CN107873036B - 用于聚合烯烃的预聚合催化剂组分 - Google Patents
用于聚合烯烃的预聚合催化剂组分 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873036B CN107873036B CN201680044829.9A CN201680044829A CN107873036B CN 107873036 B CN107873036 B CN 107873036B CN 201680044829 A CN201680044829 A CN 201680044829A CN 107873036 B CN107873036 B CN 107873036B
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- catalyst component
- electron donor
- hydrogen
- prepolymerized catalyst
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UKEUPAFEWAEVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-methoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylpropyl]benzene Chemical compound COCC(C)(COC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UKEUPAFEWAEVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOUNQYODSPCWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethyl)-2-methylbutan-2-yl]benzene Chemical compound COCC(COC)C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZOUNQYODSPCWEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclopentyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound C1CCCC1[Si](OC)(OC)C1CCCC1 JWCYDYZLEAQGJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylzinc Chemical compound CC[Zn]CC HQWPLXHWEZZGKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(diphenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 AHUXYBVKTIBBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTJCEVZMRIJBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-methyl-(1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C(C)C(F)(F)F BTJCEVZMRIJBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002899 organoaluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- NETBVGNWMHLXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C(C)(C)C NETBVGNWMHLXRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08F10/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F10/06—Propene
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- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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Abstract
本公开提供了一种用于聚合烯烃的预聚合催化剂组分,该预聚合催化剂组分包含含有Mg、Ti和氯原子的固体催化剂组分以及电子给体(ID),所述预聚合催化剂组分的特征在于:‑电子给体(ID)包括以电子给体化合物的总摩尔量计至少80%mol的1,3‑二醚;‑预聚合催化剂的由直径高达1μm的孔隙导致的孔隙率小于0.2cm3/g;‑预聚合催化剂含有以预聚合催化剂的总重量计量小于45%的乙烯预聚物。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于聚合烯烃(尤其是丙烯)的预聚合催化剂组分,其具有特定的化学性能,并包含Mg、Ti以及选自1,3-二醚的电子给体。
背景技术
本公开的催化剂组分尤其适合在用于聚合烯烃(尤其是丙烯)的气相工艺中使用。
使用气相聚合反应器的优势在本领域中是众所周知的。在操作正确的情况下,这种类型的聚合技术能够以相对较低的投资成本制备出具有有价值性能的聚合物。
反应器生产量通常通过将气体质量流率提高至极限流化气体速度所允许的值来达到其最大值。当超出该极限时,极大部分的聚合物颗粒会被再循环气体夹带走:因此,气体再循环管和风扇出现结皮,且热交换器管道和分布栅格发生堵塞。因此,维护成本变得更高,制造时间变得更长,且产量同样降低。
夹带速度是粒径和密度的直接函数。粒径和/或密度较大的颗粒可实现较高的流化气体速度。因此,为了优化气体速度,聚合物密度应保持至最终应用等级所允许的最大值。就此而言,应避免存在有细小的聚合物部分(即所谓的微粒,其可由在聚合的初始阶段期间发生的不规则催化剂碎化生成),原因在于这些微粒可引起积垢现象,例如,反应器及辅助装置出现结皮,这种现象在某些情况下甚至可导致聚合设备被迫停止工作。
就此而言,使用预聚合催化剂具有双重优点:其使得催化剂颗粒的尺寸更大,并以降低聚合条件下发生破裂的倾向的方式增强这些颗粒的抗性。如此,催化剂能够制备出较大的聚合物颗粒,并减少微粒的形成。
在不配备有直接连接至聚合段的预聚合段的聚合设备中,可将来自单独的批量预聚合单元的预聚合催化剂进料入聚合反应器中,其中该批量预聚合单元以比管道上预聚合所制得的量要低得多的量(预聚物/催化剂单元)提供预聚合催化剂。WO99/48929例举了一系列用于丙烯聚合的催化剂的制备,其中这些催化剂预聚合至具有1g聚乙烯/g催化剂的转化率。
批量预聚合催化剂通常以油料浆的形式储存在圆桶中。当需要时,将料浆排入容器中,在通过烃介质任选地进行稀释之后,在搅拌的条件下于容器内对料浆进行适当的均化。
观察发现,在搅拌的条件下进行均化的同时,制备出了尺寸非常小的聚合物材料(还被称作天使头发),其具有粘附至分散器壁和搅拌器装置的高度倾向。推测上,此类聚合物材料由在搅拌条件下经受剪切应力的预聚合聚合物颗粒释放。虽然在仅考虑单个批次的情况下所释放的聚合物的量并不是很高,但进行催化剂进料、均化以及排出的连续模式导致聚合物在分散器中不断沉积,这可导致搅拌器发生堵塞。
因此,感觉到需要一种在分散期间不产生或产生极少量细小聚合物材料并同时在气相聚合中提供适当特性的预聚合催化剂。现已令人惊奇地发现,当使用具有以下特性的预聚合催化剂时,极大地减少或消除了天使头发在分散阶段的形成。
发明内容
因此,本申请的目的在于提供一种用于聚合烯烃的预聚合催化剂组分,该预聚合催化剂组分包含含有Mg、Ti和氯原子的固体催化剂组分以及电子给体(ID),所述预聚合催化剂组分的特征在于:
-电子给体(ID)包括以电子给体化合物的总摩尔量计至少80%mol的1,3-二醚;
-预聚合催化剂的由直径高达1μm的孔隙导致的孔隙率小于0.2cm3/g;
-预聚合催化剂含有以预聚合催化剂的总重量计量小于45%的乙烯预聚物。
具体实施方式
固体催化剂组分的平均粒径优选地在20μm到100μm之间,更优选地在25μm到80μm之间。
孔隙率优选地小于0.15cm3/g,更优选地在0.05cm3/g到0.10cm3/g之间,最优选地在0.04cm3/g到0.1cm3/g之间。
在上文提及的1,3-二醚中,尤其优选的为式(I)的化合物。
其中,RI和RII相同或者不同,其为氢或线性或支化C1-C18烃基团,此烃基团也可形成一个或多个环状结构;RIII基团彼此相同或者不同的为氢或C1-C18烃基团;RIV基团彼此相同或者不同的除不为氢外其余与RIII基团的定义相同;RI基团到RIV基团中的每一个都可含有选自卤素、N、O、S和Si的杂原子。
RIV优选地为1-6碳原子烷基基团,更优选地为甲基,而RIII基团优选地为氢。此外,当RI为甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基时,RII可为乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-乙基己基、环戊基、环己基、甲基环己基、苯基或苯甲基;当RI为氢时,RII可为乙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基己基、环己基乙基、二苯甲基、对-氯苯基、1-萘基或1-十氢萘基;RI和RII还可相同,并可为乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、苯基、苯甲基、环己基以及环戊基。
可有利地使用的醚的具体示例包括:2-(2-乙基己基)1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-仲丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-苯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-叔丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-枯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-苯乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(2-环己基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(对-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-(二苯甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2(1-萘基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2(对-氟苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2(1-十氢萘基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2(对-叔丁基苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二乙基-1,3-二乙氧基丙烷、2,2-二环戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二丙基-1,3-二乙氧基丙烷、2,2-二丁基-1,3-二乙氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-乙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-苯甲基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-苯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-甲基环己基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(对-氯苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(2-苯乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(2-环己基乙基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-异丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-(2-乙基己基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(2-乙基己基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(对-甲基苯基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-甲基-2-异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二苯基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二苯甲基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-2-环戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-双(环己基甲基)-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二乙氧基丙烷、2,2-二异丁基-1,3-二丁氧基丙烷、2-异丁基-2-异丙基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二仲丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二叔丁基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2,2-二新戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-异丙基-2-异戊基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷、2-苯基-2-苯甲基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷,以及2-环己基-2-环己基甲基-1,3-二甲氧基丙烷。
此外,尤其优选的为式(II)的1,3-二醚。
其中,RIV基团的含义与式(I)中定义的含义相同,且RIII基团和RV基团彼此相同或者不同的选自由如下组成的组:氢;卤素,优选为Cl和F;线性或支化C1-C20烷基基团;C3-C20环烷基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷基芳基以及C7-C20芳基烷基基团,其中两个或多个RV基团可彼此键合以形成饱和或不饱和的缩合环状结构,该结构被选自由如下组成的组的RVI基团任选地取代:卤素,优选为Cl和F;线性或支化C1-C20烷基基团;C3-C20环烷基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷芳基以及C7-C20芳烷基基团;所述RV基团和RVI基团任选地含有一个或多个作为碳或氢原子或二者的取代基的杂原子。
优选地,在式(I)和(II)所示的1,3-二醚中,所有的RIII基团都为氢,且所有的RIV基团都为甲基。此外,尤其优选的是式(II)的1,3-二醚,在其中,两个或多个RV基团彼此键合以形成一个或多个任选地由RVI基团取代的缩合环状结构(优选为苯结构)。特别优选的是式(III)的化合物:
其中,RIII基团和RIV基团的含义与式(I)中定义的含义相同,且RVI基团相同或者不同的为氢;卤素,优选为Cl和F;线性或支化C1-C20烷基基团;C3-C20环烷基、C6-C20芳基、C7-C20烷基芳基以及C7-C20芳烷基基团,任选地含有一个或多个作为碳或氢原子或二者的取代基的杂原子,其中该一个或多个杂原子选自由N、O、S、P、Si以及卤素(尤其为Cl和F)组成的组。
式(II)和(III)所包含的化合物的具体示例为:
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-环戊二烯;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,4,5-四甲基环戊二烯;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,4,5-四苯基环戊二烯;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,4,5-四氟环戊二烯;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-3,4-二环戊基环戊二烯;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)茚;1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-二甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,5,6,7-四氢茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,6,7-四氟茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,7-二甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-3,6-二甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4-苯基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4-苯基-2-甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4-环己基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-(3,3,3-三氟丙基)茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-三甲基硅烷基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-三氟甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-4,7-二甲基-4,5,6,7-四氢茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-环戊基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-异丙基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-环己基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-叔丁基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-叔丁基-2-甲基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-7-苯基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-2-苯基茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并[e]茚;
1,1-双(甲氧基甲基)-1H-2-甲基苯并[e]茚;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,6,7-四甲基芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,4,5,6,7-六氟芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3-苯并芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,3,6,7-二苯并芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,7-二异丙基芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-1,8-二氯芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-2,7-二环戊基芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-1,8-二氟芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-1,2,3,4-四氢芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢芴;
9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)-4-叔丁基芴。
如所述的,1,3-二醚以摩尔计构成存在于固体催化剂组分中的总ID的至少80%。优选地,1,3-二醚以摩尔计构成至少90%,更优选地构成至少95%。在最优选的实施例中,1,3-二醚是唯一存在于固体催化剂组分中的双官能电子给体化合物。
如果有的话,附加给体优选地选自醇或羧酸酯。
1,3-二醚/Mg摩尔比优选地在0.030到0.20之间,最优选地在0.035到0.15之间。
在优选实施例中,Mg/Ti摩尔比在4到10之间,更优选地在5到8之间。
以预聚合固体催化剂组分的总重量计,乙烯预聚物在预聚合固体催化剂组分中的量少于40wt%,更优选地在15wt%到35wt%之间。
可通过使含有Mg、Ti、氯以及选自1,3-二醚的电子给体的初始固体催化剂组分在烯烃单体和烷基铝化合物的存在下经历预聚合条件来获得预聚合固体催化剂组分。
术语“预聚合条件”意指适于制备上述预聚合催化剂组分的、包括温度、单体浓度以及试剂的温度和量的条件集合体。
烷基铝化合物(B)优选地选自三烷基铝化合物,例如,诸如,三乙基铝、三异丁基铝、三正丁基铝、三正己基铝、三正辛基铝等。还可使用三烷基铝与烷基铝卤化物、烷基铝氢化物或烷基铝倍半氯化物(例如,AlEt2Cl和Al2Et3Cl3)的混合物。特别优选的是使用三正辛基铝。
已经发现,使用少量的烷基铝化合物来进行预聚合是尤其有利的。特别地,所述量可比较少,从而使得Al/催化剂重量比在0.001到10之间,优选地在0.005到5之间,更优选地在0.01到2.5之间。还可采用外部给体,其选自硅化合物、醚、酯、胺、杂环化合物、酮以及先前所述的通式(I)中的1,3-二醚。然而,在预聚合中使用外部给体并不是严格必要的。
预聚合可在通常在-20℃到80℃之间,优选地在0℃到75℃之间的温度下以液相(浆相或体相)或气相形式进行。优选地,该预聚合在特别选自液体轻质烃的液体稀释剂中进行。在这些液体轻质烃中,优选的是戊烷、己烷以及庚烷。在可选实施例中,预聚合可在更粘的介质中进行,特别地,该介质在40℃下具有在5到100cSt之间的运动粘度。此类介质可为纯物质或具有不同运动粘度的物质的均质混合物。优选地,此类介质为烃介质,且更优选地,其在40℃下具有在10到90cSt之间的运动粘度。
液体稀释剂中的初始催化剂组分的浓度优选地在10g/L到300g/L之间,更优选地在40g/L到200g/L之间。
预聚合时间可在0.25h到30h之间,优选地在0.5h到20h之间,更优选地在1h到15h之间。待预聚合的烯烃单体可在预聚合之前以预定的量一次性进料至反应器中。在可选实施例中,烯烃单体在聚合期间以期望速率连续进料至反应器。
优选地,由于孔隙的半径等于或小于1μm,因此不含有烯烃聚合物的初始固体催化剂组分的特征为通过汞法测得的在0.15cm3/g到1.5cm3/g之间,优选地在0.3cm3/g到0.9cm3/g之间,更优选地在0.4cm3/g到0.9cm3/g之间的孔隙率。
除了上述的电子给体以外,初始固体催化剂组分以及固体催化剂组分还包含具有至少一种Ti-卤素键和Mg卤化物的钛化合物。卤化镁优选为专利文献中熟知的作为齐格勒-纳塔催化剂的载体的活性形式的MgCl2。专利USP4,298,718和USP4,495,338首次描述了这些化合物在齐格勒-纳塔催化中的用途。从这些专利中得知,在用于烯烃聚合的催化剂组分中用作载体或辅助载体的活性形式的二卤化镁特征在于x-射线谱,其中出现在非活性卤化物的谱中的最强衍射线的强度减小,并被晕圈取代,该晕圈的最高强度向比该较强衍射线的更小的角度迁移。
本公开的催化剂组分中使用的优选钛化合物为TiCl4和TiCl3;此外,还可使用式Ti(OR)n-yXy的Ti-卤代醇化物,在该式中,n为钛的化合价,y为1与n-1之间的数,x为卤素,且R为具有1到10个碳原子的烃基团。
优选地,初始催化剂组分(a)的平均粒径在20μm到60μm之间。
如上所述,本公开的预聚合催化剂在使用之前可储存在烃料浆中。已发现,当排入器皿并经历稀释及均化条件(天使头发测试)时,所释放的细小聚合物的量对于现有技术的预聚合催化剂所释放的量而言是可忽略的。
鉴于此,本公开的实施例在于提供了一种用于制备催化剂料浆的工艺,该工艺包括:(i)预聚合包含Mg、Ti和氯原子的固体催化剂组分以及电子给体化合物或混合物(ID),该电子给体化合物或混合物包含以电子给体化合物的总摩尔量计至少80%mol的1,3-二醚,其中乙烯制备出以预聚合催化剂的总重量计少于45wt%的聚乙烯;(ii)将所述预聚合催化剂分散入烃料浆中,其中,所述催化剂料浆的特征在于:当进行天使头发测试时,其释放以料浆的总量计少于1wt%,优选少于0.5wt%的细小聚合物。
按照已知方法,通过与有机铝化合物反应,将根据本公开的预聚合固体催化剂组分用于聚合烯烃。
特别地,本公开的目的在于提供一种用于聚合式CH2=CHR的烯烃的催化剂,在该式中,R为氢或C1-C12烃基基团,其中该催化剂含有以下物质之间的反应产物:
(i)如上文所公开的预聚合固体催化剂组分与
(ii)烷基铝化合物,以及任选地
(iii)外部电子给体化合物。
可与预聚合中使用的烷基铝化合物相同的烷基铝化合物(ii)优选地选自三烷基铝化合物,例如,诸如,三乙基铝、三正己基铝、三正辛基铝等。还可使用三烷基铝与烷基铝卤化物、烷基铝氢化物或烷基铝倍半氯化物(例如,AlEt2Cl和Al2Et3Cl3)的混合物。
优选地,烷基铝化合物在气相工艺中的用量应使得Al/Ti摩尔比在10到400之间,优选地在30到250之间,更优选地在40到200之间。
如上所述,催化剂体系可包含选自若干类别的外部电子给体(ED)。在各种醚中,优选的是1,3-二醚,其也被公开作为固体催化剂组分(a)中的内部给体。在各种酯中,优选的是脂肪族饱和单羧酸或二羧酸(例如,丙二酸酯、琥珀酸酯以及戊二酸酯等)的酯。在杂环化合物中,尤其优选的是2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶。特定类别的优选外部给体化合物为具有至少一种Si-O-C键的硅化合物。优选地,所述硅化合物是来自式Ra 5Rb 6Si(OR7)c的化合物,在该式中,a和b为0~2的整数,c为1~3的整数,且总和(a+b+c)为4;R5、R6和R7为具有1~18个碳原子的烷基、环烷基或芳基基团,所述碳原子任选地含有选自N、O、卤素和P的杂原子。尤其优选的是甲基环己基二甲氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷、甲基-叔丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二环戊基二甲氧基硅烷、2-乙基哌啶基-2-叔丁基二甲氧基硅烷、1,1,1-三氟丙基-2-乙基哌啶基-二甲氧基硅烷以及1,1,1-三氟丙基-甲基二甲氧基硅烷。外部电子给体化合物的用量使得有机铝化合物与所述电子给体化合物之间的摩尔比在2到200之间,优选地在5到150之间,更优选地在7到100之间,最优选地在7到70之间。
本文所描述的预聚合催化剂适用于任何聚合技术中,尤其是气相聚合。气相工艺可通过任何类型的气相反应器来进行。具体地,气相工艺可在一个或多个流化或机械搅拌床反应器中进行。通常而言,在流化床反应器中,流化通过惰性流化气体流获得,其中该惰性流化气体流的速度不高于输送速度。因此,流化颗粒床可位于反应器的或多或少地受限的区域中。在机械搅拌床反应器中,聚合物床由连续的叶片运动所产生的气体流保持在适当的位置中,其中,该气体流的调节还确定床的高度。操作温度通常选择在50℃到85℃之间,优选地在60℃到85℃之间,而操作压力通常设定在0.5MPa到8MPa之间,优选地在1MPa到5MPa之间,更优选地在1.0MPa到3.0MPa之间。惰性流化气体还用于散发由聚合反应产生的热量,且其适宜地选自氮或优选地选自饱和轻质烃(例如,丙烷、戊烷、己烷或其混合物)。
聚合物分子量可通过适当的氢量或任何其他合适的分子量调节剂(例如,ZnEt2)进行控制。在使用氢的情况下,氢/丙烯摩尔比通常在0.0002到0.5之间,其中,以存在于反应器中的气体的总体积计,丙烯单体的体积在20%到100%之间,优选地在30%到70%之间。进料混合物的剩余部分由惰性气体以及一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体(如果有的话)组成。
根据本公开,另一用于与本公开的催化剂一起使用的气相技术包括气相聚合装置的使用,该气相聚合装置包括至少两个互连聚合区域。工艺在第一、第二互连聚合区域中进行,丙烯和乙烯或丙烯和α-烯烃在催化剂体系的存在下进料至该区域中,并从该区域排出所制备的聚合物。生长的聚合物颗粒在快速流化条件下流动穿过聚合区域中的第一个(上升管),然后离开所述第一聚合区域,并进入第二聚合区域(降液管),其中,这些颗粒在重力的作用下以致密的形式流动穿过该第二聚合区域,然后离开第二聚合区域,并被再次引入第一聚合区域,从而建立起上述两个聚合区域之间的聚合物循环。通常而言,第一聚合区域中的快速流化条件通过在将生长的聚合物再次引入至第一聚合区域中的点的下方进料单体气体混合物来建立。进入第一聚合区域中的输送气体的速度高于操作条件下的输送速度,且其通常在2m/s到15m/s之间。在第二聚合区域(在该区域中,聚合物在重力的作用下以致密的形式流动)中,达到固体的高密度值,该值接近聚合物的体密度;因此,可沿着流动方向获得压力的正增大,从而使得能够在没有机械装置的帮助下将聚合物再次引入至第一反应区域中。如此,建立了一个“回路”循环,其由两个聚合区域之间的压力平衡以及引入至系统中的压头损失限定。同样在该实例中,在聚合区域中维持一种或多种惰性气体(例如,氮或脂肪烃),其量使得惰性气体的分压之和优选地在气体总压力的5%到80%之间。操作温度在50℃到85℃之间,优选地在60℃到85℃之间,而操作压力在0.5MPa到10MPa之间,优选地在1.5MPa到6MPa之间。优选地,在所述第一聚合区域的任意点处将催化剂组分进料至第一聚合区域中。然而,这些催化剂组分也可在第二聚合区域的任意点处进料。分子量调节剂的使用在前述条件下进行。通过使用在WO00/02929中描述的方法,可完全或部分防止存在于上升管中的气体混合物进入降液管;特别地,这优选地通过将具有与存在于上升管中的气体混合物不同的组成的气体和/或液体混合物引入至下行床中而实现。根据本发明特别有利的实施例,将所述具有与存在于上升管中的气体混合物不同的组成的气体和/或液体混合物引入至降液管中可有效地防止气体混合物进入降液管中。因此,可获得两个具有不同单体组成的互连聚合区域,并因此能够制备出具有不同性能的聚合物。
除了细小聚合物材料在分散阶段的低释放以外,本公开的预聚合催化剂组分还表现出在聚合期间确保减少或消除积垢问题的自熄性能。结合本申请,若在高于85℃的温度下的聚合活性为70%或以下,更优选地为65%或以下,最优选地为60%或以下(其为聚合活性在70℃下的值),可存在有令人满意的自熄性能水平。这一特性非常重要,因为引起积垢的原因之一可归咎于细小的成长颗粒,这些颗粒往往会沉积并静电粘附到反应器和热交换器的内壁上;因此,这些颗粒的尺寸因聚合而增大,这同样引起了绝缘效应和较低的热传递,进而导致热点形成在反应器中。然而,当温度升高时,如本公开的催化剂所实现的催化剂活性的显著降低使颗粒无法成长。
实例
给出了以下实例,以更好地举例说明本发明,而不以任何方式对其进行限制。
表征
X.I.的确定
将2.5g聚合物在135℃下搅拌30分钟使其溶解在250mL邻二甲苯中;随后,将溶液冷却至25℃,并在30分钟后过滤未溶解的聚合物。在氮气流中蒸发所得溶液;干燥残留物,并称重来确定可溶聚合物的百分比,然后通过差确定X.I.的百分比。
加合物、催化剂及预聚物的平均粒径
借助“Malvern Instr.2600”装置通过基于单色激光的光衍射原理的方法进行确定。平均粒径以P50给出。
熔体流动速率(MFR)
根据ISO1133(230℃,2.16Kg)进行确定
汞法孔隙率和表面积;
测量通过Carlo Erba的“孔隙率计2000系列”进行。
孔隙率通过汞在压力下的吸收来确定。对于该确定,使用了连接于汞储器和高真空泵(1·10-2m巴)的校准膨胀计(直径3mm)CD3(Carlo Erba)。将称重量的样品投入到该膨胀计内。然后,将该装置置于高度真空下(<0.1mmHg),并在这些条件下保持20分钟。该膨胀计随后连接于汞储器,并让汞缓慢流入,直至汞达到在膨胀计上标记的在10cm高度处的水平。关闭连接膨胀计与真空泵的阀门,然后用氮气将汞压力逐渐增加到140kg/cm2。在压力的作用下,汞进入孔隙内,且其水平根据材料的孔隙率下降。
由高达1μm的催化剂孔隙(聚合物孔隙为10μm)导致的孔隙率(cm3/g)、孔隙分布曲线以及平均孔隙尺寸通过积分孔隙分布曲线直接进行计算,其中该曲线为汞体积减少量和施加压力值的函数(所有这些数据由安装有C.Erba的“MILESTONE200/2.04”程序的与孔隙率计相关联的计算机提供和制作)。
倾泻体密度[g/cm3]:根据DIN-53194进行测量
天使头发形成测试
该测试在配备有双叶轮系统、具有显示器的马达和速度调节器以及恒温槽的搅拌器皿(体积为2.5L)中进行。这种类型的叶轮为具有45°角的倾斜叶片涡轮。叶轮与槽直径之间的比为0.6。按实例1所述制备的催化剂料浆被用来将反应器填充至65vol%。2m/s的外缘速度在40℃的温度下维持4个小时。
之后,停止搅拌,并通过筛孔尺寸为1mm的筛网对悬浮液进行筛分。用己烷对金属筛、器皿以及搅拌器进行清洗,直至没有材料被洗出。最后,对粘附在过滤器、器皿以及搅拌器的聚合材料进行干燥、收集并称重。
天使头发的量(5次测量的平均值)以所述聚合材料相对于装填料浆的总重量的重量百分比表示。
用于制备MgCl2·(EtOH)m加合物的一般步骤
微球状MgCl2·2.8C2H5OH的初始量根据第4,399,054号美国专利的实例2中所描述的方法进行制备,但操作转速设定为3000rpm,而非10000rpm。最终粒径确定为P50=28μm。
固体催化剂组分的制备——一般步骤
在室温和氮气气氛的条件下将1.0L的TiCl4引入至配备有机械搅拌器、冷却器和温度计的2.0L圆底烧瓶中。在-5℃的温度下进行冷却之后,在搅拌的同时加入50g按照一般步骤中公开的方法制备的微球状MgCl2·2.8C2H5OH。温度随后以0.4℃/min的速度从-5℃升高至40℃。当温度达到40℃时,引入2.8g 9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴来作为内部给体。添加结束时,温度以1.2℃/min的速度升高至100℃,并在该值下维持30分钟之后,停止搅拌,让固体产物沉降并将上清液虹吸抽出,进而将温度维持在100℃。去除上清液后,再添加0.7L新鲜TiCl4以及11.3g 9,9-双(甲氧基甲基)芴,混合物随后在109℃的条件下进行加热,并在该温度下维持30分钟。再次中断搅拌;让固体产物沉降并将上清液虹吸抽出,进而将温度维持在110℃。加入第三等分部分的新鲜TiCl4(0.7L),混合物在109℃下保持搅拌15分钟,随后将上清液虹吸抽出。在高达60℃的温度梯度下用无水异己烷清洗固体五次(5×1.0L),并在室温下清洗该固体一次(1.0L)。最后在真空下干燥该固体,并对其进行分析。催化剂组成:Mg=11.7wt%;Ti=3.7wt%;I.D.=15.7wt%;P50=27μm。
气相丙烯聚合的一般步骤
配备有再循环气体压缩机、热交换器以及自动温度控制器的流化床反应器被用来在气相中聚合丙烯。包含预聚合催化剂的催化剂泥浆进料至搅拌器皿中,同时,丙烷也连续进料至该器皿中。混合物在20℃下进行搅拌,并经由丙烯拾取器连续进料至气相反应器中。另外,在连续的恒定丙烯流中,其他反应物(即三乙基铝(TEAL)、作为外部给体的甲基-环己基二甲氧基硅烷(C MMS)以及氢(其用作为分子量调节剂))进料至聚合温度设定为75℃且压力设定为27barg的流化床反应器中。
对排出反应器的聚合物颗粒进行蒸汽处理以去除反应性单体和挥发性物质,然后对其干燥。
实例
实例1
预聚合催化剂的制备
在室温和氮气气氛的条件下将含有1.6g三正辛基铝(TNOA)的1L异己烷以及80g按如上所述制备的球形催化剂引入至具有机械锚式搅拌器的2L玻璃器皿/不锈钢高压釜中。搅拌速度设定为约500rpm,且内部温度在20分钟的时间周期内设定至20℃。在反应器的温度保持不变的情况下,乙烯以恒定的流量谨慎地引入约8个小时。当认为达到0.5g聚合物/g催化剂的理论转化率时,停止聚合。所得预聚合催化剂在室温下真空干燥,并进行分析。其含有0.52g聚乙烯/g固体催化剂(34%聚合物)。预聚物组成:Mg=8.4wt%;Ti=2.98wt%;I.D.=10.3wt%;P50=35μm。根据分别在70℃和90℃下进行的一般步骤,催化剂组分随后用于丙烯的双轮次气相聚合中。
预聚合催化剂悬浮液的制备
预聚合催化剂组分的料浆通过将催化剂干燥颗粒分散入Winog-70矿物油中并加入以干燥催化剂+己烷的重量计最终量为13wt%的己烷来进行制备。以料浆的总重量(催化剂+油+己烷)计,最终料浆浓度为干燥催化剂的30wt%。
对如此制得的悬浮液进行天使头发形成测试,且结果为0.1%。
实例2
催化剂组分按实例1中所述的方法进行制备,不同之处在于,当达到0.35g聚乙烯/g催化剂的理论转化率时,停止预聚合。
天使头发测试按实例1中所述的方法进行。结果显示,没有形成天使头发。
比较例1
催化剂组分按实例1中所述的方法进行制备,不同之处在于,当达到1g聚乙烯/g催化剂的理论转化率时,停止预聚合。
天使头发测试按实例1中所述的方法进行。结果显示,所形成的天使头发的量为1.4%。
聚合
已按照上文所公开的一般步骤将实例2和比较例1的预聚合催化剂组分用于丙烯的气相聚合中。具体的条件和结果如表1所示。
表1
Claims (12)
1.一种用于聚合烯烃的预聚合催化剂组分,所述预聚合催化剂组分包含含有Mg、Ti和氯原子的固体催化剂组分以及电子给体,所述预聚合催化剂组分的特征在于:
-所述电子给体包括以电子给体化合物的总摩尔量计至少80%mol的1,3-二醚;
-所述预聚合催化剂组分具有小于0.2 cm3/g的由直径至多1 µm的孔导致的孔隙率;
-所述预聚合催化剂组分包含以所述预聚合催化剂组分的总重量计在15 wt%到35 wt%之间的量的乙烯预聚物,其中Mg/Ti摩尔比在4到10之间;并且
-所述预聚合催化剂组分被分散入烃料浆中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其中所述电子给体/Mg摩尔比在0.030到0.20之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其中所述电子给体/Mg摩尔比在0.035到0.15之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其中所述固体催化剂组分具有在20 µm到100 µm之间的平均粒径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其中所述孔隙率小于0.15 cm3/g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其中所述孔隙率在0.05 cm3/g到0.10cm3/g之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的预聚合催化剂组分,其包含Ti-卤键和Mg卤化物。
10.一种用于聚合烯烃CH2=CHR的催化剂体系,其中,R为氢或具有1-12个碳原子的烃基基团,所述催化剂体系包含以下物质之间的反应产物:
(i)根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的预聚合催化剂组分,
(ii)烷基铝化合物,以及任选地
(iii)外部电子给体化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的催化剂体系,其中所述外部电子给体化合物选自式Ra 5Rb 6Si(OR7)c的硅化合物,在所述式中,a和b为0~2的整数,c为1~3的整数,且总和(a+b+c)为4;R5、R6和R7为具有1~18个碳原子的烷基、环烷基或芳基基团,任选地含有选自N、O、卤素和P的杂原子。
12.一种用于聚合CH2=CHR的烯烃的气相工艺,其中,R为氢或C1-C12烃基基团,所述气相工艺在根据权利要求10-11中任一项所述的催化剂体系的存在下进行。
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