CN107859699B - 制动器 - Google Patents

制动器 Download PDF

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CN107859699B
CN107859699B CN201610859165.3A CN201610859165A CN107859699B CN 107859699 B CN107859699 B CN 107859699B CN 201610859165 A CN201610859165 A CN 201610859165A CN 107859699 B CN107859699 B CN 107859699B
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oil
oil cylinder
brake
floating
oil seal
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CN107859699A (zh
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林勇
谢建萍
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/14Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/12Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
    • B60T13/22Brakes applied by springs or weights and released hydraulically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/581Combined or convertible systems both hydraulic and pneumatic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D59/00Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed
    • F16D59/02Self-acting brakes, e.g. coming into operation at a predetermined speed spring-loaded and adapted to be released by mechanical, fluid, or electromagnetic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00Parts or details
    • F16D65/14Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
    • F16D2121/06Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure for releasing a normally applied brake
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F16D2125/023Pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F16D2125/026Pressure-to-pressure converters, e.g. hydropneumatic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F16D2125/04Cylinders
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/02Fluid-pressure mechanisms
    • F16D2125/08Seals, e.g. piston seals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2127/00Auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2127/02Release mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2129/00Type of operation source for auxiliary mechanisms
    • F16D2129/02Fluid-pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种制动器,涉及矿井提升机、汽车、高速动车等使用的中大型盘形制动器,用气弹簧代替碟形弹簧,同样始终施加给刹车片正压力,既保证、且提高了刹车可靠性、单位面积正压力,同时解决了碟形弹簧变形与弹力变化巨大、突然破裂失压、不便监测、制造困难等一系列问题,制动器采取制动头浮动结构,降低了对制动盘端面跳动要求,对安装制动头支架要求不高,用油气联动柱塞泵取代液压站的方式,大大降低了生产成本,节约了能耗,是现矿井提升机、汽车、高速动车等所使用的中大型盘形制动器理想升级换代产品。

Description

制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿井提升机、高速动车等所使用的中大型盘形制动器。
背景技术
现世界上矿井提升机、高速动车等所使用的盘形制动器,均由制动器、液压站、电控这三个系统组成,碟形弹簧提供给刹车片正压力,刹车片与制动盘产生摩擦力来制动。其工作原则是:液压站泄压制动,加压松闸。该系统存在不理想是:碟形弹簧(参见说明书附图15)对变形会导致弹力变化巨大,它对材质、机加工、热处理工艺要求高,且在工作过程中有碟形弹簧破裂现象不便监测。因结构特性,目前生产的矿井提升机碟形弹簧盘形制动器最大正压力为100000牛顿,由中信重工制造,液压站系统复杂,造价高,且在提升机、高速动车运行时始终工作,液压泵不能停,电机绝大部分时间是在做无用功。以中信重工制造的5米直径卷筒提升机为例,制动器头多达20只(10对),造价超过60万元,液压站造价超过60万元,液压泵电机4千瓦,日夜运转,给用户增加了一定负担,且浪费了资源。
本发明制动器,它由高压氮气缸提供给刹车片正压力,高压氮气缸可方便地制造出来,氮气缸活塞位移对弹力变化影响小(参见说明书附图15),只需方便地改变注入氮气压力,就可精确地给出刹车片所获得的正压力。高压氮气缸当作气弹簧,它对材质、加工工艺要求不高,对于油封,它的工作压力不超过8兆帕,通常,油封许用工作压力可达38兆帕,该制动器油封工作压力远低于38兆帕,且行程短、速度慢,可保证长期使用,只需定期(五年以上)更换油封即可,加上该氮气缸只有一进气通道,并设有单向阀,即便拆除进气管及相关螺栓、螺母,仍能确保氮气缸内高压氮气不漏,刹车片始终有预设的正压力,随时能制动。即便在运行中有高压氮气泄漏,首先有氮气瓶补充,具备了相当长时间内仍存在正压力,二有仪器方便监测,可以及时处理,除因火烧、爆炸等极端状况才会突然失压(该状况碟形弹簧一样失效),碟形弹簧则不然,它会突然破裂,因此,高压氮气缸当作气弹簧,其可靠性不低于碟形弹簧,只会高于它。
鉴于上述高压氮气缸特性,对于矿用提升机来讲,只需生产一种规格尺寸制动器,就可全部代替所有碟形弹簧制动器,目前碟形弹簧制动器有正压力10000——100000牛顿之间多种规格。以提升机用制动器工作缸内径200毫米为例,一般氮气瓶内储氮气压力12兆帕,许用0-8兆帕,它可以产生200×200×3.14÷4×(0-8)=0-251200牛顿作用于刹车片正压力,唯一不通用的是设有阻尼孔的液压油管接头这个零件,并且,该氮气缸压力的变化能方便监测。采用油气联动柱塞泵提供刹车片制动、松开动力,取代液压站。本发明制动器所用的压缩空气可直接接上矿厂、高速动车本身空压站管路,也可配一台空压机,由于空压机有贮气筒,因此,空压机电机无需连续工作,节约能耗,其成本不到液压站的十分之一。
对于原提升机用碟形弹簧制动器,由于自身变形量少特性限制,它只能单独每只分别固定在底座上,不能随动,因此,对提升机卷筒制动盘的端面跳动要求高,同样,对底座安装要求也高。而本发明制动器,它支撑制动头的浮动支架是随动的,对制动盘的端面跳动要求低,对底座安装要求也低。因此,本发明制动器是原碟形弹簧制动器理想的更新换代产品。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种矿井提升机、高速动车等所使用的制动器。
它由螺栓1、副制动头2、刹车片3、支撑座4、浮动支架5、主制动头6、液压油管路7、氮气管路8、油气联动柱塞泵9、氮气瓶10、销轴11、盖板12、弹簧a13、浮动限位油缸14、垫圈15、挡板a16、浮动限位油缸活塞杆17、浮动限位油缸盖板18、油封a19、油封b20、单向阀芯21、弹簧b22、油封c23、轴用弹性挡圈a24、液压油25、浮动限位油缸活塞26、浮动限位油缸筒27、油封d28、浮动限位油缸后盖29、螺母a30、氮气缸活塞31、高压氮气32、高压氮气缸筒33、螺母b34、油封e35、油封f36、油封g37、液压油管接头38、隔板39、主制动头轴40、主制动头活塞41、油封h42、主制动头油缸筒43、行程限位油缸44、高压氮气管接头45、挡板b46、弹簧c47、行程限位油缸轴48、油封j49、行程限位油缸筒50、钢珠51、轴用弹性挡圈b52、油封k53、行程限位油缸盖54、顶紧螺杆55、行程限位油缸活塞56、氮气单向阀体57、油封m58、柱塞油缸盖59、柱塞油缸筒60、柱塞61、油封n62、气缸盖63、气缸筒64、柱塞顶杆65、气缸活塞66、油封p67、压缩空气68、气缸筒后盖69、进气调压阀70、放气调压阀71、油封q72等零部件构成。
制动盘73是矿井提升机、高速动车等固有零部件,不属于本发明制动器。
现碟形弹簧制动器由制动头74、碟形弹簧75、缸套76、油封r77、油缸体78、活塞79、油封s80、拧紧螺母81、螺母d82等零部件组成。
本发明制动器特征是:刹车片3始终承受高压氮气32施加的正压力,刹车片3制动、松开通过油气联动柱塞泵9来完成。浮动支架5在两根销轴11约束下只能沿销轴11轴线方向左右移动,一个自由度,浮动支架5在弹簧a13、浮动限位油缸14的约束下每次制动、松开实现相对主制动头6上的刹车片3二分之一行程位移,确保两片刹车片3与制动盘73间隙相同,浮动支架5在两片刹车片3每次刹车微小磨损后可向主制动头6一侧移动二倍磨损距离,并在浮动限位油缸14的约束下锁定。主制动头6侧刹车片3在行程限位油缸44约束下只能松开一定行程。行程限位油缸44在挡板b46、弹簧c47、行程限位油缸轴48、油封j49、行程限位油缸筒50、钢珠51、轴用弹性挡圈b52、油封k53、行程限位油缸盖54、顶紧螺杆55的共同作用下随着刹车片3磨损跟进,不能回缩,只有当更换新刹车片3,松开顶紧螺杆55方可回缩。油气联动柱塞泵9是由压缩空气68通过进气调压阀70进入设置的空腔推动气缸活塞66、气缸活塞66推动柱塞顶杆65、柱塞顶杆65推动柱塞61、柱塞61压缩液压油25注入主制动头6设置的进油腔,松开刹车片3,油气联动柱塞泵9通过放气调压阀71排气,液压油25在高压氮气32作用下流回柱塞油缸筒60中,刹车片3制动。
本发明工作原理:
本发明制动器工作原理是:需制动盘73停止转动时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵9之放气调压阀71排放部分压缩空气68,同时关闭进气调压阀70,使刹车片3以一定压力贴紧制动盘73,产生制动力,并使之柔和停转,当遇紧急情况需制动时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵9之放气调压阀71排气全开,同时关闭进气调压阀70,刹车片3以设定最大压力贴紧制动盘73,并使之迅速停转。制动状态下需松开刹车片3时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵9之进气调压阀70开启,同时关闭放气调压阀71,充入一定压力压缩空气68,充入压力能松开刹车片3即可,并保持该压力。
附图说明
附图1所示是本发明制动器正视图
附图2所示是本发明侧视图
附图3所示是本发明俯视图
附图4所示是本发明A-A剖面视图
附图5所示是本发明A-A剖面中M局部放大视图,图中所示S为主制动头6上刹车片3行程
附图6所示是本发明浮动限位油缸14全剖面视图,图中所示S为主制动头6上刹车片3行程
附图7所示是本发明单向阀芯21全剖面视图
附图8所示是本发明单向阀芯21侧视图
附图9所示是本发明B-B剖面视图,图中所示G为制动盘73厚度
附图10所示是本发明行程限位油缸44全剖面视图,图中所示S为主制动头6上刹车片3行程
附图11所示是本发明B-B剖面中N局部放大视图
附图12所示是本发明B-B剖面中R局部放大视图,图中所示G为液压油管接头38阻尼孔径
附图13所示是本发明气联动柱塞泵9全剖面视图
附图14所示是现碟形弹簧制动器全剖面参考图
附图15所示是碟型弹簧与气弹簧特性曲线参考图
具体实施方式
本发明制动器装配关系就是本发明专利实施方式,其装配关系是:
用螺栓1将副制动头2、刹车片3、主制动头6连接在浮动支架5上,浮动支架5用两根销轴11与支撑座4铰接,液压油管路7一端与主制动头6相应接口连接,另一端与油气联动柱塞泵9连接,氮气管路8一端与主制动头6相应接口连接,另一端与氮气瓶10连接。
相关部件装配关系是:
主制动头6用螺栓1与浮动支架5连接,上方液压油管接头38与液压油管路7连接,下面高压氮气管接头45与氮气管路8连接,刹车片3用螺栓或燕尾槽与氮气缸活塞31连接。主制动头6由刹车片3、液压油25、氮气缸活塞31、高压氮气32、高压氮气缸筒33、螺母b34、油封e35、油封f36、油封g37、液压油管接头38、隔板39、主制动头轴40、主制动头活塞41、油封h42、主制动头油缸筒43、行程限位油缸44、高压氮气管接头45这些零件组成。其装配关系是:刹车片3用螺栓或燕尾槽连接在氮气缸活塞31上,氮气缸活塞31套上油封e35,主制动头轴40螺纹端旋入氮气缸活塞31螺孔中,拧紧螺母b34。隔板39上方钻进油孔与液压油25腔相通,装上油封g37,拧紧液压油管接头38,下面钻进气孔与高压氮气32腔相通,左侧焊接高压氮气缸筒33,右侧焊接主制动头油缸筒43,中孔套上油封f36,进气孔中装入油封b20、单向阀芯21、氮气单向阀体57、油封m58、油封g37,拧紧高压氮气管接头45。氮气缸活塞31、油封e35、螺母b34与主制动头轴40组成一体套入隔板39中孔,装上主制动头活塞41、油封e35、油封h42,拧紧螺母b34。
行程限位油缸44与主制动头6用螺栓连接,它由油封b20、单向阀芯21、弹簧b22、液压油25、挡板b46、弹簧c47、行程限位油缸轴48、油封j49、行程限位油缸筒50、钢珠51、轴用弹性挡圈b52、油封k53、行程限位油缸盖54、顶紧螺杆55、行程限位油缸活塞56这些零件组成。其装配关系是:行程限位油缸活塞56装上油封b20、单向阀芯21、弹簧b22、油封j49、油封k53,一起套在行程限位油缸轴48上,卡上轴用弹性挡圈b52,约束行程限位油缸活塞56只能绕轴心回转一个自由度,行程限位油缸轴48中孔放入钢珠51,旋入顶紧螺杆55,然后一起装进已套好油封j49的行程限位油缸筒50中,在行程限位油缸轴48阶梯轴端依次装好挡板b46、弹簧c47,戴上螺母拧紧,盖上已套好油封j49、油封k53的行程限位油缸盖54,并拧紧螺栓,从注油孔中加满液压油25,排尽空气,堵死注油孔。弹簧c47之预紧力大于装配好后行程限位油缸轴48外伸开启力。
浮动限位油缸14通过自身后端螺纹固定在支撑座4相应孔中,它由盖板12、弹簧a13、垫圈15、挡板a16、浮动限位油缸活塞杆17、浮动限位油缸盖板18、油封a19、油封b20、单向阀芯21、弹簧b22、油封c23、轴用弹性挡圈a24、液压油25、浮动限位油缸活塞26、浮动限位油缸筒27、油封d28、浮动限位油缸后盖29、螺母a30这些零件组成。其装配关系是:将两套油封b20、单向阀芯21、弹簧b22分别一正一反装入浮动限位油缸活塞26上相应孔中,油封a19套在浮动限位油缸活塞26相应槽中,浮动限位油缸活塞杆17套上油封c23装入浮动限位油缸活塞26中孔,装上两只轴用弹性挡圈a24,约束浮动限位油缸活塞26只能绕轴心回转一个自由度,浮动限位油缸活塞杆17阶梯轴端装已套好油封a19、油封d28的浮动限位油缸盖板18,浮动限位油缸活塞杆17另一端装已套好油封a19、油封d28的浮动限位油缸后盖板29,然后装上浮动限位油缸筒27,并与浮动限位油缸盖板18、浮动限位油缸后盖板29固定,通过注油孔注满液压油25并排尽空气,将注油孔堵死。依次将弹簧a13、盖板12、挡板a16、垫圈15、螺母a30装上,用螺栓将盖板12、挡板a16固定在浮动支架5上。弹簧b22预紧力需锁住压油25在弹簧a13装配好后不会在浮动限位油缸活塞26左右两腔交换。挡板a16与盖板12焊接,弹簧a13装配好后,预紧力小于浮动限位油缸14之浮动限位油缸活塞杆17外伸开启力,需有效地顶浮动支架5移动即可。
油气联动柱塞泵9之柱塞油缸筒60端通过液压油管路7、液压油管接头38与主制动头6通联,另一端通过进气调压阀70与外接压缩空气管路通联。它由液压油25、柱塞油缸盖59、柱塞油缸筒60、柱塞61、油封n62、气缸盖63、气缸筒64、柱塞顶杆65、气缸活塞66、油封p67、压缩空气68、气缸筒后盖69、进气调压阀70、放气调压阀71、油封q72等零部件组成,其装配关系是:气缸盖63分别与柱塞油缸筒60、气缸筒64焊接,液压油管接头38连接在柱塞油缸筒60端,柱塞61套上油封n62装入柱塞油缸筒60中。柱塞顶杆65与气缸活塞66螺纹连接或焊接,套上油封p67一同装入气缸筒64中。油封q72置于气缸筒64端部相应油封槽中,用螺栓将气缸筒后盖69连接在气缸筒64上,装上进气调压阀70、放气调压阀71。柱塞油缸筒60工作腔中注满液压油25,排尽空气。

Claims (3)

1.一种制动器,包括副制动头(2)、刹车片(3)、支撑座(4)、浮动支架(5)、主制动头(6)、液压油管路(7)、氮气管路(8)、油气联动柱塞泵(9)、氮气瓶(10);其特征是,刹车片(3)分别固定在主制动头(6)、副制动头(2)上,主、副制动头均固定在浮动支架(5)上,浮动支架(5)用两根销轴(11)与支撑座(4)铰接,液压油管路(7)一端与主制动头(6)相应接口连接,另一端与油气联动柱塞泵(9)连接,氮气管路(8)一端与主制动头(6)相应接口连接,另一端与氮气瓶(10)连接;主制动头(6)包括液压油(25)、氮气缸活塞(31)、高压氮气(32)、高压氮气缸筒(33)、螺母b(34)、油封e(35)、油封f(36)、油封g(37)、液压油管接头(38)、隔板(39)、主制动头轴(40)、主制动头活塞(41)、油封h(42)、主制动头油缸筒(43)、行程限位油缸(44)、高压氮气管接头(45),刹车片(3)用螺栓或燕尾槽连接在氮气缸活塞(31)上,氮气缸活塞(31)套上油封e(35),主制动头轴(40)螺纹端旋入氮气缸活塞(31)螺孔中,拧紧螺母b(34),隔板(39)上方钻进油孔与液压油(25)腔相通,装上油封g(37),拧紧液压油管接头(38),下面钻进气孔与高压氮气(32)腔相通,左侧焊接高压氮气缸筒(33),右侧焊接主制动头油缸筒(43),中孔套上油封f(36),进气孔中装入油封b(20)、单向阀芯(21)、氮气单向阀体(57)、油封m(58)、油封g(37),拧紧高压氮气管接头(45),氮气缸活塞(31)、油封e(35)、螺母b(34)与主制动头轴(40)组成一体套入隔板(39)中孔,装上主制动头活塞(41)、油封e(35)、油封h(42),拧紧螺母b(34),主制动头(6)上方液压油管接头(38)与液压油管路(7)连接,下面高压氮气管接头(45)与氮气管路(8)连接,刹车片(3)用螺栓或燕尾槽与氮气缸活塞(31)连接;油气联动柱塞泵(9)包括液压油(25)、柱塞油缸盖(59)、柱塞油缸筒(60)、柱塞(61)、油封n(62)、气缸盖(63)、气缸筒(64)、柱塞顶杆(65)、气缸活塞(66)、油封p(67)、压缩空气(68)、气缸筒后盖(69)、进气调压阀(70)、放气调压阀(71)、油封q(72),气缸盖(63)分别与柱塞油缸筒(60)、气缸筒(64)焊接,液压油管接头(38)连接在柱塞油缸筒(60)端,柱塞(61)套上油封n(62)装入柱塞油缸筒(60)中,柱塞顶杆(65)与气缸活塞(66)螺纹连接或焊接,套上油封p(67)一同装入气缸筒(64)中,油封q(72)置于气缸筒(64)端部相应油封槽中,用螺栓将气缸筒后盖(69)连接在气缸筒(64)上,装上进气调压阀(70)、放气调压阀(71),柱塞油缸筒(60)工作腔中注满液压油(25),排尽空气,油气联动柱塞泵(9)之柱塞油缸筒(60)端通过液压油管路(7)、液压油管接头(38)与主制动头(6)通联,另一端通过进气调压阀(70)与外接压缩空气管路通联;需制动盘(73)制动时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵(9)之放气调压阀(71)排放部分压缩空气(68),同时关闭进气调压阀(70),使刹车片(3)以一定压力贴紧制动盘(73),产生制动力,并使之柔和停转,当遇紧急情况需制动时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵(9)之放气调压阀(71)排气全开,同时关闭进气调压阀(70),刹车片(3)以设定最大压力贴紧制动盘(73),并使之迅速停转;制动状态下需松开刹车片(3)时,系统指令油气联动柱塞泵(9)之进气调压阀(70)开启,同时关闭放气调压阀(71),充入一定压力压缩空气(68),充入压力能松开刹车片(3)即可,并保持该压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制动器,其特征是:行程限位油缸(44)与主制动头(6)用螺栓连接,它包括油封b(20)、单向阀芯(21)、弹簧b(22)、液压油(25)、挡板b(46)、弹簧c(47)、行程限位油缸轴(48)、油封j(49)、行程限位油缸筒(50)、钢珠(51)、轴用弹性挡圈b(52)、油封k(53)、行程限位油缸盖(54)、顶紧螺杆(55)、行程限位油缸活塞(56);行程限位油缸活塞(56)装上油封b(20)、单向阀芯(21)、弹簧b(22)、油封j(49)、油封k(53),一起套在行程限位油缸轴(48)上,卡上轴用弹性挡圈b(52),约束行程限位油缸活塞(56)只能绕轴心回转一个自由度,行程限位油缸轴(48)中孔放入钢珠(51),旋入顶紧螺杆(55),然后一起装进已套好油封j(49)的行程限位油缸筒(50)中,在行程限位油缸轴(48)阶梯轴端依次装好挡板b(46)、弹簧c(47),戴上螺母拧紧,盖上已套好油封j(49)、油封k(53)的行程限位油缸盖(54),并拧紧螺栓,从注油孔中加满液压油(25),排尽空气,堵死注油孔;弹簧c(47)之预紧力大于装配好后行程限位油缸轴(48)外伸开启力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制动器,其特征是:还包括浮动限位油缸(14)通过自身后端螺纹固定在支撑座(4)相应孔中,它包括盖板(12)、弹簧a(13)、垫圈(15)、挡板a(16)、浮动限位油缸活塞杆(17)、浮动限位油缸盖板(18)、油封a(19)、油封b(20)、单向阀芯(21)、弹簧b(22)、油封c(23)、轴用弹性挡圈a(24)、液压油(25)、浮动限位油缸活塞(26)、浮动限位油缸筒(27)、油封d(28)、浮动限位油缸后盖板(29)、螺母a(30);将两套油封b(20)、单向阀芯(21)、弹簧b(22)分别一正一反装入浮动限位油缸活塞(26)上相应孔中,油封a(19)套在浮动限位油缸活塞(26)相应槽中,浮动限位油缸活塞杆(17)套上油封c(23)装入浮动限位油缸活塞(26)中孔,装上两只轴用弹性挡圈a(24),约束浮动限位油缸活塞(26)只能绕轴心回转一个自由度,浮动限位油缸活塞杆(17)阶梯轴端装已套好油封a(19)、油封d(28)的浮动限位油缸盖板(18),浮动限位油缸活塞杆(17)另一端装已套好油封a(19)、油封d(28)的浮动限位油缸后盖板(29),然后装上浮动限位油缸筒(27),并与浮动限位油缸盖板(18)、浮动限位油缸后盖板(29)固定,通过注油孔注满液压油(25)并排尽空气,将注油孔堵死,依次将弹簧a(13)、盖板(12)、挡板a(16)、垫圈(15)、螺母a(30)装上,用螺栓将盖板(12)、挡板a(16)固定在浮动支架(5)上,弹簧b(22)预紧力需锁住压油(25)在弹簧a(13)装配好后不会在浮动限位油缸活塞(26)左右两腔交换,挡板a(16)与盖板(12)焊接,弹簧a(13)装配好后,预紧力小于浮动限位油缸(14)之浮动限位油缸活塞杆(17)外伸开启力,需有效地顶浮动支架(5)移动即可。
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