CN107857580A - 一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,属于陶瓷膜材料技术领域。本发明通过以各无机物组合形成的釉料为釉面层,通过在材料表面负载釉面层有效提高陶瓷材料的基体表面的致密性能,使瓷釉涂层与基体产生良好的密着,孔隙率的降低有利于涂层耐腐蚀性能的提高,从而使陶瓷膜支撑体表面致密均匀,形成有效的保护层,从而有效改善多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的耐酸蚀性能,同时,本发明添加冰晶石,促进晶体生长并减缓釉质中矿物质的溶解,提高材料表面耐酸性能,同时冰晶石中游离出的氟离子和釉质表面中的氢氧离子交换成为具有一定抗酸能力的无机材料,有效提高陶瓷膜支撑体的抗酸性能,改善材料的耐酸蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,属于陶瓷膜材料技术领域。
背景技术
陶瓷膜由于其独特的性能在生物化工、食品加工、气体分离、能源工程、废水处理等领域获得越来越广泛的应用,显示出其广阔的发展前景,引起了全球范围内高度重视,是本世纪最有发展前景的高新技术之一与有机膜和其他金属膜相比,陶瓷膜有众多优点:(1)热稳定性好,耐高温,适用于高温、高压体系。许多陶瓷膜组件和陶瓷膜装置可以在环境下稳定使用。(2)良好的化学稳定性,耐酸、碱和有机溶剂的化学侵烛。值适用范围较宽,在涉及高温和腐烛过程等苟刻环境的工艺中有着非常广泛的应用。(3)不跟微生物发生生物或化学反应,适合于食品、制药和生化行业。(4)机械强度大。无机膜可承受以上的压力,在高压下不会变形,耐磨,耐冲刷。(5)清洗状态好。无机膜自身没有毒性,不会污染分离的体系。当膜污染发生后可以反冲洗或者反吹,也能在荀刻的条件下进行化学清洗,可以反复使用。(6)使用寿命长,不容易老化。在很多工业运用中,陶瓷膜体现了其很长的使用寿命,最多可用至年,可节省运行成本。(7)陶瓷膜的结构。陶瓷膜是管状或微多孔道的整体件,与有机膜相比,这种结构不易引起膜堵塞,清洗起来比有机膜容易。(8)环境友好。在膜材料制备与膜分离过程中,对环境均不产生污染。由于无机陶瓷膜具备了以上这些优点,在工业中应用中所占的份量愈来愈重。随着高新产业科技的发展要求,分离膜将要达到更高更多的需要,近年来无机陶瓷膜在制备工艺、材料种类、构型以及产业化发展到工业应用领域的开拓,均有新的突破,无机陶瓷膜技术作为一种创新科技正在逐步形成其广阔的研究领域。
目前,尽管有很多商业化的多孔陶瓷膜出现,但是即使在发达国家,多孔陶瓷膜在其应用中也遇到许多难以解决的问题。首先是多孔陶瓷具有的高的成本,其耐酸碱腐烛性能差,通常使用寿命为半年左右,在应用过程中还存在严重的膜污染现象,虽然目前解决膜污染的方法很多,但是都有其局限性,不能从根本上解决问题,一旦形成不可逆膜污染,普通冲洗方法是无能为力的,这直接了导致膜元件性能衰减快速,更换频繁,这大大提高了运行成本。所以,如何提高陶瓷膜耐酸蚀性能是一道陶瓷膜现有发展道路上的重要难题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对现有多孔陶瓷膜材料耐酸碱腐烛性能差,通常使用寿命较短的问题,提供了一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
(1)按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,待滴加完成后。过滤并收集滤液;
(2)按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥,得干燥颗粒并球磨过筛,得过筛粉末,再按重量份数计,分别称量45~55份氧化硅、10~15份氧化硼、6~8份氧化钾、1~2份氧化铝、6~8份氧化钛、0.5~1.0份氧化钴、1.0~1.5份氧化镍和2~3份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,球磨过筛得球磨粉末;
(3)按重量份数计,分别称量75~80份聚乙烯醇溶液、10~15份过筛粉末和45~50份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,搅拌混合后再超声分散,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并干燥,得干燥料;
(4)按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡处理,再在马弗炉中干燥处理,升温加热并保温煅烧,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
步骤(1)所述的氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min。
步骤(3)所述的聚乙烯醇溶液为质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液。
步骤(4)所述的升温加热为按2℃/min升温至1450~1550℃。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明通过以各无机物组合形成的釉料为釉面层,通过在材料表面负载釉面层有效提高陶瓷材料的基体表面的致密性能,通过浸泡浆料后并有效煅烧,使瓷釉涂层与基体产生良好的密着,孔隙率的降低有利于涂层耐腐蚀性能的提高,从而使陶瓷膜支撑体表面致密均匀,形成有效的保护层,从而有效改善多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的耐酸蚀性能;
(2)本发明以氟硅酸和碳酸氢铵为原料制造冰晶石,通过添加冰晶石内部含氟无机物,促进晶体生长并减缓釉质中矿物质的溶解,提高材料表面耐酸性能,同时冰晶石中游离出的氟离子和釉质表面中的氢氧离子交换成为具有一定抗酸能力的无机材料,有效提高陶瓷膜支撑体的抗酸性能,改善材料的耐酸蚀性能。
具体实施方式
按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,控制氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min,待滴加完成后。过滤并收集滤液,按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并置于1500~2000r/min下离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥1~2h,得干燥颗粒并球磨过200目筛,得过筛粉末;再按重量份数计,分别称量45~55份氧化硅、10~15份氧化硼、6~8份氧化钾、1~2份氧化铝、6~8份氧化钛、0.5~1.0份氧化钴、1.0~1.5份氧化镍和2~3份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,在250~300r/min下球磨3~5h后,过500目筛得球磨粉末并按重量份数计,分别称量75~80份质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液、10~15份过筛粉末和45~50份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,在2500~3000r/min下搅拌混合后再在200~300W下超声分散10~15min,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过200目筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并置于120~150℃下干燥2~3h,得干燥料并按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡25~30min后,再在120~150℃马弗炉中干燥3~5h后,随后按2℃/min升温至1450~1550℃,保温煅烧2~3h后,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
实例1
按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,控制氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min,待滴加完成后。过滤并收集滤液,按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并置于1500r/min下离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥1h,得干燥颗粒并球磨过200目筛,得过筛粉末;再按重量份数计,分别称量45份氧化硅、10份氧化硼、6份氧化钾、1份氧化铝、6份氧化钛、0.5份氧化钴、1.0份氧化镍和2份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,在250r/min下球磨3h后,过500目筛得球磨粉末并按重量份数计,分别称量75份质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液、10份过筛粉末和45份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,在2500r/min下搅拌混合后再在200W下超声分散10min,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过200目筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并置于120℃下干燥2h,得干燥料并按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡25min后,再在120℃马弗炉中干燥3h后,随后按2℃/min升温至1450℃,保温煅烧2h后,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
实例2
按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,控制氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min,待滴加完成后。过滤并收集滤液,按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并置于1750r/min下离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥1h,得干燥颗粒并球磨过200目筛,得过筛粉末;再按重量份数计,分别称量50份氧化硅、12份氧化硼、7份氧化钾、1份氧化铝、7份氧化钛、0.7份氧化钴、1.2份氧化镍和2份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,在275r/min下球磨4h后,过500目筛得球磨粉末并按重量份数计,分别称量77份质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液、12份过筛粉末和47份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,在2750r/min下搅拌混合后再在250W下超声分散12min,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过200目筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并置于128℃下干燥2h,得干燥料并按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡27min后,再在132℃马弗炉中干燥4h后,随后按2℃/min升温至1475℃,保温煅烧2h后,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
实例3
按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,控制氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min,待滴加完成后。过滤并收集滤液,按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并置于2000r/min下离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥2h,得干燥颗粒并球磨过200目筛,得过筛粉末;再按重量份数计,分别称量55份氧化硅、15份氧化硼、8份氧化钾、2份氧化铝、8份氧化钛、1.0份氧化钴、1.5份氧化镍和3份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,在300r/min下球磨5h后,过500目筛得球磨粉末并按重量份数计,分别称量80份质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液、15份过筛粉末和50份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,在3000r/min下搅拌混合后再在300W下超声分散15min,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过200目筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并置于150℃下干燥3h,得干燥料并按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡30min后,再在150℃马弗炉中干燥5h后,随后按2℃/min升温至1550℃,保温煅烧3h后,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
将本发明制备的实例1,2,3和未包覆釉面的空白组进行酸蚀性能测试,具体测试结果如下表表1所示:
将本发明制备的实例1,2,3和空白组置于质量分数1%盐酸中浸泡25~30min,测量质量损失
表1 性能表征表
由上表可知,本发明制备的支撑体材料具有优异的耐酸蚀性能。
Claims (5)
1.一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)按质量比1:8,将碳酸氢铵添加至去离子水中,搅拌混合得碳酸氢铵溶液,按质量比1:10,将质量分数1%氟硅酸滴加至碳酸氢铵溶液中,待滴加完成后。
2.过滤并收集滤液;
(2)按质量比1:5,将硫酸铝添加至滤液中,搅拌混合并离心分离,收集下层沉淀并真空冷冻干燥,得干燥颗粒并球磨过筛,得过筛粉末,再按重量份数计,分别称量45~55份氧化硅、10~15份氧化硼、6~8份氧化钾、1~2份氧化铝、6~8份氧化钛、0.5~1.0份氧化钴、1.0~1.5份氧化镍和2~3份氧化锰置于球磨罐中,球磨过筛得球磨粉末;
(3)按重量份数计,分别称量75~80份聚乙烯醇溶液、10~15份过筛粉末和45~50份球磨粉末置于搅拌器中,搅拌混合后再超声分散,得混合浆料,再按质量比1:2,将刚玉粉与高岭土搅拌混合并球磨过筛,得基体颗粒并按质量比1:10,将基体颗粒与去离子水搅拌混合并浇注至模具中,静置固化并干燥,得干燥料;
(4)按质量比1:15,将干燥料添加至混合浆料中,在室温下浸泡处理,再在马弗炉中干燥处理,升温加热并保温煅烧,静置冷却至室温,即可制备得所述的耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的氟硅酸滴加速率为2mL/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)所述的聚乙烯醇溶液为质量分数5%聚乙烯醇溶液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐酸蚀型多孔陶瓷膜支撑体材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)所述的升温加热为按2℃/min升温至1450~1550℃。
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