CN1078937A - 热塑性塑料、橡胶等材料的成粒机 - Google Patents

热塑性塑料、橡胶等材料的成粒机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1078937A
CN1078937A CN 93105023 CN93105023A CN1078937A CN 1078937 A CN1078937 A CN 1078937A CN 93105023 CN93105023 CN 93105023 CN 93105023 A CN93105023 A CN 93105023A CN 1078937 A CN1078937 A CN 1078937A
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cutting knife
axle
orifice plate
granulating machine
distance
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CN 93105023
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格德·卡皮尔
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KraussMaffei Berstorff GmbH
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Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau GmbH
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Publication of CN1078937A publication Critical patent/CN1078937A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/26—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut
    • B26D1/28—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting
    • B26D1/29—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut and rotating continuously in one direction during cutting with cutting member mounted in the plane of a rotating disc, e.g. for slicing beans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/26—Means for mounting or adjusting the cutting member; Means for adjusting the stroke of the cutting member
    • B26D7/2628—Means for adjusting the position of the cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00—Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/23—Hay wafering or pelletizing means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

在成粒机中应调整旋转切刀的位置，使之与静止 孔板之间有一个精确的距离，而且在整个粒化过程 中，应保持这一距离不变。通过设计切刀横梁和切刀 的驱动轴，使之成为可调温的轴，以及将此轴在切刀 所在侧的支承设计为浮动轴承，那么，调整轴的温度， 便可使轴穿过浮动轴承朝切刀头所在的方向进行有 目的的纵向膨胀，以此来精确地和在My范围内，调 整孔板和在其上旋转的切刀之间的距离。

Description

本发明涉及一种如权利要求1前序部分所述类型的成粒机。
由US-PS3393425已知一种成粒机，欲粒化的塑料用挤压机增塑，并经孔板挤出成条状。这些条从孔板出来后，被在孔板前平行于孔板平面旋转的切刀切割成短段，并用空气或在水池中冷却，以防颗粒粘结在一起。
在孔板前旋转的切刀装在一根或多根切刀横梁上。切刀横梁固定在中心轴上，马达使此中心轴旋转，所以切刀在孔板前很近的距离处经过，将从孔板挤出的条切断和粒化。
从旋转的切刀到孔板的距离不允许超过50至150My，以便获得光滑的切口。若此距离增大，会在被切断的颗粒上产生毛刺和小毛边，从而使对颗粒的再加工变得很困难，因为颗粒不再具有松散性，并因而无法计量。
当距离过大时在颗粒上形成毛边;距离过小则旋转切刀的磨损量过大。
本发明的目的是制成一种上述类型的成粒机，它可以准确调整旋转切刀与静止孔板之间的距离，而且在整个粒化过程中保持此距离不变。所制成的这种设备，结构特别简单，工作可靠，操作方便，制造成本低廉。
在按上述设想制成的成粒机中，是通过主权利要求的特征部分所述来达到此目的的。
将切刀横梁和切刀的传动轴设计成调温轴，将此轴在切刀所在侧的支承设计为浮动轴承，通过轴的调温有目的地使轴朝切刀头所在的方向穿过浮动轴承纵向膨胀，以此来精确地和在My范围内调整孔板和在其上方旋转的切刀之间的距离。当例如长度为约20至30厘米的钢制空心轴温度改变1℃时，热膨胀使长度改变2至3My，旋转切刀和孔板之间的距离最好为50至150My，利用本发明的设备可以非常准确地达到这一点。
为了调整成粒机，使切刀在一定压力下移向孔板，然后通过对空心轴有目的地调温，使切刀退回到一个预先选定的距离处。
轴的调温可利用一种循环的有温度的介质，例如水、油等，或通过电加热装置来实现。重要的是要将轴的切刀所在端装在浮动轴承中，从而使纵向膨胀只能沿着这一方向进行。
本发明的实施例表示在附图中，并在下面给以说明。
其中：
图1  成粒机和部分挤压机纵剖面图;
图2  图1中通过切刀和刀夹的Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖面;
图3  另一种装有电调温轴的实施例。
图1表示的成粒机1通过法兰与挤压机外壳2相连。挤压机有一个螺旋输送器3，它由图中未表示的驱动装置驱动旋转。
在刀轴4上装有盘状的刀架5，切刀横梁6固定在此刀架5上。刀夹7装在切刀横梁6的一端。
切刀8本身表示在图2中。
刀夹7的一端有一个气缸腔9，它通过快速连接孔10与气体导管相连。利用制动螺钉11可以非常准确地将切刀定位在刀夹中任意的轴向位置上，而且不会因旋转而改变其位置。
成粒机的工作情况如下。
蜗杆3使经塑化加工的材料压出孔板12的孔外，并被切刀8切割成颗粒。
刀轴4设计成空心轴，轴内装有另一根与之同轴的管13，所以调温介质经轴流入，并从同轴地装在轴内的管中流出。
在轴的切刀所在侧装有浮动轴承14，轴的另一端装固定轴承15。轴4通过由减速器16和马达17组成的驱动装置驱动旋转，所以切刀8在孔板12上旋转。
孔板12和切刀8之间的距离“x”可按以下所述进行调整。
首先将快速连接孔10与压力空气源连通。然后，大约为3巴的空气压力作用在气缸腔9中，由此以相应的压力将切刀8压靠在孔板12上。此时，利用制动螺钉11将切刀8固定在这一位置，拆下压力空气软管。接着将另一把切刀固定在第二个切刀横梁18上，结构相同的切刀（图上未表示）也将在孔板12前运转。在快速连接孔10上再次连接压力空气源，使此切刀8同样以3巴的压力压靠在孔板12上，用制动螺钉11将切刀8固定在此位置上。若还有其它的切刀横梁上也有切刀，则可以同样的方式将它们固定在相同的位置上，进一步旋转刀架5，直至全部切刀在与孔板12之间距离为零的地方固定。
现在，通过一个图上未表示的可进行非常精确温度控制的调温设备，在孔19中输入调温液体，并流入轴4中。调温液体在轴端从同轴地装在空心轴4中的管13流回，从孔20流出，并重又流入图中未表示的调温设备中。因此形成了调温液体的循环，此循环保证准确地控制温度，并因而保证能准确地控制轴4的纵向膨胀量。
因此，可通过轴4的纵向膨胀，准确调节孔板12和切刀8之间的距离“x”。必须强调指出，距离“x”对所有的旋转切刀完全相同，因为装在刀架5上的全部切刀横梁和固定在其上的切刀8，由于轴4的纵向膨胀均匀移动。
当用钢、黄铜或铝制的轴4长度30厘米温差100℃时，切刀和孔板之间可调整的距离为300至600My。由此可以导出，温度差1℃大约引起轴4的长度变化为3至6My。若例如距离“x”应为50My，则轴的温度必须提高17°至34℃，并保持此温度不变。
图3所示之实施例中，轴4内装入一个电加热装置，例如为电热器，它用电缆21与电源连通，从而同样可以精确控制轴4的温度，并因而可通过轴4的膨胀有目的地改变轴4的长度。
由于轴4上切刀所在的一侧支承在浮动轴承14上，而轴的另一端是固定轴承15，所以轴的膨胀将合乎要求地朝切刀头的方向，这便意味着可以精确地调整距离x。
符号表
1  成粒机
2  外壳
3  螺旋输送器
4  刀轴
5  刀架
6  切刀横梁
7  刀夹
8  切刀
9  气缸腔
10  快速连接孔
11  制动螺钉
12  孔板
13  管
14  浮动轴承
15  固定轴承
16  减速器
17  马达
18  切刀横梁
19  孔
20  孔
21  电缆
“x”  距离

Claims (4)

1、橡胶或热塑性塑料的成粒机，有一块装在挤压机前面的孔板；一根被支承和可被驱动的刀轴；一个固定在刀轴上的盘状刀架；一些固定在刀架上的切刀横梁，在切刀横梁上固定有在孔板上旋转的切刀，其特征为：轴(4)设计为可调温的；轴(4)的切刀所在侧装在浮动轴承(14)中，其驱动侧装在固定轴承(15)中。
2、按照权利要求1所述之成粒机，其特征为：轴（4）设计成空心轴;在空心轴内与之同轴地装入一根可允许调温介质循环流动的管（13）;以及，轴（4）和管（13）与使调温介质循环的调温装置相连接。
3、按照权利要求1所述之成粒机，其特征为：轴（4）中装有一个可控制的轴的电调温装置。
4、按照权利要求1所述之成粒机，其特征为：轴（4）用钢、黄铜或铝制成。
CN 93105023 1992-05-07 1993-05-05 热塑性塑料、橡胶等材料的成粒机 Pending CN1078937A (zh)

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DE4214481A DE4214481C1 (zh) 1992-05-07 1992-05-07
DEP4214481.7 1992-05-07

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US (1) US5292240A (zh)
JP (1) JPH0623741A (zh)
CN (1) CN1078937A (zh)
DE (1) DE4214481C1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2266679B (zh)

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CN102431102A (zh) * 2011-10-28 2012-05-02 大连橡胶塑料机械股份有限公司 热膨胀消除装置
CN110000832A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-07-12 南安市柳信光电科技有限公司 利用离心力散气的聚氯乙烯粒子安全制备机
CN117532681A (zh) * 2023-12-25 2024-02-09 湖南鹤祥包装有限公司 一种纸张分切自动调整装置及其调整方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102431102A (zh) * 2011-10-28 2012-05-02 大连橡胶塑料机械股份有限公司 热膨胀消除装置
CN102431102B (zh) * 2011-10-28 2013-11-06 大连橡胶塑料机械股份有限公司 热膨胀消除装置
CN110000832A (zh) * 2019-03-08 2019-07-12 南安市柳信光电科技有限公司 利用离心力散气的聚氯乙烯粒子安全制备机
CN110000832B (zh) * 2019-03-08 2020-10-30 伟达塑胶工业（南通）有限公司 利用离心力散气的聚氯乙烯粒子安全制备机
CN117532681A (zh) * 2023-12-25 2024-02-09 湖南鹤祥包装有限公司 一种纸张分切自动调整装置及其调整方法

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GB2266679A (en) 1993-11-10
DE4214481C1 (zh) 1993-05-19
GB9307049D0 (en) 1993-05-26
JPH0623741A (ja) 1994-02-01
US5292240A (en) 1994-03-08
GB2266679B (en) 1996-03-20

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