CN104521633A - Rice field weed arrowhead preventing and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a rice field weed arrowhead preventing and control method. During first-time sealing, oxadiazon and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl are applied in a muddy water state by means of a bottle swing method in 5-7 days before rice transplantation and after rice field water-containing soil preparation, a water layer of 3-5 cm is kept, rice seedlings are transplanted in 5-7 days after pesticide application, water draining is not performed within 48 hours after pesticide application, and a water layer of 3-5 cm is kept; during second-time sealing, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and bensulfuron methyl are mixed with a fertilizer or sandy soil to be applied in 10-15 days before rice transplantation, a field water layer of 3-5 cm is kept for 5-7 days; at an active tillering stage of growing rice and when each wild arrowhead seedling has 5-7 leaves, a bentazone aqueous solution and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl are evenly sprayed in a field, field water is completely drained before pesticide application, water is returned within 1-2 days after pesticide application and is kept for 3-5 days; at a booting earlier stage of the rice, new bulbs of arrowheads doe not grow out, artificial pond clearing is conducted at the moment, and arrowheads are pulled out. By means of the rice field weed arrowhead preventing and control method, arrowhead preventing and control effect is improved, the arrowheads are basically eliminated within 3 years, and yield is improved.

Description

A kind of prevention and controls of weeds in paddy field arrowhead

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of prevention and controls of weeds in paddy field arrowhead.

Background technology

Arrowhead is herbaceos perennial, has pasture ten days stem and bulb.Because the root of arrowhead, stem distribution are comparatively dark, have the biological propertyes such as fertility is strong, wide adaptability, in China and world's distribution widely, blazon in the north and south each province of China and Asia and American-European various places.In Rice Production states such as Japan, Korea S, preliminary, fragmentary research is carried out to arrowhead biological property and chemical control.

Han Didao district Weed Communities in Paddy Fields except barnyard grass, sedge weed be still except the main weeds of rice field, the broad leaved weeds such as arrowhead belongs to, small grass show and sharply increase trend, prediction these malignant weeds harm from now on becomes increasingly conspicuous, and causes serious crop smothering, must attract great attention.According to external investigation and analysis Weed Communities in Paddy Fields result of variations, in Korea S seventies with farmland weed annual weed for main weeds, and the eighties, the perennial weed such as arrowhead sharply increased, and become main weeds gradually, the special later stage eighties is particularly outstanding.Entering nineties arrowhead and become one of nationwide three large main weeds, is also similar trend in some countries such as Japan.This mainly because preventing and kill off grassy weed to butachlor etc. is that being used in conjunction for a long time of class weed killer herbicide urinated by main herbicides for use in paddy and minority sulfonephthalein, makes the perennial weed occurrence and harms such as arrowhead genus be on the rise.Due to their special feature of emerging, growing stage herbicide treatment is difficult to prevent and kill off in the early stage, adds and all advocates early maturity culture technology now, has more encouraged the generation quantity of this kind of weeds.Arrowhead belongs to simultaneously has soil condition wide adaptability, and the characteristic generally adapt to various agricultural environment and the patience to weed killer herbicide also absolutely prove that continuation increases by its generating capacity.

Although cold ground rice workspace barnyard grass is main weeds, Control Technology is very ripe, and perennial weed arrowhead etc. increase gradually at Honda comparatively speaking, point evil seriously affecting paddy rice with become fringe.Research at present in China prevents and kill off the malignant weed such as barnyard grass, sedge family is a lot, and achieve certain achievement, but belong to the biological property of weeds for the arrowhead increased year by year and to prevent and kill off the research report of system few, particularly this area is a blank for the biological property of weeds in paddy field arrowhead and the research of chemical control.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve problems of the prior art and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of weeds in paddy field arrowhead, " two envelopes, are killed, one clean up the pond " method, the method understands the Changing Pattern of Crop-weed Communities feature and succession of community trend and farmland weed sociales, investigation and analysis farmland weed population and individual biological property, understand the ecological characteristics that farmland weed occurs, being the basic research of setting up farmland weed Integrated co ntrol system, is also the guarantee of chemical control farmland weed.The Growth and reproduction of plant along with survived place different and different with environmental condition, therefore can not set up reliable preventing and killing weeds in rice field system with foreign country or other regional result of study of carrying out in this area.Set up biology, the ecological characteristics of the necessary thorough clear and definite main object weeds of effective preventing and killing weeds in rice field system.Its technical scheme is:

A prevention and controls for weeds in paddy field arrowhead, comprises the following steps:

Step 1:

First time is closed, before rice transplanting 5 ~ 7 days, Shi Yong Evil humulone+pyrazosulfuron, use in muddy water state on the whole ground of band water, rice field bottle to get rid of method dispenser afterwards, keep 3 ~ 5 centimetres of water layers, rice transplanting in 5 ~ 7 days after dispenser, to spread pesticides not draining in latter 48 hours, water layer 3 ~ 5 centimetres;

Second time is closed, after rice transplanting 10 ~ 15 days, uses pyrazosulfuron+bensulfuron-methyl, mixes fertilizer or sandy soil spread fertilizer over the fields, field water layer 3 ~ 5 centimetres, and keeps 5 ~ 7 days;

Step 2:

At the tillering regularity of paddy growth, during wild arrowhead seedling 5-7 leaf, use bentazone aqua+pyrazosulfuron to carry out field even spraying process, before dispenser, should water in field be drained, 1-2 days rehydrations after medicine water conservation 3-5 days;

Step 3:

In paddy rice booting in earlier stage, arrowhead does not form new bulb, now manually cleans up the pond, and pulls out arrowhead.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The present invention improves arrowhead control efficiency, within 3 years, substantially eliminates; Add output.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is arrowhead two envelope principle schematic;

Fig. 2 is blade face weeding in mid-term (one kills) principle schematic;

Fig. 3 is the emergence situation of arrowhead;

Fig. 4 is the leaf emergence rate of arrowhead.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described further.

1, technical solution of the present invention

1.1 enclosed weedings

Research shows, the pests occurrence rule of cold-field arrowhead is, the arrowhead bulb in 1 ~ 10cm topsoil germinates the earliest, by test display, on off-period before rice transplanting 5 ~ 7 days, best results, the best medicament of preventive effect is Evil humulone+pyrazosulfuron, completes first time to close.

The confining bed that in Fig. 1, ， ① Evil humulone and pyrazosulfuron are formed; 2. the first arrowhead bulb; 3. 1 ~ 10cm topsoil; 4. 10 ~ 15cm topsoil; 5. >=20cm topsoil.

1.2 closed for second time weed eradications

Research shows, along with the continuous rising of temperature, comparatively deep layer bulb is about to germinate, and is at this moment the best opportunity again closed, after ensureing weeding, the safety growth of rice plant, after rice transplanting 10 ~ 15 days, pyrazosulfuron+bensulfuron-methyl, mix fertilizer or sandy soil spread fertilizer over the fields, field water layer 3 ~ 5 centimetres, and keep 5 ~ 7 days, complete second time and close.

In Fig. 2,6. rice seedlings; 7. arrowhead spire height water layer is exposed; 8. arrowhead seed; 9. the second arrowhead bulb; 10. overground part arrowhead spire.

1.3 mid-term blade face herbicide

Research shows: before and after the rice tillering Sheng phase, grow by arrowhead seed and bulb the immature arrowhead plant (as photo 1) formed by there being part, during wild arrowhead seedling 5-7 leaf, bentazone aqua+pyrazosulfuron is used to carry out field even spraying process, water in field should be drained, 1-2 days rehydrations after medicine water conservation 3-5 days before dispenser; The method herbicidal effect is good, and speed of action is fast, after medicine 24 hours, and wild arrowhead seedling is withered to be drawn out easily, and can effectively prevent and kill off the malignant weed such as rhizoma alismatis and Monochoria korsakowii simultaneously.For improve drug effect, 1 ~ 2 day water in field of draining before dispenser, makes liquid contact the cauline leaf of weeds better, within after dispenser 1 day, pour water about 5 centimetres dark in the death accelerating weeds.

1.4 later stages cleaned up the pond

Research shows, after Rice Heading, the face, arrowhead field of not blooming is invisible (rice plant is higher than arrowhead overground part), but concrete survey data display, its root system has nearly 1 meter long, after maturation of blooming, the ripe arrowhead of every strain can produce 14 ~ 28 seeds, 48 ~ 65 bulbs.Face, field be can't see cannot medication, and its superpower fertility of arrowhead in addition, becomes one of arrowhead reason anti-more than repeatly to any routine techniques all without any measure this period.At this time necessity is cleaned up the pond.

2 tests of the present invention

1 test material

1.1 for examination weed killer herbicide

According to the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of existing arrowhead, and arrowhead self growth regularity and design feature, select the weed killer herbicide in producing with certain preventive effect, for test, refer to table 1-1.

Table 1-1 is for examination weed killer herbicide kind

Sequence number	Trade name	Chinese
			1	Agriculture thinks it	Evil humulone
2	Grass jinx	Pyrazosulfuron
			3	Nongdeshi	Bensulfuron-methyl
4	Lysimachia sikokiana is red	Bentazone
			5	Machete	Butachlor

1.2 experimental cultivar

Paddy rice experimental cultivar is " no loadtransformer ", belongs to early-maturing variety.Gather in field tested by Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences paddy rice for examination arrowhead.

1.3 other conditions

This is tested and carried out in Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences paddy rice in 2009 ~ 2011 years.Soil regime is as table 1-2.

Table 1-2 is for examination place soil regime result of laboratory test

Project	Organic (g/kg)	Available nitrogen (mg/kg)	Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg)	PH value
					Result	32.6↑	288.92↑	15.8↑	8.5↑
Project	Available potassium (mg/kg)	Quick-acting magnesium (mg/kg)	Effective silicon (mg/kg)	Soil types
					Result	248.64↑	346.06↑	278.1↑	Karail

2 test methods

The growth developmental characteristic investigation of 2.1 field arrowheads

2009 ~ 2010 years tested by Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences paddy rice Tanaka select representational field, fixed 10 points (often is Im2), investigate arrowhead strain number, the number of sheets every 5 days, spend number, last sampling and measuring bulb and the depth profile in soil.And select 16 strains, carry out determining growing of strain investigation arrowhead.

2.2 arrowhead prevention and controls tests

According to the survey data of 2009, efficiency test row dispenser period, dispenser kind and clean up the pond three, spraying time comprises rice transplanting first 10 days, first 5 days of rice transplanting, after rice transplanting 15 days, tillering regularity; Medicament kind is reagent agent and combined treatment; Formulation rate is used according to product requirement, and test process is in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 tests each process dispenser period, medicament kind, measure planning chart of cleaning up the pond

2.3 preventive effect investigation

Get two points at random in every community, often is Im ², transplanting type and the number of (May 25) latter 20 days, 47 days, 77 days investigation weeds, rear twice sampling and measuring fresh weight respectively.Species test is sampled after paddy rice maturation.

3 results and analysis

The growth developmental characteristic of 3.1 field arrowheads

The feature 3.1.1 arrowhead is emerged

At land for growing field crops fixed point (Im ²) the survey showed that, this area arrowhead starts to emerge at the beginning of 5 one 6 months the end of month, and June 10 started sharply to increase later, and skilful day in June is top.Arrowhead between June 10 to June 30 is unearthed to count and accounts for total more than 80% of number that is unearthed.Substantially all sprout to mid-July (Fig. 3).

3.1.2 arrowhead leafing feature

The blade of arrowhead is all that base is raw, and when 1st ~ 2 leaves are extracted out, blade is tiny, and leaf look is bronzing, and the 3rd leaf rear blade increases gradually, and blade is green, and shape, as melon skin, floats on the surface, and become upright after 8 leaf phases, shape is for flying swallow shape.Arrowhead leafing is many soon, and determine strain observation and show, arrowhead leaf emergence rate from emerging is accelerated gradually, and the fastest to leaf emergence rate in about 10 days July, every 2.2d increases 1 leaf.Leaf emergence rate starts to delay afterwards, is basically stable at 6.3 days increases 1 leaf (see Fig. 4) to 7 the end of month.

3.1.3 characteristics of flowering and fruiting

Find according to determining strain investigation in land for growing field crops, when 15th ~ 16 leaves grow, scape starts to extract out, and the scape extraction date is generally about 35 days apart from the phase of going through of emerging.Flowers and plants are upright, high 30 ~ 50cm, the total shape of inflorescence, form conical.Flower unisexuality, top is male flower, and bottom is female flower, and flower is white.A plant generally successively can produce 2 ~ 3 showy flowers of herbaceous plants flower buds.After the flower of the first careless flower bud withers, there is the second showy flowers of herbaceous plants flower bud, between two careless flower buds, be interposed between about 10 days.Be beginning flower bud at the beginning of 7 months, be arrowhead full-bloom stage at the beginning of 7 the end of month, 8 months, substantially stop blooming to 8 the end of month.After blossom fall, seed is ripe successively, and arrowhead seed is flat, obovate.Each fruit bears seeds about 273, and seed is once maturation and self falling, and thousand fresh weights are 1.019, is 0.459 after oven dry.Be scattered in the seed in soil according to observations, the seed entered with turning in slightly dark soil layer all can not be emerged.

3.1.4 arrowhead bulb feature and vertical distribution

Arrowhead bulb is ellipse, has scale, not of uniform size, and diameter about the 1cm that bulb is large according to observations, little about 0.1cm, generally at about 0.4cm.Arrowhead bulb started to be formed in early August, was the Sheng phase of formation of corm to late August.The formation of bulb must lean on fine pasture branch, and there are adequate water and loose topsoil in a large amount of fields that need of fine Portugal branch, if so when it forms bulb, it absorbs moisture or changes ecotope, the generating capacity that just can reduce next year in a large number to take the controlling measurement such as draining.In underground distribution 10 ~ 15cm soil layer of bulb at most (see table 3-1), 76.3% of lower bulb sum is taken up an area.The most applicable growth of arrowhead bulb in 10 ~ 15cm soil layer is described.And find according to observations, the underground formation of corm degree of depth is relevant with sprout time, and the formation bulb distribution of sprouting early is partially dark.This is similar to the result of study of forefathers to short arrowhead.

The distribution of table 3-1 arrowhead bulb

Sequence number	The degree of depth (cm)	Number (individual)	Number accounts for total ratio	Fresh weight (g)
					1	0～5	5	3.8％	1.37

2	5～10	22	16.8％	13.54
					3	10～15	99	75.6％	55.38
4	15～20	4	3.1％	1.07
					5	＞20	1	0.7％	0.52

3.2 respectively process preventive effect

As can be seen from table 3-2,3-3, the strain preventive effect of each process is generally lower than fresh weight preventive effect, and early stage, preventive effect was better than the later stage.This illustrates: medicament mainly suppresses arrowhead germination in early stage, but can not be lethal.So to later stage going down along with drug effect, there is orthogenesis in arrowhead.In addition, although go down to later stage drug effect, certain inhibitory action is still shown, so fresh weight preventive effect is better than strain preventive effect to arrowhead growth.

Table 3-2 respectively processes quantity preventive effect investigation result unit: %

Process	Transplant after 20 days	Transplant after 46 days	Transplant after 76 days
				Process 1	72.8	60.9	31.2
Process 2	83.1	62.7	37.6
				Process 3	22.8	30.9	30.7
Process 4	55.2	37.5	35.8
				Process 5	92.7	79.1	89.9
Process 6	52.1	73.6	62.6
				Process 7	34.4	79.2	66.3
Process 8	60.9	42.6	38.8
				Process 9	58.3	54.4	63.9
Process 10	--	63.4	63.5

From result of the test, compare between different weed killer herbicide mixed processing, first time is closed use 12% agriculture and thinks the careless jinx WP of its EC+10%, second time closes use 10% careless jinx WP+10% Nongdeshi WP, use 48% Lysimachia sikokiana red EC blade face herbicide mid-term, the treatment combination of cleaning up the pond before booting is to the preventive effect of arrowhead significantly better than the combination with Nongdeshi weed killer herbicide mixed processing, although illustrate that oxadiazon and Machete are same class weed killer herbicides, the former is better than the latter to the preventive effect of arrowhead.

Table 3-3 respectively processes and transplants latter 76 days fresh weight preventive effect investigation result unit: %

Process	Preventive effect (%)	The significance of difference (0.05)	The significance of difference (0.01)
				Process 1	66.1	c	B
Process 2	30.1	d	C

Process 3	37.7	d	C
				Process 4	95.2	a	A
Process 5	21.4	b	C
				Process 6	82.3	ab	A
Process 7	77.6	ab	A
				Process 8	82.9	a	A
Process 9	39.4	d	B
				Process 10	70.2	b	AB

4 conclusions

The investigation of the vertical distribution of 4.1 pairs of arrowhead bulbs and result of the test, take up an area 75.6% of lower bulb sum in 10 ~ 15cm soil layer at most.Illustrate in this area, the environmental condition of 10 ~ 15cm soil layer is applicable to the growth of arrowhead bulb very much.According to this feature, we can use plough deeply, deeply rake etc. farming technique, destroy this environmental condition to control the generation of arrowhead.Due to special breeding and the feature of emerging of weeds in paddy field arrowhead, at present only with domestic existing weed killer herbicide traditionally operation technique be difficult to thoroughly prevent and kill off spreading of arrowhead.So killing weeds in rice field arrowhead, on the basis of choose reasonable, utilization chemical herbicide, in conjunction with the farming measures of suiting measures to local conditions, the generation that Integrated co ntrol system could control arrowhead effectively should be set up.

4.2 for the prevention and controls of weeds in paddy field arrowhead, and simplified summary is " two envelopes, are killed, a clear soup ".

The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art; in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; simple transformation or the equivalence that can obtain technical scheme are apparently replaced, but all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a prevention and controls for weeds in paddy field arrowhead, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

Step 1:

First time is closed, before rice transplanting 5 ~ 7 days, Shi Yong Evil humulone+pyrazosulfuron, use in muddy water state on the whole ground of band water, rice field bottle to get rid of method dispenser afterwards, keep 3 ~ 5 centimetres of water layers, rice transplanting in 5 ~ 7 days after dispenser, to spread pesticides not draining in latter 48 hours, water layer 3 ~ 5 centimetres;

Second time is closed, after rice transplanting 10 ~ 15 days, uses pyrazosulfuron+bensulfuron-methyl, mixes fertilizer or sandy soil spread fertilizer over the fields, field water layer 3 ~ 5 centimetres, and keeps 5 ~ 7 days;

Step 2:

At the tillering regularity of paddy growth, during wild arrowhead seedling 5-7 leaf, use bentazone aqua+pyrazosulfuron to carry out field even spraying process, before dispenser, should water in field be drained, 1-2 days rehydrations after medicine water conservation 3-5 days;

Step 3:

In paddy rice booting in earlier stage, arrowhead does not form new bulb, now manually cleans up the pond, and pulls out arrowhead.