CN107857590B - 一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107857590B
CN107857590B CN201711169984.6A CN201711169984A CN107857590B CN 107857590 B CN107857590 B CN 107857590B CN 201711169984 A CN201711169984 A CN 201711169984A CN 107857590 B CN107857590 B CN 107857590B
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戴叶婧
吕玉凯
赵志浩
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷，原料组分及其摩尔百分比含量为K0.5Na0.5NbO3‑xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01。按化学式分别配取碳酸钠、碳酸钾、五氧化二铌、草酸亚铁，球磨、烘干后再将混合原料于800～900℃预合成，再进行造粒、成型、排胶后于1070～1100℃烧结，制得高性能铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷。本发明既降低了烧结温度、减少了碱金属的挥发，又提高了应变性能，最大应变S～0.206％，逆压电系数d33 *最大为600pm/V，压电系数d33为39～87pC/N。

Description

一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于一种以组分为特征的陶瓷组合物，特别涉及一种高性能铌酸钾钠(KNN)基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
压电材料是实现电能和机械能相互转换的一类重要功能材料。因此压电材料在机械、电子通讯、军事等诸多领域有着广泛的应用，是一类极其重要的高技术材料。由于市场上广泛应用的铅基压电陶瓷(PZT)中含有大量Pb,在制备、使用、废弃过程中对人类及生态环境造成严重的危害，因此研究和开发性能优异的无铅压电陶瓷，意义深远。
目前人们已开发出多种无铅压电陶瓷体系中，KNN基无铅压电材料因其环境友好型且具有大的应变，被认为是最有希望取代铅基压电陶瓷的材料之一。现有技术中在K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的基础上对其进行B位离子掺杂，利用传统固相烧结工艺得到了应变S～0.206％的压电陶瓷。本发明通过离子掺杂降低烧结温度减少碱金属挥发的同时也提高了应变性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是通过掺杂Fe2+离子以提高KNN基压电陶瓷的电致应变以及逆压电系数，既可以降低陶瓷的烧结温度，又可以大幅提高基体陶瓷的应变性能，提供一种Fe2+离子掺杂改性的KNN基无铅压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案如下：
一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，原料组分及其摩尔百分比含量为K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01。
上述铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料的制备方法，具有如下步骤：
(1)按K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01的化学式分别配取基本原料碳酸钠、碳酸钾、五氧化二铌、草酸亚铁，装入球磨罐中，球磨5h，再将料浆放入烘箱内于60℃烘干；
(2)将步骤(1)的K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe混合原料于800～900℃预合成，保温4～6h；
(3)将步骤(2)的预合成原料过筛后进行造粒、成型为坯体，再进行加热排胶；
(4)将步骤(3)排胶后的坯体，于1070～1100℃烧结，保温2～4h，制得铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料。
所述铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料的压电系数d33为39～87pC/N,最大应变S为0.206％，逆压电系数d33 *最大为600pm/V。
所述步骤(1)的球磨介质为氧化锆球，球磨剂为无水乙醇；原料、无水乙醇和氧化锆球的质量比为1:2:2。
所述步骤(1)的球磨机转速为400转/分。
所述步骤(4)的烧结温度为1080℃。
本发明采用传统的固相合成的方法，添加Fe2+离子，成功制备了Fe2+离子掺杂改性的铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，既可以降低陶瓷的烧结温度，又可以大幅提高基体陶瓷的应变性能。本发明的铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷其最大应变S为0.206％，逆压电系数d33 *最大为600pm/V，压电系数d33为39～87pC/N。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1、2不同组分制品的电致应变图。
具体实施方式
本发明为降低烧结温度和提高压电陶瓷的应变性能，添加Fe2+离子，制备掺杂Fe2+离子改性的铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料。本发明采用传统固相合成方法，分别按K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01的化学式配比混匀，固相烧结法制备铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷。
本发明的原料采用分析纯试剂。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但并不局限于下述实施例。
对比实施例
(1)配料合成
按K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe(x＝0)的化学计量比称取原料碳酸钠、碳酸钾、五氧化二铌、草酸亚铁，进行混合，装入球磨罐中，球磨介质为氧化锆球，球磨剂无水乙醇，原料、无水乙醇和氧化锆球的质量比为1:2:2，球磨5h，球磨转速为400转/分，再将料浆放入烘箱内于60℃烘干，得到混合原料；
(2)预烧
将步骤(1)得到的混合原料分别放入坩埚内，加盖，密封，在炉中850℃预烧，保温5h，而后自然降到室温，开炉，取出混合粉料；
(3)二次球磨
将步骤(2)得到的粉料在研钵中研磨，再次装入球磨罐，球磨介质为氧化锆球，球磨剂无水乙醇，球磨5h，球磨转速为400转/分，取出料浆将之放入烘箱于60℃烘干，得到混合粉料；
(4)造粒
将步骤(3)得到的混合粉料在研钵中研细，对于加入浓度为5％的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)，充分搅拌至粉料呈粒状，得到流动性良好的粒料；
(5)成型
将步骤(4)得到的粒料放入直径为13mm的不锈钢模具内，在200MPa压力下压成圆片状坯件；
(6)排胶
将步骤(5)得到的坯件放入马弗炉中，升温至550℃保温1h进行有机物排除，得到排胶后的坯件；
(7)烧结
将步骤(6)得到的排胶坯件放置氧化铝片上，上面铺放同组分的原料，坩锅倒扣密封，升温速度为5℃/分钟，至1100℃，保温2h，随炉自然冷却至室温，制得铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷。
实施例1
采用与对比实施例相同的方法，并采用水造粒，在氩气下排除胚体内水分及进行烧结且烧结温度为1080℃，Fe2+离子的掺杂量为1％(x＝0.01)，制得铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷。
选取本发明制得的铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷样品，测试不同掺杂下应变性能，如附图1所示。
图1是本发明不同x值的样品的室温下电致应变(S-E)图，从图1上可以得出掺杂Fe2+离子对K0.5Na0.5NbO3基无铅压电陶瓷的电致应变性能影响很大，很显著增强了压电陶瓷的电致应变性能，在x＝0.01制品中得到了较大应变S～0.206％，逆压电系数d33 *最大为600pm/V，压电系数d33为39～87pC/N。
本发明掺杂Fe2+离子后，其电致应变性能显著得到提高，得到了具有大应变的压电陶瓷。
本发明的各个工艺参数(温度、时间、原料等)的上下限取值、及区间值都能够实现本发明，在此不再一一进行举例说明。

Claims (5)

1.一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，原料组分及其摩尔百分比含量为K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01；
上述铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料的制备方法，具有如下步骤：
(1)按K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe,其中0＜x≤0.01的化学式分别配取基本原料碳酸钠、碳酸钾、五氧化二铌、草酸亚铁，装入球磨罐中，球磨5h，再将料浆放入烘箱内于60℃烘干；
(2)将步骤(1)的K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xFe混合原料于800～900℃预合成，保温4～6h；
(3)将步骤(2)的预合成原料过筛后进行造粒、成型为坯体，再进行加热排胶；
(4)将步骤(3)排胶后的坯体，于1070～1100℃烧结，保温2～4h，制得铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料的压电系数d33为39～87pC/N,最大应变S为0.206％，逆压电系数d33 *最大为600pm/V。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的球磨介质为氧化锆球，球磨剂为无水乙醇；原料、无水乙醇和氧化锆球的质量比为1:2:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)的球磨机转速为400转/分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述步骤(4)的烧结温度为1080℃。
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CN109503159B (zh) * 2018-11-02 2021-08-06 天津大学 一种亚稳离子掺杂高压电性能无铅压电陶瓷及其制备方法
CN111548157B (zh) * 2020-04-24 2022-06-03 成都信息工程大学 基于双位掺杂的铌酸钾钠基无铅电致伸缩陶瓷及其制备方法与应用
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