CN107824182A - 用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,包括以下组分:金属前体、螯合剂、载体、还原剂,所述金属前体为第八族至第十二族之间所有过渡金属前体中的一种过渡金属前体,所述螯合剂为正构醇或氨基酸或通式为(R)n‑X的化合物,所述通式为(R)n‑X中的R为含有1‑20个碳原子的烷基或酰基基团,(R)n‑X中的X为羟基、氨基、羧基官能团中的一种,所述载体为金属氧化物、蜂窝陶瓷、分子筛、玻璃纤维中的一种,所述还原剂为金属氢化物或金属硼氢化物。本发明不需要光照等条件就能够将甲醛和一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳和水,解决了现有光催化剂净化空气效率低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂,具体涉及用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂。
背景技术
空气净化是指针对室内的各种环境问题提供杀菌消毒、降尘除霾、祛除有害装修残留以及异味等整体解决方案,提高改善生活、办公条件,增进身心健康。目前,甲醛和一氧化碳是室内的主要空气污染源,甲醛和一氧化碳对人体有致命的危害;甲醛是一种无色易溶的刺激性气体,当室内含量为0.1毫克/立方米时就有异味和不适感;0.5毫克/立方米可刺激眼睛引起流泪;0.6毫克/立方米时引起咽喉不适或疼痛;浓度再高可引起恶心、呕吐、咳嗽、胸闷、气喘甚至肺气肿;30毫克/立方米时可当即导致死亡,长期接触低剂量甲醛还可引起慢性呼吸道疾病、女性月经紊乱、妊娠综合症,引起新生儿体质降低、染色体异常,甚至引起鼻咽癌。在不少城市中基本上已普及管道煤气,其余的以使用液化石油气为多。液化石油气虽然减少燃煤的硫和烟气尘埃,但它的主要成分是丙烷等碳氢化合物,使用不当会发生中毒事故。这些燃料燃烧时都需要消耗室内氧气而排出一氧化碳、二氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化会物、醛类、苯并芘以及烟灰微细尘粒等有毒气体和颗粒,这对神经系统、眼结膜和呼吸道粘膜有刺激性,并且具有潜在的致癌性。
目前市场上的空气净化器分为负离子型、臭氧型、过滤吸附型、静电集成型和光触媒型,其中光触媒型空气净化器是常用的空气净化器,光触媒型空气净化器以高效光催化纳米二氧化钛为原料研制而成催化剂,是以太阳光、紫外光、日光灯为灯源激发价带上的电子(eˉ)跃迁到导带,在价带上产生相应的空穴(h+),生成具有极强氧化作用的氢氧自由基、超氧羟基自由基、超氧离子自由基,将甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氨、TVOC等有害有机物、污染物、臭气、细菌、病毒等氧化分解成无害的CO2和H2O,但它需要在有光的条件下才会起作用,而且纳米二氧化钛光催化剂对一氧化碳的净化效率低,因此,光触媒型催化剂对室内空气的净化效率低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是现有用于室内空位净化的光催化剂净化空气的效率低,目的在于提供用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,解决现有光催化剂净化空气效率低的问题。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,包括以下组分:金属前体、螯合剂、载体、还原剂,所述金属前体为第八族至第十二族之间所有过渡金属前体中的一种过渡金属前体,所述螯合剂为正构醇或氨基酸或通式为(R)n-X的化合物,所述通式为(R)n-X中的R为含有1-20个碳原子的烷基或酰基基团,(R)n-X中的X为羟基、氨基、羧基官能团中的一种,所述载体为金属氧化物、蜂窝陶瓷、分子筛、玻璃纤维中的一种,所述还原剂为金属氢化物或金属硼氢化物。
本发明的制备方法为:首先金属前体和螯合剂形成金属螯合剂溶液;加入载体和还原剂于金属螯合剂溶液中形成高分散的纳米金属催化剂;将纳米金属催化剂从溶液中分离,并进行纯化、干燥后得到本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂;本发明制备过程可以在室温条件下完成,不需要高温处理,因此可以方便、稳定地负载在现有空气过滤基材(HEPA,发泡金属,陶瓷材料,碳材料等)上,实现将物理机制的空气过滤组件到冷触媒装置的升级,提高和完善现有空气净化设备的功能,并且金属前体利用率高,粒径可控,可适用于各种载体;本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂在室温下可以有效地去除空气中的甲醛和一氧化碳或它们的混合气并具有很高的活性,稳定性和抗湿性能。本发明设计了一种新的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,不需要光照等条件就能够将甲醛和一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳和水,解决了现有光催化剂净化空气效率低的问题。
所述还原剂为NaBH4、ZnBH4、LiAlH4、KBH4、NaBH3CN中的一种。
所述载体为Al2O3、CuO、Fe2O3、CeO2、TiO2、La2O3中的一种。
所述金属前体为HAuCl4。
所述螯合剂为氨基酸,所述还原剂为NaBH4,所述载体为Al2O3。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下的优点和有益效果:
1、本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂在室温下可以有效地去除空气中的甲醛和一氧化碳或它们的混合气并具有很高的活性,稳定性和抗湿性能;
2、本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂不需要光照等条件就能够将甲醛和一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳和水,解决了现有光催化剂净化空气效率低的问题;
3、本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂的制备方法简单,原料利用率高,在室温下可完成制备。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明,本发明的示意性实施方式及其说明仅用于解释本发明,并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,包括以下组分:金属前体、螯合剂、载体、还原剂,所述金属前体为第八族至第十二族之间所有过渡金属前体中的一种过渡金属前体,所述螯合剂为正构醇或氨基酸或通式为(R)n-X的化合物,所述通式为(R)n-X中的R为含有1-20个碳原子的烷基或酰基基团,(R)n-X中的X为羟基、氨基、羧基官能团中的一种,所述载体为金属氧化物、蜂窝陶瓷、分子筛、玻璃纤维中的一种,所述还原剂为金属氢化物或金属硼氢化物。所述还原剂为NaBH4、ZnBH4、LiAlH4、KBH4、NaBH3CN中的一种。所述载体为Al2O3、CuO、Fe2O3、CeO2、TiO2、La2O3中的一种。
本发明的制备方法为:首先金属前体和螯合剂形成金属螯合剂溶液;加入载体和还原剂于金属螯合剂溶液中形成高分散的纳米金属催化剂;将纳米金属催化剂从溶液中分离,并进行纯化、干燥后得到本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂;本发明制备过程可以在室温条件下完成,不需要高温处理,因此可以方便、稳定地负载在现有空气过滤基材(HEPA,发泡金属,陶瓷材料,碳材料等)上,实现将物理机制的空气过滤组件到冷触媒装置的升级,提高和完善现有空气净化设备的功能,并且金属前体利用率高,粒径可控,可适用于各种载体;本发明用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂在室温下可以有效地去除空气中的甲醛和一氧化碳或它们的混合气并具有很高的活性,稳定性和抗湿性能。本发明设计了一种新的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,不需要光照等条件就能够将甲醛和一氧化碳转化成二氧化碳和水,解决了现有光催化剂净化空气效率低的问题。
实施例2
基于实施例1,所述金属前体为HAuCl4。所述螯合剂为氨基酸,所述还原剂为NaBH4,所述载体为Al2O3。
本实施例用HAuCl4为前体,氨基酸为螯合剂,NaBH4为还原剂,Al2O3为载体,得到纳米Au催化剂,该催化剂显示了高效的室温去除甲醛和一氧化碳的特质。
实施例3
基于实施例2,本实施例在管式反应器中,以分散在Al2O3上的纳米Au为催化剂,所述催化剂为实施例2中所制备得到的纳米Au催化剂,对该催化剂对甲醛的净化性能进行了评价实验,模拟甲醛污染气体(甲醛含量为150ppm),以不同空速通过催化剂层,净化后气体的甲醛含量以在线质谱检测,结果可得在室温(25℃)条件下,使用该催化剂可以在一小时内对相当于其体积90000倍的空气中的甲醛实现完全转化,产物为无毒害的CO2。
实施例4
基于实施例2,本实施例在管式反应器中,以分散在Al2O3上的纳米Au为催化剂,所述催化剂为实施例2中所制备得到的纳米Au催化剂,对该催化剂对CO的净化性能进行了评价实验,模拟CO污染气体(CO含量为100ppm),以90000h-1空速通过不同温度的催化剂层,净化后气体的CO含量以在线质谱检测,结果可得出:在室温(25℃)条件下,使用该催化剂可以在一小时内对相当于其体积90000倍的空气中的CO实现转化率为90%的转换,产物为无毒害的CO2,当温度高于25℃时,可实现对CO的完全无害化转化。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,其特征在于,包括以下组分:金属前体、螯合剂、载体、还原剂,所述金属前体为第八族至第十二族之间所有过渡金属前体中的一种过渡金属前体,所述螯合剂为正构醇或氨基酸或通式为(R)n-X的化合物,所述通式为(R)n-X中的R为含有1-20个碳原子的烷基或酰基基团,(R)n-X中的X为羟基、氨基、羧基官能团中的一种,所述载体为金属氧化物、蜂窝陶瓷、分子筛、玻璃纤维中的一种,所述还原剂为金属氢化物或金属硼氢化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,其特征在于,所述还原剂为NaBH4、ZnBH4、LiAlH4、KBH4、NaBH3CN中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,其特征在于,所述载体为Al2O3、CuO、Fe2O3、CeO2、TiO2、La2O3中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,其特征在于,所述金属前体为HAuCl4。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用于室温下甲醛和一氧化碳净化的高效催化剂,其特征在于,所述螯合剂为氨基酸,所述还原剂为NaBH4,所述载体为Al2O3。
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