CN107880211B - 一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003176 water-insoluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供一种不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,首先甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)发生共聚反应,制备具有高分子网状结构的树脂基体,随后树脂基体与氯代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应,在高分子链上得到具有杀菌功能的季铵基,经过后处理得到产品。同时,在树脂基体的制备过程中,加入了致孔剂使制备的聚合物具有发达的孔结构,一方面有助于后续的季铵化亲核取代反应,也使得制备的杀菌剂具有更大的比表面积增大,杀菌性能增强。通过本发明制备的水不溶型季铵盐,不仅具有季铵盐优异的杀菌性能,而且不溶于水,无余毒,可回收循环利用,特别适用于工业及民用水处理以及其它流体介质的杀菌消毒。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,属于杀菌剂领域,特别涉及一种含有季铵盐基团、水不溶、可再生循环使用的高分子树脂杀菌剂。
背景技术
杀菌剂通常分为氧化型和非氧化型,氧化型杀菌剂包括Cl2,NaClO, Br2,O3,ClO2,H2O2及其它过氧化物等,是用于水处理最悠久的一类杀菌剂。由于氧化型杀菌剂具有杀菌力强、价格低廉、来源广泛,至今仍是应用最广泛的一类杀菌剂。但氧化型杀菌剂有它不可克服的缺点,如与环境中的有机物反应(如:氯型杀菌剂与水中的有机物反应生成氯代烃类致癌物),稳定性欠佳,用于工业水处理时对粘泥、菌垢的剥离和洗涤作用差。
非氧化型杀菌剂可以弥补氧化型杀菌剂稳定性差的缺点,毒性也相对较低。其中,最具有代表性的非氧化杀菌剂是阳离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂型杀菌剂,如含氮阳离子表面活性剂(包括季铵盐、吡啶盐、咪唑盐、异喹啉盐等含氮杂环的盐)。早期使用的非氧化性杀菌剂一般为小分子化合物,不可再生循环使用,同时也存在着一定的毒性。
随后研究人员,将非氧化型杀菌剂单体化合物聚合或将杀菌剂官能团枝接到高分子载体上,制成水不溶性聚合物杀菌剂。这类杀菌剂既不溶于水,又不溶于有机溶剂,避免了在使用过程中安全性差的问题,尤其适用于工业及民用水处理以及其它流体介质的杀菌消毒。此外,这类杀菌剂还具有缓释、长效及重复使用的性能,因此将大大降低这类杀菌剂的成本。
发明内容
基于以上所述,本发明的目的是制备一种水不溶型季铵盐,含有具有杀菌功能的季铵官能团,杀菌性能优良,不溶于水和有机溶剂,无余毒,可以循环二次利用。
为达到以上技术效果,本发明制备一种如下所示的高分子化合物。
具体的制备流程如下所示:
首先甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯 (EGDMA)发生共聚反应,制备具有高分子网状结构的树脂基体,随后树脂基体与氯代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应,在高分子链上生成季铵基,即得到产品不溶型季铵盐。由于同时本发明制备的季铵盐不溶于水,无余毒,在水处理后方便回收,回收后用盐酸溶液处理即可实现循环利用。
本发明的具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
a、聚合单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)中加入致孔剂,混合均匀,加入到明胶和氯化钠的水溶液中,随后加入偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),加热搅拌发生聚合反应,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物,即为树脂基体;
b、纯化水洗涤树脂基体,除去明胶和氯化钠;
c、乙醇抽提树脂基体,除去致孔剂;
d、将树脂基体真空干燥箱中干燥;
e、干燥后的树脂基体加入到反应容器中,氮气吹扫5min,随后加入将溴代正丁烷的乙醇溶液,加热发生亲核取代反应;
f、反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤除去未反应的溴代正丁烷;
g、产物真空干燥,得到不溶型季铵盐。
进一步的,步骤a中,可以通过调节单体比例、致孔剂加入量、引发剂的加入量以及体系中的水含量控制树脂基体的粒径及孔结构。
进一步的,步骤a中聚合单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)质量比为mDMAEMA:mEGDMA=70:30~90:10。
进一步的,步骤a中所用致孔剂为乙酸乙酯或者乙酸乙酯、十二醇的混合溶液,使用量为聚合单体质量的40%~60%,使用混合溶液时乙酸乙酯和十二醇质量比1:1。
进一步的,步骤a中所述明胶和氯化钠的水溶液,明胶的质量浓度为 1%~2%,氯化钠的质量浓度为10%~15%。
进一步的,步骤a中体系聚合单体与水的质量比为m聚合单体:m水=1:1~1:2。
进一步的,步骤a中,AIBN的使用量为聚合单体质量的0.5%~1%。
进一步的,步骤a中,聚合反应的温度为65℃~75℃,反应时间6h~8h。
进一步的,步骤e中,树脂基体与溴代正丁烷的质量比为m树脂基体:m溴代正丁烷=1:1~1:1.5,溴代正丁烷的乙醇溶液质量浓度为40%~60%。
进一步的,步骤e中的反应温度为80℃~100℃,反应时间为12h~24h。
通过本发明制备得到含有季铵基的高分子聚合物。因为季铵基团具有很强的亲水性,所以会使得高分子聚合物很容易溶于水中。加入乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)起到交联剂的作用,将高分子链交联现成网状结构,避免聚合物在水中溶解。另外,在树脂基体的制备过程中,加入了致孔剂可以使制备的聚合物具有发达的孔结构,一方面有助于后续的季铵化亲核取代反应,也使得制备的季铵盐具有更大的比表面积增大,杀菌性能增强。
因此本发明制备的水不溶型季铵盐,不仅具有季铵盐优异的杀菌性能,而且不溶于水,无余毒,可回收循环利用,特别适用于工业及民用水处理以及其它流体介质的杀菌消毒。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做详细的说明
实施例1
一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法为:
将90g甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、10g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)、40g乙酸乙酯混合均匀,随后加入到明胶质量浓度1%和氯化钠质量浓度15%的水溶液中,随后加入1g偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),加热到 65℃搅拌反应4h,随后升温到75℃继续反应4h,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物。用纯化水洗涤,随后乙醇抽提,干燥得到树脂基体。
取上述干燥后的树脂基体50g加入三口烧瓶中,氮气吹扫5min,加入100g 质量浓度50%的溴代正丁烷溶液,升温到90℃,搅拌反应18h。反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,随后真空80℃干燥12h,所得产品即水不溶型季铵盐。
实施例2
一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法为:
将80g甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、20g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)、50g乙酸乙酯混合均匀,随后加入到明胶质量浓度1%和氯化钠质量浓度15%的水溶液中,随后加入1g偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),加热到 65℃搅拌反应4h,随后升温到75℃继续反应4h,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物。用纯化水洗涤,随后乙醇抽提,干燥得到树脂基体。
取上述干燥后的树脂基体50g加入三口烧瓶中,氮气吹扫5min,加入100g 质量浓度50%的溴代正丁烷溶液,升温到90℃,搅拌反应18h。反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,随后真空80℃干燥12h,所得产品即水不溶型季铵盐。
实施例3
一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法为:
将80g甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、20g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)、25g乙酸乙酯、25g十二醇混合均匀,随后加入到明胶质量浓度1%和氯化钠质量浓度15%的水溶液中,随后加入1g偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN),加热到65℃搅拌反应4h,随后升温到75℃继续反应4h,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物。用纯化水洗涤,随后乙醇抽提,干燥得到树脂基体。
取上述干燥后的树脂基体50g加入三口烧瓶中,氮气吹扫5min,加入100g 质量浓度50%的溴代正丁烷溶液,升温到90℃,搅拌反应18h。反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,随后真空80℃干燥12h,所得产品即水不溶型季铵盐。
实施例4
一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法为:
将80g甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、20g乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)、25g乙酸乙酯、25g十二醇混合均匀,随后加入到明胶质量浓度1%和氯化钠质量浓度15%的水溶液中,随后加入1g偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN),加热到65℃搅拌反应4h,随后升温到75℃继续反应4h,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物。用纯化水洗涤,随后乙醇抽提,干燥得到树脂基体。
取上述干燥后的树脂基体50g加入三口烧瓶中,氮气吹扫5min,加入100g 质量浓度60%的溴代正丁烷溶液,升温到90℃,搅拌反应12h。反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤,随后真空80℃干燥12h,所得产品即水不溶型季铵盐。
将上述实施例中制备的水不溶型季铵盐参照GB4789.2-94进行杀菌性能评定。评定方法为:取培养好的带菌斜面(混合异氧菌种)4-5支,把菌种刮入100ml无菌蒸馏水中,配成大约细菌浓度在108个/ml左右的菌悬液。称取 10g水不溶性杀菌剂加入到100ml菌悬液中,充分振荡30min。随后取上层菌悬液,按10级稀释法稀释2-3个梯度,初始菌悬液稀释5-6个梯度。分别取 1mL上述梯度稀释液,接入培养皿中加入预先处理好的培养基,随后放入培养箱中,在29.5℃下恒温培养72h。培养完毕后,计数培养皿中没被杀死的细菌数。
杀菌性能评价结果如下表1所示:
表1中的数据表明实施例制备的季铵盐杀菌率均在85%以上,表现出优异的杀菌性能,因此适用于工业及民用水处理以及其它流体介质的杀菌消毒。
上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本发明不限于实施例中的内容。对于本行业人员,在不脱离本发明的基本思想情况下,对本发明技术方案所做的任何改动都在本发明的权利要求书所限定的范围内。
Claims (7)
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述不溶型季铵盐的制备方法包括以下步骤:
a、聚合单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)中加入致孔剂,混合均匀,加入到明胶和氯化钠的水溶液中,随后加入偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),加热搅拌发生聚合反应,反应结束过滤,收集沉淀物,即为树脂基体;
b、纯化水洗涤树脂基体,除去明胶和氯化钠;
c、乙醇抽提树脂基体,除去致孔剂;
d、将树脂基体真空干燥箱中干燥;
e、干燥后的树脂基体加入到反应容器中,氮气吹扫5min,随后加入将溴代正丁烷的乙醇溶液,加热发生亲核取代反应;
f、反应结束,抽滤,收集沉淀,用乙醇洗涤除去未反应的溴代正丁烷;
g、产物真空干燥,得到不溶型季铵盐。
3.按照权利要求2所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤a中聚合单体甲基丙烯酸二甲氨乙酯(DMAEMA)、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)质量比为mDMAEMA:mEGDMA=70:30~90:10;所述致孔剂使用量为单体质量的40%~60%。
4.按照权利要求2所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述致孔剂为乙酸乙酯或者乙酸乙酯、十二醇的混合溶液,使用混合溶液时乙酸乙酯和十二醇质量比1:1。
5.按照权利要求2所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤a中所述明胶和氯化钠的水溶液,明胶的质量浓度为1%~2%,氯化钠的质量浓度为10%~15%。
6.按照权利要求2所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤a中聚合体系聚合单体与水的质量比为m聚合单体:m水=1:1~1:2;AIBN的使用量为聚合单体质量的0.5%~1%;聚合反应的温度为65℃~75℃,反应时间6h~8h。
7.按照权利要求2所述的一种水不溶型季铵盐的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤e中,树脂基体与溴代正丁烷的质量比为m树脂基体:m溴代正丁烷=1:1~1:1.5,溴代正丁烷的乙醇溶液质量浓度为40%~60%;反应温度为80℃~100℃,反应时间为12h~24h。
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