to the weight ratio, sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the spraying is carried out 3-5 days at intervals each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am. Experiments prove that a large number of fly pollination insects are induced to pollinate in the flowering phase of the Qiang Hui jujube trees by spraying the attractant disclosed by the invention, the single-plant yield of the Qiang Hui jujube trees is superior to that of the Qiang Hui jujube trees which are not sprayed with the attractant, and the fruit setting rate of the Qiang Hui jujube trees is obviously improved.
Example four: insect attractant provided by the invention and sprayed in full-bloom stage of Hami Chinese dates
The insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution contains 35.71kg of honey, 0.07kg of putrescine, 0.07kg of spermidine, 0.9kg of salicylic acid, 0.4kg of gibberellin and 68.62kg of urea; the animal and plant saprophytic liquid is prepared by fermenting ovum gallus Domesticus, cooked semen glycines, and chicken viscera for 7-8 days, and filtering to obtain supernatant; nutrient solution, animal and plant humic acid solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1:16, then diluted by 200 times according to the weight ratio, sprayed for 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the spraying is carried out 3-5 days at intervals each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am. Experiments prove that a large amount of fly pollination insects are induced to pollinate in the flowering phase of the Hami jujube tree by spraying the attractant, the single-plant yield of the Hami jujube tree is superior to that of the Hami jujube tree which is not sprayed with the attractant, and the fruit setting rate of the Hami jujube tree is remarkably improved.
Example five: the insect attractant provided by the invention is sprayed in the full-bloom stage of Aksu ash jujube
The insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus solution; the nutrient solution contains 32.97kg of honey, 0.05kg of putrescine, 0.05kg of spermidine, 0.7kg of salicylic acid, 0.3kg of gibberellin and 65.93kg of urea; the animal and plant saprophytic liquid is prepared by fermenting ovum gallus Domesticus, cooked semen glycines, and chicken viscera for 7-8 days, and filtering to obtain supernatant; nutrient solution, animal and plant humic acid solution and water in the attractant are prepared according to the weight ratio of 3:1:16, then diluted by 200 times according to the weight ratio, sprayed for 3 times in the full-bloom period of the jujube trees, the spraying is carried out 3-5 days at intervals each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am. Experiments prove that a large amount of fly pollination insects are induced to pollinate in the flowering phase of the Aksu ash jujube tree by spraying the attractant, the single-plant yield of the Aksu ash jujube tree is superior to that of the Aksu ash jujube tree which is not sprayed with the attractant, the fruit setting rate of the Aksu ash jujube tree is remarkably improved, and the single-plant yield is 54.96% higher than that of the jujube tree processed by non-attractant.
Example six: preparation of animal and plant saprophytic liquid
Preparing the animal and plant humic acid liquid by fermenting 1 part of egg, 1 part of cooked soybean, 1 part of chicken viscera and 3 parts of water for 7-8 days at the fermentation temperature of 25-35 ℃ and filtering supernatant fluid.
Through the implementation of the first to fifth embodiments of the invention, flies and bees can be attracted to the flower-visiting insects in the flowering phase of the jujube tree, and the flower-visiting frequency of the flower-visiting insects is improved, so that the pollination fertilization probability of the jujube tree is improved, and the fruit setting rate of the jujube tree is improved.
Example seven: evaluation of effectiveness of attractant under different preparation conditions on jujube tree fly flower-visiting insects
The effectiveness of the attractants of the first to fifth embodiments of the above examples against the flower-accessing insects of the class Ziziphus juba is evaluated, and the criteria are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: efficacy scoring criteria (score 50)
Note that the total score is the sum of scores of all indexes
The attractant formula is optimized by a response surface method, and the test factors and levels are shown in a table 2:
table 2: response surface test factors and horizon table
Table 3: response surface test design and results
Response surface test design and results:
the experimental design analysis was performed according to the Box-Benhnken center combinatorial design principle, and the results are shown in Table 3. The experimental data of table 3 were fitted by Design expert8.0.6 using a multivariate fitting method to obtain a quadratic polynomial regression model of efficacy score R, honey (a), putrescine (B), spermidine (C), salicylic acid (D), gibberellin (E), urea (F) and fermentation temperature (G):
R＝46.50-0.042A+0.17C+0.083D+0.042F+0.29G+0.13AB-0.38AC+0.63AD-0.13AE-0.13AF+0.12AG-0.13BD+0.38BE-0.25BF+0.38BG-0.13CD-0.13CE-0.12CG-0.25DE+0.25DF+0.13DG-0.25EF+0.38EG+0.13FG-1.54A2-1.73B2-1.73C2-1.85D2-1.60E2-1.79F2-1.79G2。
the interaction of the factors in the response surface analysis is described in detail with reference to figures 1 to 21. According to the results of the single-factor test, the attractant prepared from the raw materials in different proportions can improve the flower visiting frequency of the jujube flower visiting insects, improve the pollination rate of jujube flowers, further improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees, and the important process parameters of the attractant obtained by the response surface test are as follows: 27.56kg to 38.38kg of honey, 0.01kg to 0.09kg of putrescine, 0.01kg to 0.09kg of spermidine, 0.1kg to 1.3kg of salicylic acid, 0.1kg to 0.5kg of gibberellin, 60.36kg to 71.5kg of urea and the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃ to 35 ℃; preferably 32.97kg of honey, 0.05kg of putrescine, 0.05kg of spermidine, 0.7kg of salicylic acid, 0.3kg of gibberellin, 65.93kg of urea and 30 ℃ of fermentation temperature.
Example eight: test of spraying effect of attractant for flower-visiting insect of jujube tree
The test is carried out in a jujube garden at a fruit tree test station of the leaf city of agriculture. In the test, 6-year-old jun jujubes are selected as study objects, and are randomly treated in blocks, 6 jujube trees are planted in each cell, and the three times of treatment are repeated. Two attractant concentration gradients of 100 times and 200 times are set in the test, and clear water spraying is used as a control. Spraying the whole jujube trees in the full bloom stage of the jujube trees in the early morning of 17 th 6 th month in 2017, and investigating the quantity and the types of flower-visiting insects at 12 noon, 12 noon and 12 noon in the next day and 3 rd day after spraying; adopting a sample ground net catching method to sweep and catch insects staying on the jujube flowers or having flower visiting behaviors, sweeping for 100 times for each tree, and recording the number and types of caught individuals; and 7, investigating the fruit setting rate of the jujube trees in 27 days in 7 months, namely the real number of each hanging fruit. And measuring the yield in 25 days after 9 months. The test results are as follows:
table 4: influence of spraying attractant with different concentrations on species and quantity of flower-visiting insects of jujube
According to the test results shown in the table 4 and the attached figure 22, 100-200 times of the attractant can obviously attract the gathering of the flower-visiting insects on the jujube trees when being sprayed in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, and the total number of the flower-visiting insects captured within three days after being sprayed is respectively 2.15 times and 1.86 times of that of the control, so that the effect of attracting flies and bees is achieved when the attractant is sprayed; from the change of the ratio of the flower-attracting insects to the bees, the proportion of the flower-attracting insects in the total number of the flower-attracting insects of the flies is averagely increased by 5-8% after the attractant is sprayed on the jujube trees, which shows that the attracting effect of the attractant on the fly-attracting insects is more obvious.
Example nine: influence of attractant concentration treatment on fruit setting rate and single plant yield of jujube trees
Table 5: jujube fruit setting rate and single plant yield under different attractant concentration treatment
| Treatment of | Number of fruits per crane | Yield per plant (kg) |
| CK | 1.37 | 4.39 |
| |
3.43 | 5.93 |
| |
4.37 | 6.89 |
Note that CK is a control group
As can be seen from table 5 and fig. 23, the fruit setting rate and the single plant yield of the jujube trees sprayed and treated by the attractant are significantly higher than those of the control, the average fruit number of each jujube tree in the treatment 2(100 times) and the treatment 1(200 times) is 3.2 times and 2.5 times of those of the control, and the single plant yield is 56.94% and 35.08% higher than that of the control respectively; but the difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2 did not reach a significant level. The attractant for the jujube flower-visiting insect is sprayed by 100-200 times, so that the fruit setting rate and the yield of the red jujube can be obviously improved.
Example ten: single-component spraying test of main component of flower-visiting insect attractant
In order to find out the optimal concentration and effect of each raw material to be adopted in the attractant for independent use so as to ensure the scientificity and the using effect of the attractant formula, spraying comparison tests with different concentrations are respectively carried out on the main raw materials to be adopted in the attractant. The test is carried out in a jujube garden at a fruit tree test station of the leaf city of the agricultural department. Selecting 6-year-old jun dates as research objects, and randomly performing block treatment, wherein each raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3 different concentration gradients of the animal and plant humus, the Spd spermidine and the Put putrescine are set, a concentration treatment of Spd + Put is set at the same time, clear water spraying is used as a control, 4 jujube trees are planted in each cell, and the three treatments are repeated. Spraying the whole jujube tree in the full-bloom stage of the jujube tree in the early morning of 15 months at 6 months, investigating the fruit setting rate of the jujube tree in 28 days at 7 months, namely, the fruit number per hanging and measuring yield in 27 days at 9 months. The test results are as follows:
table 6: jujube fruit setting rate under treatment of animal and plant humus solution, spermidine and putrescine with different concentrations
Note that CK is a control group
The results show that the yield of jun jujubes can be improved by independently spraying Spd and Put, wherein the effect of spraying Put is better than that of spraying other components, and the yield of jun jujubes treated by Put10-3mol/L is the highest and is 54.8% higher than that of a control.
The insect attractant provided by the above method is applied to the prune and almond trees to improve the pollination rate and fruit setting rate of the prune and almond trees, and is verified by experimental spraying of the prune and almond trees, a large amount of fly and bee pollination insects are induced and collected in the flowering period of the prune and almond trees for pollination, the corresponding single-plant yield of the insect attractant is superior to that of the prune and almond trees which are not sprayed with the insect attractant, and the pollination rate and fruit setting rate of the prune and almond trees are improved.
Example eleven: spraying effect test of insect attractant for plum blossom
The test was carried out in the prune orchard of the test station of the fruit trees in the city of the department of agriculture. In the experiment, 6-year-old prunes are selected as study objects, and are randomly grouped, 6 prune trees are selected in each cell, and the three operations are repeated. Two attractant concentration gradients of 100 times and 200 times are set in the test, and clear water spraying is used as a control. Spraying the whole tree in early morning of plum blossom season of 4-10 months in 2017, and investigating the quantity and types of flowering insects at 12 noon, 12 noon and 12 noon in the next day and 3 noon at 12 pm after spraying; adopting a sample ground net catching method to sweep and catch insects staying on or visiting flowers of the prune, sweeping for 100 times for each tree, and recording the number and types of caught insects; the fruit setting rate of the prune trees is investigated in 5-month and 12-day, and the yield is measured in 8-month and 10-day. The test results are as follows:
table 7: influence of spraying attractant with different concentrations on species and quantity of prune flower-visiting insects
According to the test results shown in the table 7, 100-200 times of the attractant is sprayed in the flowering phase of the prune trees, the attractant can obviously attract the gathering of the flower-visiting insects on the prune trees, the total number of the flower-visiting insects captured in three days after spraying is respectively 2.32-times and 1.93-times of the control, the effect of attracting flies and bees is achieved by spraying the attractant, the proportion of the fly-visiting insects in the total number of the flower-visiting insects is averagely improved by 8-9 percentage points from the change of the proportion of the flower-visiting flies and the bees, and the effect of attracting the attractant on the fly-visiting insects is more obvious.
Example twelve: effect of attractant concentration treatment on prune single plant yield:
table 8: single plant yield of prune under treatment of different attractant concentrations
| Treatment of | Yield per plant (kg) |
| CK | 18.56 |
| |
23.27 |
| |
25.31 |
Note that CK is a control group
As can be seen from table 8, the fruit setting rate and the single plant yield of the prune trees sprayed with the attractant are significantly higher than those of the control, and the single plant yields of the prune trees treated by 2(100 times) and 1(200 times) are respectively 36.36% and 25.38% higher than those of the control; but the difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2 did not reach a significant level. The insect attractant is sprayed by 100-200 times, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the prune can be obviously improved.
Example thirteen: spraying effect test of attractant for flower-visiting insects of almond trees
The test is carried out in a almond garden of a test station of fruit trees in the leaf city of agriculture. In the experiment, 9-year-old amygdalus communis is selected as a research object, and the amygdalus communis is randomly treated in a block mode, 6 amygdalus communis trees are planted in each cell, and the process is repeated for three times. Two attractant concentration gradients of 100 times and 200 times are set in the test, and clear water spraying is used as a control. Spraying the whole tree in 24 early morning of 2017 in 3-month, 12 noon and 12 noon of the next day, and investigating and visiting the quantity and types of flowering insects at 12 noon of the day after spraying; adopting a sample ground net catching method to sweep net and catch insects staying on the almond flowers or having flower visiting behaviors, sweeping net for 100 times for each tree, and recording the number and the types of the caught insects; the fruit set rate of the almond tree was investigated at 5 months and 13 days. And measuring the yield in 8 months and 15 days. The test results are as follows:
table 9: influence of spraying attractant with different concentrations on species and quantity of almond flower-visiting insects
According to the test results shown in the table 9, 100-200 times of the attractant can obviously attract the aggregation of the flower-visiting insects on the almond tree when being sprayed in the flowering phase of the almond tree, the total number of the flower-visiting insects captured in three days after the spraying is respectively 3.28-times and 2.99-times of the contrast, the fact that the spraying of the attractant has the trapping effect on flies and bees is proved, and the proportion of the fly-visiting insects in the total number of the flower-visiting insects after the attractant is sprayed on the almond tree is averagely improved by 44-48 percentage points from the change of the proportion of the flower-visiting insects to the bee-visiting insects, and the fact that the trapping effect of the attractant on the fly-visiting insects is more obvious is proved.
Example fourteen: influence of attractant concentration treatment on fruit setting rate and yield per plant of almond:
table 10: fruit setting rate and single plant yield of almond under treatment of different attractant concentrations
| Treatment of | Percentage of fruit set (%) | Single plant yield (kg dry fruit) |
| CK | 3.67 | 2.12 |
| |
7.11 | 3.06 |
| |
8.46 | 3.44 |
Note that CK is a control group
As can be seen from table 10, the fruit setting rate and the single plant yield of the almond tree treated by spraying the attractant are significantly higher than those of the control, the average fruit setting rate of the almond tree treated by 2(100 times) and 1(200 times) is 2.3 times and 1.94 times that of the control, and the single plant yield is 48.11% and 44.30% higher than that of the control respectively; but the difference between treatment 1 and treatment 2 did not reach a significant level. The insect attractant is sprayed by 100-200 times, and the fruit setting rate and the yield of the almond can be obviously improved.
The insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of the jujube trees, provided by the invention, can increase the number and frequency of flower-visiting insects in unit time of jujube flowers, prunes or flat peach trees, and improve the probability of flower pollination and fertilization, so that the fruit setting rate is improved, and the requirements of large-area jujube trees, prunes and almonds planted in Xinjiang on pollination insects are met.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably implemented, and the above-mentioned embodiments only describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of jujube trees or prunes is characterized in that the insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is obtained by fermenting and filtering eggs, cooked soybeans and chicken viscera; preparing nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water in the attractant according to the weight ratio of 3:1: 16; the preparation method of the animal and plant humic acid liquid comprises the steps of fermenting 1 part of eggs, 1 part of cooked soybeans, 1 part of chicken viscera and 3 parts of water for 7-8 days at the fermentation temperature of 25-35 ℃, and filtering and taking supernatant fluid to prepare the animal and plant humic acid liquid.
2. The application of the insect attractant in improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the jujube trees or the prunes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting solution are diluted by 100-fold according to the weight ratio, the spraying is carried out 3 times in the flowering phase of the jujube trees, the interval is 3-5 days each time, and the spraying is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am.
3. An insect attractant for improving pollination rate and fruit setting rate of almond trees is characterized in that the insect attractant comprises nutrient solution and animal and plant humus; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 27.56 to 38.38 percent of honey, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of putrescine, 0.01 to 0.09 percent of spermidine, 0.1 to 1.3 percent of salicylic acid, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of gibberellin and 60.36 to 71.5 percent of urea; the animal and plant humic acid liquid is obtained by fermenting and filtering eggs, cooked soybeans and chicken viscera; preparing nutrient solution, animal and plant humus solution and water in the attractant according to the weight ratio of 3:1: 16; the preparation method of the animal and plant humic acid liquid comprises the steps of fermenting 1 part of eggs, 1 part of cooked soybeans and 1 part of chicken viscera for 7-8 days at the fermentation temperature of 25-35 ℃, and filtering and taking supernatant fluid to obtain the animal and plant humic acid liquid.
4. The application of the insect attractant in improving the pollination rate and the fruit setting rate of the almond trees as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mixed nutrient solution and the animal and plant rotting solution are diluted by 100-fold and 200-fold according to the weight ratio, and are sprayed for 3 times in the flowering period of the almond trees, wherein the spraying time is 3-5 days every time, and the spraying time is carried out after the insects start to move after 8-10 am.
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| CN110742086B (en) * | 2019-11-23 | 2021-05-11 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Signal molecule composition for inhibiting red date fruit cracking |
| CN111410575A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-07-14 | 襄阳金美科林农业开发有限公司 | Bee attractant for greenhouse strawberries and preparation method thereof |
| CN113367061B (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2022-06-24 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | Method for improving pollination rate of soybeans |
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| CN115380776A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-11-25 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Golden honey melon production method based on excellent strain artificial pollination free |
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