CN107849043B - 用于制备(4s)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺的方法 - Google Patents
用于制备(4s)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及新型和改进的制备式(I)的(4S)‑4‑(4‑氰基‑2‑甲氧基苯基)‑5‑乙氧基‑2,8‑二甲基‑1,4‑二氢‑1,6‑萘啶‑3‑甲酰胺以及这种化合物的结晶变体的方法。
Description
本发明涉及新型和改进的制备式(I)的(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺的方法。
式(I)的化合物充当盐皮质激素受体的非甾体类拮抗剂,并且可以用作用于预防和/或治疗心血管和肾疾病诸如例如心力衰竭和糖尿病肾病的药剂。
式(I)的化合物及其制备方法描述在WO2008/104306和ChemMedChem 2012, 7,1385中,其中两篇出版物公开了研究合成的详细讨论。其中描述的合成的一个缺点是以下事实:该合成不适合用于其它大规模过程,因为许多步骤在非常高的稀释度、用非常高过量的试剂进行,且因此得到相对低的总收率。此外,许多中间色谱纯化是必要的,这在技术上通常是非常艰苦的且需要大量消耗溶剂,是昂贵的,且因此在可能时应当避免。由于安全性和过程技术困难,一些阶段在工业规模过程中不可实现。
因此,需要工业上可行的合成,其以可再现的方式以高总收率、低生产成本和高纯度提供式(I)的化合物,并满足所有管理要求,以便提供使用活性物质的临床试验和用于以后的官方报送。
通过本发明,已经发现了一种非常有效的合成,其允许满足上述的要求。
在公开了式(I)的化合物的研究合成的出版物ChemMedChem 2012, 7, 1385中,从香草醛开始在10个阶段中制备式(I)的化合物,其中总收率为理论值的3.76%。通过将色谱级分蒸发得到非晶固体形式的式(I)的化合物,迄今为止尚未描述用于多晶型调节的最终阶段的特定结晶方法。
下述方案1显示了用于制备式(I)的化合物的已知方法。
方案1:式(I)的化合物的研究合成
利用了三种色谱纯化以及用于分离式(XIII)的外消旋体的对映异构体的手性色谱法阶段。一些阶段以非常高的稀释度进行且使用非常大量的试剂。
例如,特别是在该合成中起重要作用的腈-醛中间体(VI)的制备次序在原子经济方面也是不可接受的。
方案2解释了从腈醛(VI)开始的根据本发明的新型方法,其在4个阶段中以理论值的31.5%的总收率得到式(I)的化合物(从醛(VI)开始的以上研究合成的8.8%),而没有中间体的色谱纯化。
方案2:用于制备式(I)的化合物的根据本发明的方法.
将制备型手性HPLC方法(例如SMB Technology, Varicol)用于对映异构体分离。
醛(VI)是从文献已知的(J. Med. Chem. 2007, 50, 2468-2485),且是该合成的重要中间体。现在也可能商业上购买所述化合物。
从4-氰基-2-甲氧基甲苯(VIa)开始,用NBS制备二溴化物(VIb),其在乙醇中与2.46当量的硝酸银(在水中)反应以得到目标醛(VI)。在文献中描述的该合成和在研究合成中描述的方法完全不适合用于放大至多吨规模,所以存在对新型、更有效和经济上更有利的合成的巨大需要。
卤代苯甲酸(XIV)和(XIVa)
是以相对大量商购可得的。已经开发了一种非常有效的和廉价的方法,其中不分离中间体(XV)和(XIX),
而是溶解在溶液中进一步反应。只有这样才是可能的,因为每个反应的收率和纯度是非常高的(理论值的>95%)。甲基醚酯(XV)是从文献已知的(Journal of MedicinalChemistry, 1992, 第35卷, 第734 - 740页),并且通过与非常易挥发、对健康有害和昂贵的碘代甲烷反应来制备。
可以证实,可以类似地使用难挥发、廉价的硫酸二甲酯。从酸(XIV)开始,借助于辅助碱诸如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸锂、N-甲基咪唑、三乙胺、吡啶或2,6-二甲基吡啶在50-100℃的温度在溶剂诸如丙酮、2-丁酮、THF、2-甲基-THF、DMF、DMA或NMP中与硫酸二甲酯反应以得到甲基醚酯(XV)。这是本领域技术人员已知的用于酯化酸类和醚化酚类的方法(Tetrahedron, 2013 , 第69卷, 第2807-2815页, Journal of the American ChemicalSociety, 2013 , 第135卷, 第5656-5668页)。已经发现在丙酮中在回流(56℃)下使用硫酸二甲酯和碳酸钾的反应是特别优选的。在该情况下,将硫酸二甲酯在4小时内计量加入到沸腾的反应混合物中。将丙酮蒸馏出并用甲苯替代(再蒸馏)。对于后处理,加入水(分解多余的硫酸二甲酯),将甲苯相分离,并用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,并随后将甲苯溶液蒸馏出直至特定体积(用于共沸干燥,即为后续阶段除去水)。溶液的成分确定指示几乎完全转化(理论值的>96%)。替代溴化合物,可以类似地使用氯化合物,其实现的转化率与溴化合物相同。
醛(XIX)的制备描述在文献中;引用以下作为示例:Glaxo Group LimitedUS2008/312209 A1, 2008,European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986, 第21卷,第397-402页,Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1992, 第35卷, 第734-740页,Journalof Materials Chemistry, 2011, 第21卷, 第9523-9531页。但是,在反应中使用的起始原料是非常昂贵的且不可大量得到,因此开发了从甲基醚酯(XV)开始的新型方法。通过加入N-甲基哌嗪,在甲苯中使用REDAL (二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠)成功将(XV)转化为醛(XIX)。该方法描述在文献中(Synthesis 2003, 第6期, 823-828和Tetrahedron 57(2001) 2701-2710)。如果与在文献中所示的化学计量类似地进行反应,在混合物中发现除了醛以外的另一种化合物。证实了这是相应的苯甲醇,其通过多达10%的过还原形成。证实了重要的是,准确调节REDAL和N-甲基哌嗪的化学计量,1.21当量的REDAL + 1.28当量的N-甲基哌嗪;此时成功使得在结晶的后续阶段中干扰性的副产物降低至< 1%。为此,首先放入0-5℃的在甲苯中的65% REDAL溶液(优选1.21当量),并计量加入1.28当量的N-甲基哌嗪。将如此得到的REDAL与N-甲基哌嗪的溶液在约30分钟内计量加入到首先放入的在甲苯中的溴甲基酯溶液(XIV)中,并随后在0℃搅拌1小时。将反应溶液在水/酸,优选硫酸水溶液中淬灭,并将甲苯相分离,并用水和饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。将甲苯蒸馏出并在DMF (后续阶段的溶剂)中再蒸馏。反应收率通常为理论值的>94%。使用氯化合物的相应反应类似地进行,收率是等同的。将DMF溶液直接用在后续反应中。
在进一步的合成进程中,通过本领域技术人员熟知的方法以本身已知的方式将溴代醛(XIX)转化成腈(Synth. Commun. 1994, 887-890,Angew. Chemie 2003, 1700-1703,Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 2555-2557,Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 1441-1444,JACS2003, 125, 2890-2891,Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689 (2004), 4576-4583);这得到腈醛(VI)。已经证实在溴化合物的情况下特别有利的是,与作为氰化物来源的六氰合铁酸钾* 3 H2O进行钯催化的反应(Tetrahedron Lett. 48 (2007), 1087-1090)。为此,将溴代醛(XIX)首先放入DMF (8-10倍)中,首先放入0.22当量的六氰合铁酸钾*3H2O和1当量的碳酸钠,然后加入0.005当量的乙酸钯。加热至120℃ 3小时。将溶液冷却至20℃,然后加入水和乙酸乙酯。将乙酸乙酯相分离出,将水相再次用乙酸乙酯后洗涤,并然后将合并的乙酸乙酯相在异丙醇中再蒸馏。通过在沸腾温度(Siedehitze)的水沉淀,使产物沉淀。分离以后,将产物在真空下干燥。在某些情况下,将产物通过加入水直接从DMF沉淀,并在分离和干燥以后直接用在后续阶段中。该反应的收率通常是理论值的>85%。乙酸钯对于氯化合物的转化而言是不够的;在此已经发现有利的是,使用本领域技术人员熟知的钯催化剂,其如在Tetrahedron Lett. 48 (2007), 1087-1090中所述;收率稍微低于溴化合物的情况,通常是理论值的80-85%。
在与酮酰胺(XVII)的Knoevenagel反应中,从式(VI)的醛开始得到作为E/Z混合物的肉桂酰胺(XVI a,b):
通过加入5-20 mol%,优选10 mol%的哌啶和5-20 mol%,优选5-10 mol%的冰醋酸,该反应优选地在沸腾的二氯甲烷(10倍-20倍)中在水分离器上进行。反应时间是4-12 h,但是优选5-6 h,特别优选6 h。将酮酰胺(XVII)以1.0-1.5当量,但是优选1.1-1.35当量,特别优选1.1当量加入。酮酰胺(XVII)的制备是已知的,且描述在Tetrahedron Letters, 1993,第34卷, 6141-6142中,但是它也是作为商品可得的。反应结束以后,冷却至20℃并将有机相用水洗涤2次。将有机洗液在2-丁醇中再蒸馏,并将E/Z肉桂酰胺混合物(XVI a+b)不经中间分离直接用在与杂环(IX)的后续反应中以产生二氢吡啶(XVIII):
已经发现,所述反应优选地在醇诸如乙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇(2-丁醇)、2-戊醇、环己醇中在80-160℃的温度、在常压下以及在高压釜(2-10巴),反应时间8-40 h,但是优选地在异丙醇中在高压釜中(100℃-130℃,2-10巴,优选地3-5巴,8-24 h),或在乙醇中(90-130℃,3-10巴,3-24 h),在2-丁醇中(100℃-130℃,2-10巴,优选地3-5巴,8-24 h)中进行。对于后处理,冷却至0℃至20℃,将晶体滤出,并用乙醇后洗涤,然后干燥(在真空中,60℃)。
如果出于环境经济的原因应省略二氯甲烷的应用,已经证实有利的是,在异丙醇中制备肉桂酰胺(XVI a,b),为此,将醛(VI)首先放入异丙醇(3-9倍,优选地5-7倍),并加入5-20 mol%,优选5-10 mol%的哌啶和5-20 mol%,优选5-10 mol%的冰醋酸。在30℃,将1.0-1.5当量,优选1.1-1.35当量,特别优选1.1当量的酮酰胺(XVII)(任选地溶解在少量异丙醇中)经3小时计量加入,并在30℃搅拌1小时。肉桂酰胺(XVI a,b)在反应过程中结晶析出。随后将产物任选地在冷却后优选地在0℃滤出,用少量异丙醇(冷却至0℃)洗涤,并潮湿地用在如上所述的后续反应中。收率是理论值的>95%。后续反应优选地在100℃在压力下在10-15倍(基于醛(VI)计)、优选10-12倍的2-丁醇或异丙醇中进行20-24小时。反应终止并冷却以后,将产物通过过滤或离心进行分离。随后在40-90℃在真空下干燥。由于向肉桂酰胺(XVI a,b)的转化几乎定量地进行,后续阶段的过程可以容易地标准化,而不必在每种情况下调适杂环(IX)的量,因为产物可以潮湿地与异丙醇一起使用。收率是理论值的>75%。可以通过已知的文献方法,诸如在例如Synthesis 1984, 765-766中所述,制备杂环(IX)。
从二氢吡啶(XVIII)开始,通过在酸性催化下与原酸酯(XX)(其中R是-H或-甲基)反应而得到乙基醚(XIII):
已经令人惊奇地发现,通过加入4-10重量%,优选6-8重量%的浓硫酸,可以在溶剂诸如二甲基乙酰胺、NMP (1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)、DMF (二甲基甲酰胺)中以非常浓缩的方式(高达1.5 g溶剂/1 g反应物)进行反应。所述反应然后令人惊讶地用2.5-5当量的原酸酯(XX) (R= H或Me)就进行。已经发现,远远更有利的是,在反应中使用相应的原乙酸三乙酯,因为它一方面远远更干净地反应,并且具有困难得多的可燃性,从而使它特别适合用于工业实施。所述反应优选地在DMA (二甲基乙酰胺)和NMP (1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)中在100-120℃、优选115℃的温度进行。已经证实有利的是,在开始实际反应之前,在升高的温度(100-120℃在真空下)蒸馏出一部分溶剂(DMD或NMP),以便除去来自前体的任选存在的异丙醇残余物,因为否则产生不希望的副产物。搅拌1.5-3小时,优选2小时。对于后处理,将水直接加入混合物中,其中产物结晶析出。为了具有特别稳定和可再现的方法,首先计量加入一部分量的水(例如1/3),然后加入晶种(angeimpft),并加入剩余量的水。该操作会确保总是得到相同的结晶变体(Modifikation),其展现出最佳的分离特征。将产物用水后洗涤并干燥。收率是理论值的>92%。纯度通常是> 99%(HPLC, 100%方法)。
为了得到式(I)的化合物,必须将酰胺(XIII)的外消旋混合物分离成对映体。在公开的研究合成中,为此使用特别合成的手性相(自制),其包含N-(二环丙基甲基)-N2-甲基丙烯酰基-D-亮氨酰胺作为手性选择剂。在多阶段中制备该选择剂,然后聚合在特殊硅胶上。甲醇/乙酸乙酯充当洗脱剂。该方法的一个重要缺点是非常低的负载,在500*63 mm色谱柱上每次分离30 mg,这使得非常需要找到尽可能有效的分离方法,其允许在多吨范围内执行对映体的分离。已经令人惊奇地发现,分离还可以在商业容易可得的相上进行。这是相Chiralpak AS-V, 20µm。使用的洗脱剂是甲醇/乙腈60:40的混合物。该混合物具有以下重大优点:它可以在的蒸馏后处理以后作为洗脱剂再次回收,其具有相同组成(60:40,对应于共沸物)。以此方式实现了一种非常有效的方法,其中分离的收率是理论值的>47%(50%是在理论上可能的)。这里的光学纯度是> 93% e.e.,但是优选> 98.5% e.e.。在该情况下,可以在商购常见的色谱柱上进行色谱法,但是优选地使用本领域技术人员已知的技术诸如SMB或Varicol (Computers and Chemical Engineering 27 (2003) 1883-1901)。例如,使用SMB设备分离约500 kg的外消旋酰胺(XIII),其中达到48%的收率。作为在甲醇/乙腈60:40的混合物中的3-8%,优选5-7%的溶液得到产物,并可以直接用在“最终的处理”中。乙腈与甲醇之间的其它溶剂混合物比率也是可能的(90:10至10:90)。但是可替换地,还可以使用其它溶剂混合物,对于SMB分离,诸如混合物比率为10:90至90:10的乙腈/乙醇。在每种情况下的溶剂比率部分地取决于SMB设备的技术性能,且必须任选地进行调适(例如改变流速、溶剂在薄膜蒸发器上的再循环)。
由于以片剂的形式开发式(I)的化合物,非常需要以可再现的方式以特定结晶形式分离所分离的式(I)的化合物,以能够确保可再现的生物利用度。已经令人惊奇地发现,可以使式(I)的化合物从甲醇、乙醇、THF、乙腈、及其与水的混合物中结晶,其中仅一种多晶型物I可再现地形成,其具有252℃的特定熔点。有利地,使用乙醇或变性乙醇。
最终的结晶方法:为此,出于GMP技术原因对来自色谱法的在甲醇/乙腈60:40中的约5-7%产物溶液(或者,如果在乙醇/乙腈中操作,在乙醇/乙腈50:50中的约3-4%溶液)首先进行颗粒过滤,并随后执行与乙醇的溶剂交换,优选地使用用甲苯变性的乙醇。为此重复地再蒸馏,浓缩,并每次加入新鲜乙醇。交换以后,加入许多乙醇以直至溶液相在沸腾温度流过(durchlaufen),并然后在常压下或在稍微减压下浓缩至约3-4倍体积,在该过程中产物结晶析出。冷却至0℃,然后将晶体分离,并在40-50℃在真空下干燥。收率通常是理论值的>90%。达到的化学纯度是> 99.8%且含量~ 100%对应于根据ICH指南的商业产品的标准。在乙醇的情况下,残余溶剂< 0.02%。光学纯度>> 99% e.e.。
式(I)的化合物以变体I的结晶形式存在
其特征在于,所述化合物的x-射线衍射图表现出在8.5、14.1、17.2、19.0、20.5、25.6、26.5的2θ角的峰最大值。
式(I)的化合物以变体I的结晶形式存在
其特征在于,所述化合物的红外光谱(IR-ATR)表现出在3475、2230、1681、1658、1606、1572、1485、1255、1136和1031 cm-1的带最大值。
式(I)的化合物以变体I的结晶形式存在
其特征在于,所述化合物的拉曼光谱表现出在3074、2920、2231、1601、1577、1443、1327、1267、827和155 cm-1的带最大值。
通常将式(I)的化合物微粉化并在药学上配制成片剂。发现呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物具有非常好的稳定性性能(即使在高的空气湿度),且可以没有任何问题地储存> 2年。
通过根据本发明的合成,成功地以非常有效的方式制备式(I)的化合物。所述方法提供相对于现有技术的显著优点,这涉及可规模化(Skalierbarkeit)和工业实施。总收率与公布的数据相比显著更高,还达到活性物质的优秀纯度。所述新型方法实现呈变体I的结晶形式的特定的式(I)化合物的可再现、经济的制备,在任何地方都没有描述在现有技术中存在该方法。
本发明提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法,
其特征在于,将式(XIII)的外消旋化合物分离成它的对映异构体,且如下制备式(XIII)的化合物:
使式(XVIII)的化合物
与原酸酯(XX)反应
其中R可以是H或甲基,且
如下制备式(XVIII)的化合物:
使式(XVI a,b)的化合物
与式(IX)的化合物反应
且
如下制备式(XVI a,b)的化合物:使式(VI)的化合物
与式(XVII)的化合物反应
本发明还提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,将式(XIII)的外消旋化合物分离成它的对映异构体,其中如下制备式(XIII)的化合物:
使式(XVIII)的化合物
与原酸酯(XX)反应
其中R可以是H或甲基,且
如下制备式(XVIII)的化合物:
使式(XVI a,b)的化合物
与式(IX)的化合物反应
本发明还提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,将式(XIII)的外消旋化合物分离成它的对映异构体,其中如下制备式(XIII)的化合物:
使式(XVIII)的化合物
与原酸酯(XX)反应
其中R可以是H或甲基。
本发明还提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法
其中使用式(XVIII)的化合物
本发明还提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法
其中使用式(XVI a,b)的化合物
本发明还提供了用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法
其中使用式(XVIII)的化合物
式(XVI a,b)的化合物
本发明还提供了下式的化合物
及其盐、溶剂合物和所述盐的溶剂合物。
本发明还提供了作为E/Z混合物的式(XVI a,b)的化合物
及其盐、溶剂合物和所述盐的溶剂合物。
本发明还提供了用于制备式(XVIII)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,使式(XVI a,b)的化合物
与式(IX)的化合物反应
本发明还提供了用于制备式(XVI a,b)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,使式(VI)的化合物
与式(XVII)的化合物反应
本发明还提供了用于制备化合物(XIII)的方法
其特征在于,使式(XVIII)的化合物
与原酸酯(XX)反应
其中R可以是H或甲基。
本发明还提供了用于制备式(XIII)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,使式(XVIII)的化合物
与原酸酯(XX)反应
其中R可以是H或甲基,且
其特征在于,如下制备式(XVIII)的化合物:使式(XVI a,b)的化合物
与式(IX)的化合物反应
公开的另一个主题是根据上述的用于制备式(I)的化合物的方法用于制备呈结晶变体I的式(I)的化合物的方法
其特征在于,将以一种或多种变体的形式或作为在惰性溶剂中的溶剂合物存在的式(I)的化合物在20℃- 120℃的温度搅拌,并分离呈结晶变体I的式(I)的化合物。
根据本发明的化合物,式(I)的化合物和呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物(在下文中称作根据本发明的化合物)充当盐皮质激素受体的拮抗剂并且表现出不可预见、有用的药理学活性谱。它们因此适合用作用于治疗和/或预防人类和动物的疾病的药物。
根据本发明的化合物适合用于预防和/或治疗各种疾病和疾病相关的病症,特别是以血浆中醛固酮浓度的增加或醛固酮血浆浓度相对于肾素血浆浓度的变化为特征或与这些变化有关的疾病。例子包括:特发性原发性醛固酮过多症,与肾上腺增生、肾上腺腺瘤和/或肾上腺癌有关的醛固酮过多症,与肝硬化有关的醛固酮过多症,与心力衰竭有关的醛固酮过多症以及与原发性高血压有关的(相对)醛固酮过多症。
因为它们的作用机理,根据本发明的化合物也适合用于预防处于增加的死于心脏性猝死的风险中的患者的心脏性猝死。这些特别是遭受例如下述疾病中的任一种的患者:原发性和继发性高血压、具有或没有充血性心力衰竭的高血压心脏病、抗治疗的高血压、急性和慢性心力衰竭、冠心病、稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、扩张性心肌病、先天性的原发性心肌病例如Brugada综合征、由美洲锥虫病造成的心肌病、休克、动脉硬化、房性和室性心律失常、暂时性和缺血性发作、中风、炎症性心血管疾病、外周和心脏血管疾病、外周血流紊乱、动脉闭塞性疾病诸如间歇性跛行、无症状的左心室功能障碍、心肌炎、心脏的肥大性变化、肺性高血压、冠状动脉和外周动脉痉挛、血栓形成、血栓栓塞性疾病和血管炎。
根据本发明的化合物还可以用于预防和/或治疗水肿形成,例如肺水肿、肾水肿或心力衰竭相关的水肿,和诸如血栓溶解疗法、经皮经腔血管成形术(PTA)和经皮经腔冠状动脉血管成形术(PTCA)、心脏移植和分流手术以后的再狭窄。
根据本发明的化合物还适合用作保钾利尿剂和用于电解质紊乱,例如高钙血症、高钠血症或低钾血症。
根据本发明的化合物同样适合用于治疗肾疾病,诸如急性和慢性肾衰竭、高血压性肾病、动脉硬化性肾炎(慢性和间质性)、肾硬化、慢性肾功能不全和囊性肾疾病,用于预防在器官移植物的情况下可由例如免疫抑制剂诸如环孢素A造成的肾损伤,和用于肾癌。
根据本发明的化合物另外可以用于预防和/或治疗糖尿病和糖尿病后遗症,例如神经病和肾病。
根据本发明的化合物还可以用于预防和/或治疗例如由糖尿病或高血压造成的微白蛋白尿,和蛋白尿。
根据本发明的化合物也适合用于预防和/或治疗与血浆中糖皮质激素浓度的增加或与组织(例如心脏)中糖皮质激素浓度的局部增加有关的疾病。例子包括:导致糖皮质激素的过度产生的肾上腺功能紊乱(库欣综合征)、具有作为结果的糖皮质激素过度产生的肾上腺皮质肿瘤、和自发地产生ACTH (促肾上腺皮质激素)并从而导致伴有作为结果的库欣氏病的肾上腺增生的垂体瘤。
根据本发明的化合物另外可以用于预防和/或治疗肥胖、代谢综合征和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。
根据本发明的化合物还可以用于预防和/或治疗:由例如病毒、螺旋体、真菌、细菌或分枝杆菌造成的炎症性疾病,和未知病原学的炎症性疾病,诸如多关节炎、红斑狼疮、外周动脉炎或多动脉炎、皮肌炎、硬皮病和结节病。
根据本发明的化合物还可以用于治疗中枢神经疾病诸如抑郁症、焦虑和慢性疼痛、特别是偏头痛,和神经变性疾病诸如阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏综合征。
根据本发明的化合物也适合用于预防和/或治疗例如在手术诸如经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)、支架植入、冠脉内镜以后的血管损伤,分流手术以后的再阻塞或再狭窄,和内皮功能障碍、雷诺病、闭塞性血栓性血管炎(Buerger氏综合征)和耳鸣综合征。
本发明进一步公开了根据本发明的化合物用于治疗和/或预防疾病、特别是上述疾病的用途。
本发明进一步公开了根据本发明的化合物用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗和/或预防疾病,特别是前述疾病。
本发明进一步公开了使用有效量的至少一种根据本发明的化合物来治疗和/或预防疾病,特别是前述疾病的方法。
根据本发明的化合物可以单独使用,或者,如果需要的话,与其它活性物质联合使用。本发明进一步公开了包含至少一种根据本发明的化合物和一种或多种其它活性物质的药物,其特别是用于治疗和/或预防上述疾病。适合用于联合活性物质的优选例子包括:
·降低血压的活性物质,例如并优选地选自钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素AII拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、α-受体阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂和Rho激酶抑制剂;
·利尿剂,特别是袢利尿剂和噻嗪和噻嗪样利尿剂;
·抗血栓形成剂,例如并优选地选自血小板聚集抑制剂、抗凝血剂或致纤溶(profibrinolytisch)物质;
·改变脂类代谢的活性物质,例如并优选地选自甲状腺受体激动剂、胆固醇合成抑制剂,优选例子是HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂或角鲨烯合成抑制剂、ACAT抑制剂、CETP抑制剂、MTP抑制剂、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ和/或PPAR-δ激动剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、脂肪酶抑制剂、聚合的胆汁酸吸附剂、胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂和脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂;
·有机硝酸盐和NO供体,例如硝普钠、硝基甘油、单硝酸异山梨酯、硝酸异山梨酯、吗多明或SIN-1和吸入的NO;
·具有增强收缩力效应的化合物,例如强心苷(地高辛)、β-肾上腺素能和多巴胺能激动剂诸如异丙肾上腺素、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和多巴酚丁胺;
·抑制环单磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)和/或环单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的降解的化合物,例如磷酸二酯酶(PDE) 1、2、3、4和/或5的抑制剂,特别是PDE 5抑制剂诸如西地那非、伐地那非和他达拉非,和PDE 3抑制剂诸如氨力农和米力农;
·利钠肽,例如“心房利钠肽”(ANP, 阿那立肽)、“B-型利钠肽”或“脑利钠肽”(BNP, 奈西立肽)、C-型利钠肽(CNP)和尿扩张素;
·钙敏化剂,优选例子是左西孟旦;
·不依赖于NO的、但是依赖于血红素的鸟苷酸环化酶刺激剂,诸如特别是在WO00/06568、WO 00/06569、WO 02/42301和WO 03/095451中描述的化合物;
·不依赖于NO和血红素的鸟苷酸环化酶活化剂,诸如特别是在WO 01/19355、WO01/19776、WO 01/19778、WO 01/19780、WO 02/070462和WO 02/070510中描述的化合物;
·人嗜中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(HNE)的抑制剂,例如西维来司他或DX-890(Reltran);
·抑制信号转导级联的化合物,例如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,特别是索拉非尼、伊马替尼、吉非替尼和厄洛替尼;和/或
·影响心脏的能量代谢的化合物,优选例子是乙莫克舍、二氯乙酸盐、雷诺嗪或曲美他嗪。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与利尿剂,作为示例且优选呋塞米、布美他尼、托拉塞米、苄氟噻嗪、氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、氯噻酮、吲达帕胺、美托拉宗、喹乙宗、乙酰唑胺、双氯非那胺、醋甲唑胺、甘油、异山梨醇、甘露醇、阿米洛利或氨苯蝶啶联合施用。
降低血压的药剂优选地被理解为是指选自钙拮抗剂、血管紧张素AII拮抗剂、ACE抑制剂、内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂、α-受体阻滞剂、β-受体阻滞剂、Rho激酶抑制剂和利尿剂的化合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与钙拮抗剂,作为示例且优选硝苯地平、氨氯地平、维拉帕米或地尔硫卓联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与血管紧张素AII拮抗剂,作为示例且优选氯沙坦、坎地沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦或恩布沙坦联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与ACE抑制剂,作为示例且优选依那普利、卡托普利、赖诺普利、雷米普利、地拉普利、福辛普利、喹那普利(Quinapril)、培哚普利或川多普利联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与内皮缩血管肽拮抗剂,作为示例且优选波生坦、达卢生坦、安倍生坦或西他生坦联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与肾素抑制剂,作为示例且优选阿利吉仑、SPP-600、SPP-635、SPP-676、SPP-800或SPP-1148联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与α-1-受体阻滞剂,作为示例且优选哌唑嗪联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与β-受体阻滞剂,作为示例且优选普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔、噻吗洛尔、吲哚洛尔、阿普洛尔、氧烯洛尔、喷布洛尔、布拉洛尔、美替洛尔、纳多洛尔、甲吲洛尔、卡拉洛尔(Carazalol)、索他洛尔、美托洛尔、倍他洛尔、塞利洛尔、比索洛尔、卡替洛尔、艾司洛尔、拉贝洛尔、卡维地洛、阿达洛尔、兰地洛尔、奈必洛尔、依泮洛尔或布新洛尔联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与Rho激酶抑制剂,作为示例且优选法舒地尔、Y-27632、SLx-2119、BF-66851、BF-66852、BF-66853、KI-23095或BA-1049联合施用。
抗血栓形成剂(抗血栓形成药)优选地被理解为是指选自血小板聚集抑制剂、抗凝血剂或致纤溶物质的化合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与血小板聚集抑制剂,作为示例且优选阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、噻氯匹定或双嘧达莫联合施用。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与凝血酶抑制剂,作为示例且优选希美加群、美拉加群、比伐芦定或克赛联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与GPIIb/IIIa拮抗剂,作为示例且优选替罗非班或阿昔单抗联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与因子Xa抑制剂,作为示例且优选利伐沙班(BAY 59-7939)、DU-176b、阿派沙班、奥米沙班、非德沙班、雷扎沙班、磺达肝素、依达肝素、PMD-3112、YM-150、KFA-1982、EMD-503982、MCM-17、MLN-1021、DX 9065a、DPC906、JTV 803、SSR-126512或SSR-128428联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与肝素或低分子量(LMW)肝素衍生物联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与维生素K拮抗剂,作为示例且优选香豆素联合施用。
脂类代谢调节剂优选地被理解为是指选自CETP抑制剂、甲状腺受体激动剂、胆固醇合成抑制剂诸如HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂或角鲨烯合成抑制剂、ACAT抑制剂、MTP抑制剂、PPAR-α、PPAR-γ和/或PPAR-δ激动剂、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、聚合的胆汁酸吸附剂、胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂、脂肪酶抑制剂和脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂的化合物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与CETP抑制剂,作为示例且优选托塞曲匹(CP-529 414)、JJT-705、BAY 60-5521、BAY 78-7499或CETP疫苗(Avant)联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与甲状腺受体激动剂联合施用,作为示例且优选D-甲状腺素、3,5,3'-三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、CGS 23425或阿昔替罗(CGS26214)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与来自他汀类的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,作为示例且优选洛伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、罗舒伐他汀、西立伐他汀或匹伐他汀联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与角鲨烯合成抑制剂,作为示例且优选BMS-188494或TAK-475联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与ACAT抑制剂,作为示例且优选阿伐麦布、甲亚油酰胺、帕替麦布、依鲁麦布或SMP-797联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与MTP抑制剂,作为示例且优选英普他派、BMS-201038、R-103757或JTT-130联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与PPAR-γ激动剂,作为示例且优选吡格列酮或罗格列酮联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与PPAR-δ激动剂,作为示例且优选GW -501516或BAY 68-5042联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与胆固醇吸收抑制剂,作为示例且优选依折麦布、替奎安或帕马苷联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与脂肪酶抑制剂,作为示例且优选奥利司他联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与聚合的胆汁酸吸附剂,作为示例且优选考来烯胺、考来替泊、Colesolvam、考来胶或考来替兰联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与胆汁酸重吸收抑制剂,作为示例且优选ASBT (= IBAT)抑制剂,例如AZD-7806、S-8921、AK-105、BARI-1741、SC-435或SC-635联合施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,将根据本发明的化合物与脂蛋白(a)拮抗剂联合施用,作为示例且优选吉卡宾钙(CI-1027)或烟酸。
本发明进一步公开了药物,其包含至少一种根据本发明的化合物,其通常与一种或多种惰性的、无毒的、药学上合适的赋形剂一起,且公开了其用于前述目的的用途。
根据本发明的化合物可以全身地和/或局部地起作用。为此目的,可以以合适的方式施用它们,例如通过口服、胃肠外、肺、鼻、舌下、舌、口腔、直肠、真皮、透皮、结膜、耳途径或作为植入物或支架。
对于这些施用途径,可以以合适的施用形式施用根据本发明的化合物。
适合口服施用的施用形式是这样的形式:其根据现有技术起作用并快速地和/或以改进的形式释放根据本发明的化合物,且其含有结晶和/或无定形和/或溶解形式的根据本发明的化合物,例如片剂(无包衣或包衣片剂,例如具有耐胃液的或延迟溶解的或不溶性的包衣,其控制本发明的化合物的释放)、在口腔中快速崩解的片剂或膜剂/淀粉纸(Oblaten)、膜剂/冻干剂、胶囊剂(例如硬或软明胶胶囊剂)、糖衣药丸、颗粒剂、丸剂、粉剂、乳剂、混悬剂、气雾剂或溶液剂。
胃肠外施用可以在避免吸收步骤的情况下完成(例如通过静脉内、动脉内、心内、椎管内或腰椎内途径),或在打开吸收的情况下完成(例如通过肌肉内、皮下、皮内、经皮或腹膜内途径)。适合胃肠外施用的施用形式包括以溶液剂、混悬剂、乳剂、冻干剂或无菌粉剂的形式注射和输注的制剂。
对于其它施用途径,合适例子是可吸入的药物形式(包括粉末吸入器、喷雾器)、滴鼻剂、鼻用溶液剂或喷雾剂;用于舌、舌下或口腔施用的片剂、膜剂/淀粉纸或胶囊剂;栓剂、耳制剂或眼制剂、阴道胶囊剂、水性混悬剂(洗剂、振荡合剂)、亲脂混悬剂、软膏剂、乳膏剂、透皮治疗系统(例如贴剂)、乳剂、糊剂、泡沫剂、撒布剂、植入物或支架。
口服和胃肠外施用是优选的,特别是口服和静脉内施用。
可以将根据本发明的化合物转化为上述施用形式。这可以以本身已知的方式通过与惰性的、无毒的、药学上适合的赋形剂混合而实现。这些赋形剂包括载体(例如微晶纤维素、乳糖、甘露醇)、溶剂(例如液体聚乙二醇)、乳化剂和分散剂或润湿剂(例如十二烷基硫酸钠、聚氧基脱水山梨糖醇油酸酯)、粘合剂(例如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、合成的和天然的聚合物(例如白蛋白)、稳定剂(例如抗氧化剂,例如抗坏血酸)、着色剂(例如无机颜料,例如氧化铁)和调味剂和/或矫味剂。
一般而言,已经发现,在胃肠外施用的情况下有利的是,施用约0.001-1 mg/kg体重、优选约0.01-0.5 mg/kg体重的量以实现有效的结果。在口服施用的情况下,所述剂量是约0.01-100 mg/kg体重,优选约0.01-20 mg/kg体重,且最优选0.1-10 mg/kg体重。
尽管如此,在某些情况下,可能必须偏离所述量,特别是取决于体重、施用途径、对活性物质的个体应答、制品的性质以及进行施用的时间或区间。因而,在某些情况下,使用小于上述的最小量可能是足够的,而在其它情况下,必须超过所述上限。在施用更大量的情况下,可以推荐的是,将它们分成在一天中的几次单独给药。
下面的实施例说明了本发明。本发明不限于实施例。
除非另外说明,否则在下面的试验和实施例中的百分比是重量百分比;份数是重量份。关于液体/液体溶液的溶剂比、稀释比和浓度数据在每种情况下基于体积。
实验部分
缩写和首字母简略词:
MS: 来自质谱法的质量
HPLC: 高效液相色谱法
DMF: 二甲基甲酰胺
在甲苯中的Red-Al溶液: 在甲苯中的二氢双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝酸钠溶液
THF: 四氢呋喃
Aqu. HCl:盐酸水溶液
DMAP: 4-(二甲基氨基)吡啶。
实施例
实施例1
4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(XV)
将3.06 kg (22.12 mol)碳酸钾首先放入3.6 l丙酮中并加热至回流。向该悬浮液中计量加入悬浮于7.8 l丙酮中的1.2 kg 4-溴-2-羟基苯甲酸(5.53 mol),并用0.6 l丙酮冲洗。在回流下加热1小时(剧烈形成气体!)。然后在沸腾下经4小时计量加入2.65 kg(21.01 mol)硫酸二甲酯。随后在回流下继续搅拌2.5小时。蒸馏出大部分溶剂(直至可搅拌)并加入12 l甲苯,然后将残余的丙酮在110℃蒸馏出。蒸馏出约3 l馏出液,通过向混合物中加入另外3 l甲苯来补充。使其冷却至20℃并加入10.8 l水和剧烈搅拌。将有机相分离出,并将水相用6.1 l甲苯再萃取一次。将合并的有机相用3 l饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,并将甲苯相浓缩至约4 l。通过一部分量的蒸发进行成分确定,换算得到1.306 kg (理论值的96.4%)的收率。将该溶液直接用在后续阶段中。
HPLC方法A: RT约11.9 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 245 [M+H]+
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD2Cl2): δ= 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 7.12-7.20 (m,2H), 7.62 (d, 1H)。
实施例2
4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲醛(XIX)
在-5℃首先放入1.936 kg (6.22 mol)在甲苯中的65%的Red-Al溶液与1.25 l甲苯。向该溶液中计量加入0.66 kg (6.59 mol) 1-甲基哌嗪,用150 ml甲苯后冲洗,将温度保持在-7至-5℃之间。在0℃继续搅拌30分钟。然后将该溶液计量加入到1.261 kg (5.147mol) 4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯(XV)溶解在4 l甲苯中的溶液中,将温度保持在-8至0℃。用0.7 l甲苯后冲洗2次,然后在0℃搅拌1.5小时。对于后处理,计量加入到0℃的冷的硫酸水溶液(12.5 l水+ 1.4 kg浓硫酸)中。温度应当升高至最大10℃(缓慢计量加入)。任选地通过加入另外的硫酸,将pH调至pH 1。将有机相分离出并将水相用7.6 l甲苯后萃取。将合并的有机相用5.1 l水洗涤,并然后基本上浓缩和将残余物置于10 l DMF中。将溶液再次浓缩至约5 l的体积。通过一部分量的蒸发进行成分确定,换算得到1.041 kg (理论值的94.1%)的收率。将该溶液直接用在后续阶段中。
HPLC方法A:RT约12.1 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 162 [M+H]+
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400MHz): δ = 3.93 (3H, s), 7.17 (2H, m), 7.68 (1H, d),10.40 (1H, s)。
实施例3
4-甲酰基-3-甲氧基苄腈(VI)
首先加入719 g (3.34 mol) 4-溴-2-甲氧基苯甲醛(XVI)在4.5 l DMF中的溶液与313 g (0.74 mol)六氰合铁酸钾(K4[Fe(CN)6])和354 g (3.34 mol)碳酸钠和另外的1.2l DMF,并加入3.8 g (0.017 mol)乙酸钯。在120℃搅拌3小时。使其冷却至20℃,并将5.7 l水加入混合物中。用17 l乙酸乙酯萃取,并将水相用17 l乙酸乙酯后洗涤另外一次。将有机相合并和基本上浓缩,置于5 l异丙醇中并浓缩至约2 l。加热至沸腾,并逐滴加入2 l水。使其冷却至50℃并加入另外2 l水。使其冷却至3℃并在该温度搅拌1小时。将产物滤出,并用水(2 x 1.2 l)后洗涤。在40℃在真空下干燥。
收率:469 g (理论值的87%)的米色固体。
HPLC方法A:RT约8.3 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 162 [M+H]+
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 3.98 (s, 3H), 7.53 (d, 1H), 7.80 (s,1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 10.37 (s, 1H)。
实施例4
(2E/2Z)-2-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基亚苄基)-3-氧代丁酰胺(XVI a,b)
将1000 g (6204.95 mmol) 4-甲酰基-3-甲氧基苄腈(VI)、721.5 g (7135.7mmol) 3-氧代丁酰胺(XVII)、53 g (620 mmol)哌啶和37.3 g (620 mmol)冰醋酸在15 l二氯甲烷中在回流下在水分离器上加热4小时。随后,将约10 l二氯甲烷蒸馏出,并使其冷却至室温。使其冷却至0℃,并在该温度继续搅拌4小时,将产物滤出,并用每次1000 ml的冷二氯甲烷后洗涤2次。在40℃在真空下在载气下干燥。
收率:1439.8 g (理论值的95.0%)的黄色固体。
HPLC方法A: RT约3.55 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 245 [M+H]+
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 2.35 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s,3H), 7.45 (d, 1H),7,7 (m, 3H), 7.75 (d, 1H), 8.85 (d, 1H)。
实施例5
4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-2,8-二甲基-5-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲
酰胺(XVIII)
将2.128 kg (8.712 mol) (2E/2Z)-2-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基亚苄基)-3-氧代丁酰胺(XVI a,b)置于29 l 2-丁醇中,加入1.277 kg (7.92 mol) 4-氨基-5-甲基吡啶酮,然后在密闭的容器中在超压下在内部温度120℃加热12 h。通过在5 h内的斜度冷却至0℃,在0℃继续搅拌3小时。滤出,并用2.1 l冷的异丙醇后洗涤。在60℃在真空下干燥。
收率:2.081 kg (理论值的75%,基于4-氨基-5-甲基吡啶酮计,因为不足量地使用该组分)的淡黄色固体。
HPLC方法A:RT约3.64 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 351 [M+H]+
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 2.00 (s, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s,3H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 6.65 (s(宽), 1H), 6.85 (s(宽), 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d,1H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 10,61 (s, 1H)。
实施例5
4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰
胺(XIII)
将1.857 kg (5.3 mol) 4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-2,8-二甲基-5-氧代-1,4,5,6-四氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(XVIII)和4.70 kg (29 mol)原乙酸三乙酯溶解在12.15 l二甲基乙酰胺中,并加入157.5 g浓硫酸。在115℃加热1.5小时,并然后冷却至50℃。在50℃,经30分钟逐滴加入12.15 l水。加入结束后,接种10 g标题化合物(XI),并在50℃经30分钟逐滴加入另外12.15 l水。冷却至0℃(斜度,2小时),并然后在0℃继续搅拌2小时。将产物滤出,用每次7.7 l的水洗涤2次,并在50℃在真空下干燥。
收率:1.845 kg (理论值的92.0%)的淡黄色固体。
HPLC方法B: RT约10.2 min。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 433 [M+H]+
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 1.11 (t, 3H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s,3H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.01-4.13 (m, 4H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d,1H), 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H)。
实施例6
(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-
甲酰胺(I),作为在40:60乙腈/甲醇中的溶液
在SMB设备上分离对映异构体
作为进料溶液,使用与由50 g外消旋体4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(XIII)溶解在1升60:40甲醇/乙腈混合物中构成的浓度对应的溶液。
借助于在固定相:Chiralpak AS-V, 20µm上的SMB设备,将溶液进行色谱分离。压力是30巴,并将甲醇/乙腈60:40的混合物用作洗脱剂。
将9.00 kg 4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(XIII)溶解在180 l由甲醇/乙腈60:40构成的混合物中,并借助于SMB色谱分离。浓缩含有产物的级分以后,得到69.68升6.2%溶液(对应于4.32 kg (4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(I),作为在乙腈/甲醇40:60中的溶液)。
收率:4.32 kg (理论值的48%),其溶解在69.68升乙腈/甲醇40:60中作为无色级分。
对映异构体纯度: > 98.5% e.e. (HPLC, 方法D)
将样品在真空下浓缩并得到:MS (EIpos): m/z = 379 [M+H]+
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 1.05 (t, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s,3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.99-4.07 (m, 2H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 6.60-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.14(d, 1H), 7.28 (dd, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H)。
实施例7
(4S)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-
甲酰胺(I)
结晶和多晶型物调节
将64.52升来自实施例6的在乙腈/甲醇40:60的混合物中的6.2%溶液(对应于4.00kg化合物1)通过滤芯(1.2 um)过滤,并随后在250毫巴充分浓缩,以使得所述溶液仍然是可搅拌的。加入48 l用甲苯变性的乙醇,并再次在250毫巴蒸馏直至可搅拌性限度(在乙醇中再蒸馏)。加入另外48 l用甲苯变性的乙醇,并然后在常压下蒸馏直至约14 l的总体积(夹套温度98℃)。通过斜度(4小时)冷却至0℃,在0℃继续搅拌2小时,并将产物滤出。用每次4l冷乙醇后洗涤2次,并然后在50℃在真空下干燥。
收率:3.64 kg (理论值的91%)的无色结晶粉末。
对映异构体纯度: >> 99% e.e. (HPLC方法D);保留时间/RRT: (4S)- 4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(I)约11 min。RRT: 1.00;(4R)-4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(I)约9 min。RRT: 0.82
纯度: > 99.8%(HPLC方法B), RT: 约6.7 min。
含量:99.9%(相对于外标)
比旋光值(氯仿, 589 nm, 19.7℃, c = 0.38600 g/100 ml): - 148.8°。
MS (EIpos): m/z = 379 [M+H]+
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 1.05 (t, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s,3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.99-4.07 (m, 2H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 6.60-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.14(d, 1H), 7.28 (dd, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H)。
熔点: 252℃(呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物)
呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物的物理化学表征
呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物在252℃熔化,ΔH = 95-113 Jg-1 (加热速率20 Kmin-1)。
取决于加热速率,观察到熔点的下降(Depression)。
由于分解发生,熔点在较低的加热速率(例如2 Kmin-1)下降。
没有观察到其它相变。直至175℃的温度,观察到约0.1%的质量损失。
稳定性和水分吸收(Einlagerung)
在85%和97%相对空气湿度(25℃)储存呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物的样品。在12个月以后通过DSC、TGA和XRPD评价样品。12个月以后,在这两种情况下发现<0.1%的质量变化。这意味着,呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物在这些贮存条件下没有显示水的显著吸收。根据DSC、TGA和XRPD,在呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物中不存在差异。
HPLC条件/方法
方法A
YMC Hydrosphere C18
150*4.6 mm, 3.0µm
25℃, 1 ml/min, 270 nm, 4 nm
0': 70%TFA 0.1%*; 30%乙腈
17': 20%TFA 0.1%*; 80%乙腈
18': 70%TFA 0.1%*; 30%乙腈
*: TFA在水中
方法B
YMC Hydrosphere C18
150*4.6 mm, 3.0µm
25℃, 1 ml/min, 255 nm, 6 nm
0': 90%TFA 0.1%*; 10%乙腈
20': 10%TFA 0.1%*; 90%乙腈
18': 10%TFA 0.1%*; 90%乙腈
方法C
Nucleodur Gravity C18
150*2 mm, 3.0µm
35℃, 0.22 ml/min, 255 nm, 6 nm
溶液A: 0.58 g磷酸氢铵和0.66 g磷酸二氢铵在1 l水中(磷酸铵缓冲液pH 7.2)
溶液B: 乙腈
0': 30%B; 70%A
15': 80%B; 20%A
25': 80%B; 20%A
方法D
柱长度: 25 cm
内径: 4.6 mm
填充:Chiralpak IA, 5 μm
试剂:1. 乙腈,用于HPLC
2. 甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE), p.a.
试验溶液
将样品以1.0 mg/ml的浓度溶解在乙腈中(例如约25 mg样品,准确地称重,溶解在乙腈中至25.0 ml)。
洗脱剂
A. 乙腈
B. 甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE), p.a.
流速0.8 ml/min
柱加热器温度25℃
检测测量波长: 255 nm
带宽: 6 nm
注射体积5 μl
以90:10的体积比混合洗脱剂A和B的组合物
色谱图运行时间30 min
保留时间/RRT:
(4S)- 4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(1)约11 min。RRT: 1.00
(4R)- 4-(4-氰基-2-甲氧基苯基)-5-乙氧基-2,8-二甲基-1,4-二氢-1,6-萘啶-3-甲酰胺(1)约9 min。RRT: 0.82
用于分析呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物的x-射线衍射学的测量参数
数据集名称 2429-08a r2
扫描轴 2θ-ω
开始位置[°2θ] 2.0000
结束位置[°2θ] 37.9900
发散狭缝的类型 固定
发散狭缝的大小[°] 1.0000
测量温度[℃] 25
阳极材料 Cu
K-α1 [Å] 1.54060
发生器设置 35 mA, 45 kV
衍射仪类型 透射衍射仪
测角仪半径[mm] 240.00
聚焦-发散狭缝间距[mm] 91.00
主束单色仪 是
样品旋转 是。
用于测量呈变体I的结晶形式的式(I)的化合物的IR和拉曼光谱法的测量条件:
IR:
仪器 Perkin Elmer Spectrum One
扫描的数目 32
分辨率 4 cm-1
技术 Diamond ATR单元
拉曼:
仪器 Bruker Raman RFS 100/S
扫描的数目 64
分辨率 2-4 cm-1
激光功率 350 mW
激光波长 1064 nm
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