CN107872994B - 机床 - Google Patents

机床 Download PDF

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CN107872994B
CN107872994B CN201680025951.1A CN201680025951A CN107872994B CN 107872994 B CN107872994 B CN 107872994B CN 201680025951 A CN201680025951 A CN 201680025951A CN 107872994 B CN107872994 B CN 107872994B
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clamping devices
machine tool
axes
tool according
rotation
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CN107872994A (zh
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马丁·许特曼
尼古劳斯·朗格尔特
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Ni GulaosiLanggeerte
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/54—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only
    • B23Q1/5406—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/5425—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4804—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/52—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/522—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism a single rotating pair which is perpendicular to the working surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/50—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/54—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only
    • B23Q1/5406—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with rotating pairs only, the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two rotating pairs only a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q37/00—Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinations; Units therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/028—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q2039/002—Machines with twin spindles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305824—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation with angular movement of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/306776—Axially
    • Y10T409/307168—Plural cutters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/306664—Milling including means to infeed rotary cutter toward work
    • Y10T409/307672—Angularly adjustable cutter head
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30784—Milling including means to adustably position cutter
    • Y10T409/308512—Compound angular adjustment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/309576—Machine frame

Abstract

用于计算机控制地加工工件的机床，带有机架(1)和至少两个彼此可移动调节地被保持的夹紧设备(2,3)，以夹紧设备(2,3)中的其中一个构造成至少一个工件容纳部且以相应地另一夹紧设备(2或者3)构造成至少一个刀具容纳部。夹紧设备(2,3)相应地经由带有至少两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴(6‑9)的回转机构(4,5)被可调节移动地保持在机架(1)中。在夹紧设备(2,3)中的至少一个与机架(1)之间构造有至少一个直线引导部(10)。

Description

机床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于计算机控制地加工工件的机床，带有机架和至少两个彼此可移动调节地被保持的夹紧设备，其中，以夹紧设备中的其中一个构造成至少一个工件容纳部且以相应地另一夹紧设备构造成至少一个刀具容纳部。
背景技术
已知的装置用于工件的机械切断、添加和涂层，其中，为了执行这些生产工艺在工件容纳部与刀具容纳部之间待执行的主运动和进给运动经由直线和转动引导部实现。已知的装置为此经常具有构造在十字工作台(Kreuztisch)上的工件容纳部和构造在可摆动的加工头(Bearbeitungskopf)处的刀具容纳部(例如以马达主轴的形式)。然而同样是已知的这样的装置，在其中工件容纳部或刀具容纳部在机械臂处移动。十字工作台或机械臂的使用然而不利地要求较大的运动空间，其用于保护免受污染或用于实现工作安全性的封罩(Kapselung)是复杂的。同样地，十字工作台或机械臂的使用与较大的移动距离相联系，其引起对工作速度和构件刚度的负担。十字工作台或机械臂的足够刚性的设计然而是复杂的且因此与不利地较高的制造成本相联系。
发明内容
因此，本发明基于如下目的，即，说明一种机床，其结构的尺寸在相同功率范围的情形中被显著缩小。
根据本发明，该目的通过一种带有专利权利要求1的特征的机床来实现。本发明的有利的改进方案在参考专利权利要求1的从属权利要求中进行说明。
根据本发明的机床的特征在于，夹紧设备相应地经由带有至少两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴的回转机构被可移动调节地保持在机架中，且在夹紧设备中的至少一个与机架之间构造有至少一个直线引导部。以其转动轴的串联，回转机构相应地具有经由第一转动轴被支撑在机架中的第一调节单元以及相应地具有经由第二转动轴被支撑在第一调节单元处的第二调节单元。该直线引导部用于在两个夹紧设备之间独立于由回转机构所承担的转动位置的距离调节，从而使得该直线引导部取代适合用于调节在夹紧设备之间的距离的任意引导部处在本发明的范畴中。利用两个回转机构和直线引导部的在运动技术上的共同作用，在工件容纳部与刀具容纳部之间可在电脑控制的流程中产生所有对于驶过任意几何轮廓所必要的相对运动。因此，这些相对运动不仅使得工件和刀具在工作空间内的定位而且使得工件和刀具彼此的对齐成为可能。通过叠加以回转机构在最狭窄的空间上可实施的旋转运动，在工件与刀具之间所产生的相对运动相对较大，从而使得根据本发明的机床有利地较紧凑地构建且使得有利地较大的工作速度的行进成为可能。
根据本发明的第一种改进方案，直线引导部构造在夹紧设备的其中一个与保持夹紧设备的回转机构之间。因此，经由直线引导部待移动的质量被有利地限制到夹紧设备包括和其待容纳在其中的工件或刀具的质量上。待相应设计的直线引导部较简单地来定尺寸且因此使得有利地较大的工作速度的行进成为可能。然而显然处在该发明的范畴中的是，直线引导部构造在回转机构的其中一个的转动轴之间或其被放入到在机架中的回转机构之间。
根据本发明的一种特别优选的改进方案，在相互横贯的转动轴之间相应地构造有直角。其它的角度原则上是可能的，然而对于计算机控制的加工而言必要的控制流程的编程将不必要地复杂化。
此外优选设置成，构造在机架与回转机构之间的转动轴彼此平行地定向。其它的定向原则上虽然是可能的，然而对于计算机控制的加工而言必要的控制流程的编程同样将不必要地复杂化。
根据本发明的下一种改进方案，机床具有多于两个被彼此可移动调节地保持的夹紧设备，其中，其回转机构中的至少一个布置在中间且相应地其他回转机构分布地布置在在中间布置的回转机构的边缘处。如果以布置在中间的回转机构的夹紧设备构造成刀具容纳部且以边缘的夹紧设备相应地构造工件容纳部，在工件容纳部的至少一个处可执行工件更换，而已被夹紧在相应地其他工件容纳部中的工件利用布置在中间的刀具容纳部的刀具来加工。以该方式可显著缩短工装时间(Rüstzeit)。然而不同地，如果以布置在中间的回转机构的夹紧设备构造工件容纳部且以边缘的夹紧设备相应地构造成刀具容纳部，刀具容纳部可装备有不同的刀具，而被夹紧在中间的工件容纳部中的工件在飞速变换中被由边缘布置的刀具容纳部的不同刀具加工。以该方式同样可显著缩短工装时间。在一种设计方案中可想象的是，布置在中间的回转机构的边缘处的回转机构根据已知的旋转工位机器(Rundtaktmaschine)的形式在环形轨道上被引导。
根据本发明的另一改进方案，夹紧设备中的至少一个具有至少一个用于执行切削运动的马达主轴。在旋转的切削刀具的情况中，构造成刀具容纳部的夹紧设备作为所谓的刀具接口是马达主轴的部分。在构造成车刀(Drehmeissel)的刀具的情况中，构造工件容纳部的夹紧设备构造成车床卡盘。当两个夹紧设备关联有用于执行切削运动的旋转驱动器时，根据本发明的机床覆盖了有利地较宽范围的加工。
为了尽可能简单地设计对于计算机控制地加工工件必要的控制流程，以回转机构中的至少一个的相互横贯的转动轴构造成十字轴。如果夹紧设备中的其中一个具有马达主轴，以其转动轴且以容纳马达主轴的回转机构的相互横贯的转动轴构造成轴结点。对于位于夹紧设备之间的工作空间的尽可能靠近轴的构造而言，经由第一转动轴被可转动地支撑在机架中的第一调节单元优选实施成曲柄轴或曲柄轴端(Wellenstummel)。
附图说明
在附图中示出本发明的实施例，由其得出另外的发明特征。其中：
图1：显示了在第一实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图；
图2：显示了在第二实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图；
图3： 显示了在第三实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图；
图4： 显示了在第四实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图；且
图5： 显示了在第五实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了带有机架1和两个别彼此可移动调节地保持的夹紧设备2,3的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图，其中，以夹紧设备2构造成工件容纳部且以夹紧设备3构造成刀具容纳部。夹紧设备2,3相应地经由带有两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴6,7或者8,9的回转机构4,5被可移动调节地保持在机架1中。在夹紧设备3与机架1之间构造有直线引导部10，其布置在夹紧设备3与保持该夹紧设备的回转机构5之间。在相互横贯的转动轴6,7或者8,9之间相应地布置有直角，而在机架1与回转机构4,5之间构造的转动轴6,8彼此平行地定向。夹紧设备3具有用于以被夹紧在夹紧设备3中的刀具12执行切削运动的马达主轴11。以回转机构4的相互横贯的转动轴6,7构造成十字轴13，而以马达主轴11的转动轴14且以容纳马达主轴11的回转机构5的相互横贯的转动轴8,9构造成轴结点15。以其转动轴6,7或者8,9的串联，回转机构4,5相应地具有经由转动轴6,8被支撑在机架1中的第一调节单元16,17以及相应地具有经由转动轴7,9被支撑在第一调节单元16或者17处的第二调节单元18,19。对于位于夹紧设备2,3之间的工作空间的尽可能靠近轴的构造而言，被支撑在机架1中的第一调节单元16,17构造成双重曲柄轴。第二调节单元18,19为了容纳夹紧设备2,3构造成转动盘。
图2显示了在第二实施例中的根据本发明的透视性的原理草图，在其中该机床具有机架20和三个彼此可移动调节地被保持的夹紧设备21,22,23，其中，以夹紧设备21,22相应地构造成工件容纳部且以夹紧设备23构造成刀具容纳部。夹紧设备21,22,23相应地经由带有两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴27,28或者29,30或者31,32的回转机构24,25,26 被可移动调节地保持在机架20中。在夹紧设备23与机架20之间构造有直线引导部33，其布置在夹紧设备23与保持该夹紧设备的回转机构26之间。同样地此处在相互横贯的转动轴27,28或者29,30或者31,32之间相应地构造有直角，而在机架20与回转机构24,25,26之间构造的转动轴27,29,31同样彼此平行地定向。构造成刀具容纳部的夹紧设备23的回转机构26具有中央的布置，而两个另外的回转机构24,25在布置在中央的回转机构26的下部边缘处分布地布置。构造成刀具容纳部的夹紧设备23具有用于以被夹紧在夹紧设备23中的刀具35执行切削运动的马达主轴34。以回转机构24,25的相互横贯的转动轴27,28或者29,30相应地构造成十字轴36,37，以马达主轴34的转动轴31,32且以容纳马达主轴34的回转机构26的相互横贯的转动轴31,32构造成轴结点29。以其转动轴27,28或者29,30或者31,32的串联，回转机构24,25,26相应地具有经由转动轴27,29,31被支撑在机架20中的第一调节单元40,41,42以及相应地具有经由转动轴28,30,32被支撑在第一调节单元40,41,42处的第二调节单元43,44,45。第一调节单元40,41,42相应构造成曲柄轴端，而第二调节单元43,44,45相应地构造成转动盘。
图3显示了在第三实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图，在其中机床具有机架46和四个被彼此可移动调节地保持的夹紧设备47,48,49,50，其中，以夹紧设备47,49相应地构造成工件容纳部且以夹紧设备48,50相应地构造成刀具容纳部。夹紧设备47,48,49,50相应地经由带有两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴55,56或者57,58或者55,59或者57,60的回转机构51,52,53,54被可移动调节地保持在机架46中。在两个构造成刀具容纳部的夹紧设备48,50中的每个与机架46之间构造有直线引导部61或者62，其布置在夹紧设备48或者50与保持该夹紧设备48或者50的回转机构52或者54之间。回转机构52,54经由共同的转动轴57被联接在一起，而回转机构51,53经由共同的转动轴55被联接在一起。利用其转动轴55,56或者57,58或者55,59或者57,60的串联，回转机构51,52,53,54相应地具有经由转动轴55,57被支撑在机架46中的第一调节单元63或者64以及相应地经由转动轴56,58,59,60被支撑在第一调节单元63,64处的第二调节单元65,66,67,68。两个第一调节单元63,64相应地构造成双重曲柄轴，而以两对相应地在双重曲柄轴的其中一个处被铰接的第二调节单元65,66,67,68相应地实施成转动盘。
图4同样显示了根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图，然而针对第四个此处较不详尽地描述的实施例。在该实施例中，机床具有构造成基板的机架69和两个被彼此可移动调节地保持的夹紧设备70,71，其中，以夹紧设备70构造成工件容纳部且以夹紧设备71构造成刀具容纳部。以其转动轴的串联，回转机构相应地具有经由转动轴被支撑在机架69中的第一调节单元74,75以及相应地经由转动轴被支撑在第一调节单元74,75处的第二调节单元76,77。在该实施例中，第一调节单元74构造成双点轴支承而第一调节单元75构造成单曲柄轴端。关联于夹紧设备70的第二调节单元76构造成用于工件的容纳轴，而关联于夹紧设备71的第二调节单元77又实施成转动盘。
同样，图5显示了然而在第五个同样较不详尽地描述的实施例中的根据本发明的机床的透视性的原理草图。此处，机床具有构造成框架机构的机架78和两个被彼此可移动调节地保持的夹紧设备79,80，其中，以夹紧设备79构造成工件容纳部且以夹紧设备80构造成刀具容纳部。以其转动轴的串联，回转机构同样此处相应地具有经由转动轴被支撑在机架78中的第一调节单元81,82以及相应地具有经由转动轴被支撑在第一调节单元81,82处的第二调节单元83,84。在该实施例中，两个第一调节单元81,82实施成曲柄轴端且两个第二调节单元83,84实施成转动盘。
所有在上面的说明中且在权利要求中提及的特征可以任意的选择与独立权利要求的特征组合。本发明的公开内容因此不被限制于所描述的或者被要求保护的特征组合，而是所有在本发明的框架中有意义的特征组合都被看作是公开的。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于计算机控制地加工工件的机床，带有机架和彼此可移动调节地被保持的至少两个夹紧设备，其中，以所述夹紧设备中的其中一个构造成至少一个工件容纳部且以另一夹紧设备构造成至少一个刀具容纳部，
其特征在于，
所述至少两个夹紧设备(2,3;21-23)相应地经由带有至少两个串联的且相互横贯的转动轴(6-9;27-32)的回转机构(4,5;24-26)被可调节移动地保持在所述机架(1;20)中，且
在所述夹紧设备(2,3;21-23)中的至少一个与所述机架(1;20)之间构造有至少一个直线引导部(10;33)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机床，其特征在于，所述直线引导部(10,33)构造在所述夹紧设备(2,3;21-23)中的其中一个与保持所述夹紧设备的回转机构(4,5;24-26)之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床，其特征在于，在每个所述夹紧设备的所述相互横贯的转动轴(6-9;27-32)之间相应地构造有直角。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床，其特征在于，所述相互横贯的转动轴(6-9;27-32)的构造在所述机架(1;20)与所述回转机构(4,5;24-26)之间的转动轴(6,8;27,29,31)彼此平行地定向。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床，其特征在于，其具有多于两个彼此可移动调节地被保持的夹紧设备(21-23)，其中，其回转机构(24-26)中的至少一个布置在中央，且其它回转机构(24,25)分布地布置于布置在中央的所述回转机构(26)的边缘处。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床，其特征在于，所述夹紧设备(2,3;21-23)中的至少一个具有至少一个用于执行切削运动的马达主轴(11;34)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床，其特征在于，以所述回转机构(4,5;24-26)中的至少一个的相互横贯的转动轴(6-9;27-32)构造成十字轴(13,36;37)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的机床，其特征在于，由马达主轴(11;34)的转动轴(14;38)和容纳所述马达主轴(11;34)的回转机构(5;26)的相互横贯的转动轴(6-9;27-32)形成了轴结点(15;39)。
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