CN107823375A - 一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂；该片剂由乳香、没药、红花、桃仁、蒲公英、连翘、金银花、甘草、香附组成，将上述原料加水浸泡、水提、醇提制备而成；本片剂取材广泛、成本低廉、使用方便、安全有效，具有活血通经、消淤散结、抗菌消炎、疏通乳络的作用，属于非特异性抗菌，不但有直接抑菌、杀菌，不产生耐药性的优点，而且有增强机体的抵抗力和免疫力之功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药片剂，特别涉及的是一种治疗奶牛乳房炎片剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛养殖的重要疾病，对奶牛生产造成巨大的危害和经济损失。奶牛乳房炎是指由各种病因引起的奶牛乳房的炎症，在乳房炎引起的经济损失中，由于产奶量降低引起的占损失的70％，由于患病而使奶牛提早淘汰的占14％，废弃乳汁占10％。在一个牛群中，多数乳房炎是隐性型的，因此造成经济损失的主要是隐性乳房炎，其损失占每头泌乳母牛每年总生产能力的10％～11％。微生物因素、环境因素、挤奶技术等都能够引起奶牛乳房炎，例如无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的感染、挤奶器不消毒、挤奶员操作不当等。此外，对于高产奶牛，高能量、高蛋白的日粮虽有利于保护和提高产奶量，但同时也增加了乳房的负荷，使机体的抵抗力降低，从而引发乳房炎。
患奶牛乳房炎的病牛临床表现为乳汁颜色发生改变，乳汁稀薄，其中有絮状物、凝块及大量白细胞或成血清样，患病乳区急性肿胀，皮肤发红，触诊乳房发热、肿胀、有硬块、疼痛敏感，对于急性全身性乳房炎，若不及时有效治疗，可危及患畜生命。
治疗奶牛乳房炎方法很多，归纳起来有：①全身应用抗生素治疗消除感染的病原体，如青霉素、链霉素、红霉素、磺胺类药物；②乳房内注射抗生素等。这些方法存在一定的治疗效果，但是也存在诸多缺点，例如，长期大剂量使用抗生素导致耐药菌株增多，四环素、红霉素等抗生素的应用可影响机体细胞免疫功能，导致机体感染症状复杂化，抗生素在乳汁中的残留可直接影响到人的健康，乳房内注射后要防止药物与蛋白质结合降低药效，药物在体内要有个较长的半衰期，导致用药后弃乳期延长，造成经济损失。而中草药治疗乳房炎，疗程短，见效快，经济实用，中草药不仅有抗菌、抗病毒作用，还具有调节机体机能的作用。因此应用中药或探索其他无毒副作用的有效治疗方法是大势所趋。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述治疗奶牛乳房炎存在的问题，研究开发一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂及其制备方法，达到大幅度提高奶牛乳房炎治愈率，并且成本低廉、无毒副作用的目的；本发明还公开了所述中药片剂的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是：一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香10-20份、没药10-20份、红花10-20份、桃仁10-20份、蒲公英20-30份、连翘20-30份、金银花20-30份、甘草10-20份、香附10-20份、无花果30-60份。
优选的，一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香12-19份、没药13-17份、红花11-18份、桃仁13-16份、蒲公英21-29份、连翘22-28份、金银花23-28份、甘草13-17份、香附13-19份、无花果36-58份。
优选的，一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香18份、没药16份、红花17份、桃仁15份、蒲公英26份、连翘26份、金银花25份、甘草16份、香附18份、无花果55份。
本发明还提供了一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.6-1.9，进行超声波处理，然后至于25-35℃条件下发酵，发酵过程中微波处理，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，酶解，分离出上清液和固体渣；分别对上清液和固体渣进行干燥，混合，得纤维；
(3)称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入2500～3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎40～50分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000～2500份常温水，采用文火煎40～45分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并得到药液I；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
优选的，在步骤(1)所述的恒温发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％。
优选的，所述的超声波处理的条件为20-25kHz，功率为200-280W，时间为0.5-1h。
优选的，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为25s。
优选的，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶0.5-2；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5。
本发明所述的治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂中的核心药物包括连翘、蒲公英、金银花：(1)连翘清热解毒、抗菌消炎，拮抗和抑制引起奶牛乳房炎的病原微生物，并还能消痈溃坚，对于乳痈肿痛、产后胸腺疏通有明显作用。(2)蒲公英有较强的抑菌作用，并能激发机体的免疫功能，可以与连翘协同作用。(3)金银花能清热解毒，疏散风热，同时还具有广谱抗菌作用，对引起奶牛乳房炎的多种病原微生物亦有抑制作用。
除去上述核心药物，片剂中的其它药物，如黄芩中的黄芩素、黄芩苷能够抑制急性炎症反应，抑制炎症渗出肿胀，同时能够与红花一起对毛细血管的通透量增加有明显的抑制作用。丹参制剂中含有的隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮，对葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变性杆菌有较强的抑制作用。当归、地榆和虎杖在治痈疽时能够发挥消肿敛创、排脓止痛的作用，地榆还有很好的止血作用。没药、乳香、白花蛇舌草和香附在治疗奶牛乳房炎时能够协同发挥抗菌抗炎、消肿定痛、散血去瘀的作用，同时还能对引起奶牛乳房炎的病原微生物起到抑制作用。甘草除了可以抗炎、增强机体免疫力外，还对中药片剂起到矫味作用。
本发明所述的治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂中各种中药的药理作用：
(1)黄芩：清热燥湿，泻火解毒，止血，安胎，降血压。用于湿温、暑温胸闷呕恶，湿热痞满，泻痢，黄疸，高热烦渴，血热吐衄，痈肿疮毒，胎动不安。主治温热病、上呼吸道感染、湿热黄胆、肺炎、痢疾、咳血、目赤、胎动不安、痈肿疖疮等症。
黄芩的临床应用抗菌比黄连还好，而且不产生抗药性。对多种革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、致病性皮肤真菌有抑制作用。黄芩素、黄芩苷能够抑制急性炎症反应，抑制炎症渗出肿胀、毛细血管通透性增加；调节免疫功能、解热、镇静、保肝、利胆等。对青霉素等抗生素产生抗药性的金黄色葡萄球菌，对黄芩仍然很敏感。
(2)丹参：活血祛瘀，通经止痛，凉血消痈。治疗风湿痹痛、子宫出血、吐血、乳腺炎、疮疡肿痛。
丹参能扩张冠状动脉，增加冠脉流量，改善心肌缺血、梗塞和心脏功能，调节心律，并能扩张外周血管，改善微循环；缩短红细胞及血色素的恢复期，使网织细胞增多，能促进组织的修复；还能提高机体耐缺氧能力，以及抗凝血，促进纤溶，抑制血小板凝聚，抑制血栓形成的作用，并能够增强机体的免疫功能。
(3)连翘：清热，解毒，散结，消肿。治温热，丹毒，斑疹，痈疡肿毒，瘰疬，小便淋闭，治乳痈，乳核。
连翘有广谱抗菌作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌、贺氏痢疾杆菌有很强的抑制作用，对其他致病菌、流感病毒、真菌都有一定抑制作用。有抗炎作用。本品所含齐墩果酸有强心、利尿及降血压作用，维生素P可降低血管通透性及脆性，防止溶血。煎剂有镇吐作用、疏散风热、抗肝损伤作用。
(4)红花：活血通经、散瘀止痛。用于经闭、痛经、恶露不行、症瘕痞块、跌打损伤、疮疡肿痛，以及跌打损伤所致瘀血肿痛，痈肿及吐血而有瘀滞者。
红花水提取物及红花水溶性混合物-红花黄色素有增加冠脉血流量及心肌营养性血流量的作用，同时能够改善心肌缺血；它能同时影响体内和体外的凝血系统，抑制血栓形成。红花黄色素对组胺引起的大鼠皮肤毛细血管的通透量增加有明显的抑制作用。此外，红花多糖能促进淋已细胞转化，是一种新的免疫调节剂。
(5)当归：补血活血、调经止痛、润燥滑肠，主治血虚诸证、症瘕结聚、崩漏、虚寒腹痛、痿痹、肌肤麻木、肠燥便难、赤痢后重、痈疽疮疡、跌扑损伤。治痈疽时能够排脓止痛。
当归挥发油对兔、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠、狗等动物的离体子宫均有直接抑制作用，使节律性收缩逐渐变小至消失，呈弛缓状态；并对抗垂体后叶素、组胺、肾上腺素及乙酰胆碱等引起的子宫收缩。当归煎剂或根及叶中所含挥发油可使心肌收缩频率明显受到抑制，它含有挥发油、有机酸、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等多种物质，能显著促进机体造血功能，升高红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白含量；抑制血小板凝聚，抗血栓，调节血脂；抗心肌缺血、心律失常，扩张血管，降低血压；调节子宫平滑肌。还有增强免疫、抗炎、保肝、抗氧化和清除自由基等作用，能够对体外痢疾、伤寒、副伤寒、大肠杆菌、霍乱弧菌等均有抗菌作用。当归调血为母畜要药，治妊妇产后恶血上冲，能使气血各有所归。
(6)地榆：凉血止血、清热解毒、痈疮肿痛、消肿敛疮。用于便血，痔血，血痢，崩漏，水火烫伤，痈肿疮毒。
地榆含有鞣质，具有收敛作用，能止泻和止血，能使渗出减少、感染率降低；地榆100％的煎液对伤寒杆菌、脑膜炎双球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。生地榆、水提物、地榆炭、地榆制剂均有制血作用，此作用主要与鞣质有关；地榆煎剂低浓度可使离体蛙心收缩加强，频率减慢，心脏排出量增加。
(7)蒲公英：清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋。治疗疔疮肿毒，乳痈，瘰疬，目赤，咽痛，肺痈，肠痈，湿热黄疸，热淋涩痛。
本品煎剂或浸剂，对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌及卡他球菌有较强的抑制作用，对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、白喉杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、绿脓杆菌及钩端螺旋体等也有一定的抑制作用。尚有利胆、保肝、抗内毒素及利尿作用。蒲公英地上部分水提取物能活化巨噬细胞，有抗肿瘤作用。能激发机体的免疫功能。
(8)虎杖：清热解毒、利胆退黄、祛风利湿、散瘀定痛、止咳化痰。用于关节痹痛，湿热黄疸，经闭，癓瘕，咳嗽痰多，水火烫伤，跌扑损伤，痈肿疮毒。
虎杖能增加心肌营养血流量，虎杖、小田基黄煎剂能明显降低血清肝红素量和降低血清谷丙转氨酶活力的作用；虎杖7.5％煎液能对抗组胺引起的豚鼠气管收缩，有一定的平喘作用；也能够对烫伤创面有收敛、防止感染和消炎作用。此外，虎杖中含有的一种黄酮类物质对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌有抑制作用。
(9)乳香：调气活血，定痛，追毒。治气血凝滞、心腹疼痛，痈疮肿毒，跌打损伤，产后瘀血刺痛。
其成分主要有树脂、树胶和挥发油，能促进多核白血球增加，以吞噬死亡的血球及细胞，改善新陈代谢，从而起消炎作用，同时还有收敛作用，能促进伤口愈合；挥发油中的乙酸正辛酯有镇痛作用；还能降低药物对胃粘膜的损伤；利尿通经作用明显。有较强烈的镇痛和抑菌作用，且能有效地杀灭滴虫。
(10)没药：活血止痛、消肿生肌、抗菌消炎、散血去瘀，主治胸腹瘀痛、经闭、癥瘕、跌打损伤、痈肿疮疡、肠痈。
没药的水浸剂(1∶2)在试管内对堇色毛癣菌、同心性毛癣菌、许兰氏黄癣菌等多种致病真菌有不同程度的抑制作用，没药的抗菌作用可能与含丁香曲酚有关；与其他含油树脂的物质相似，没药(一般用酊剂)有某些局部刺激作用，可用于口腔洗剂中，也可用于胃肠无力时以兴奋肠蠕动。
(11)金银花：清热解毒，疏散风热。治疗痈肿疗疮，喉痹，丹毒，热毒血痢，风热感冒，温病发热。
金银花对多种致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、霍乱弧菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌等均有一定抑制作用，对肺炎球菌、脑膜炎双球菌、绿脓杆菌、结核杆菌亦有效。金银花还具有明显的抗炎及解热作用，金银花水及酒浸液对试验性肿瘤细胞具有明显的杀伤作用。加强免疫机能作用，促进白细胞的吞噬功能。有抗内毒素作用。
(12)甘草：益气补中，缓急止痛，润肺止咳，泻火解毒，调和诸药。
甘草生用偏凉，可泻火解毒、缓急止痛；炙用偏温，能散表寒、补中益气。甘草有类似肾上腺皮质激素样作用，对组胺引起的胃酸分泌过多有抑制作用；并有抗酸和缓解胃肠平滑肌痉挛作用。甘草浸膏及甘草次酸均有明显的镇咳作用，祛痰作用也较显著；甘草所含的次酸能阻断致癌物诱发肿瘤生长。此外，甘草还善于调和药性，解百药之毒，且有抗炎、抗过敏性反应的作用。
(13)白花蛇舌草：清热解毒、消痛散结、利尿消肿。用于咽喉肿痛，肺热喘咳，热淋涩痛，湿热黄疸，毒蛇咬伤，疮肿热痈，尤善治疗各种类型炎症。
在体外(相当生药6克/毫升)对急性淋巴细胞型、粒细胞型、单核细胞型以及慢性粒细胞型的肿瘤细胞有较强抑制作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌和痢疾杆菌有抑制作用，其抗炎作用，是刺激网状内皮系统增生和增强吞噬细胞活力等因素所致的。
(14)香附：疏肝解郁，理气宽中，活血止痛。主治肝郁气滞、胁肋胀痛、乳房胀育、疝气疼痛、脘腹痞满疼痛、嗳气吞酸、呕恶、胎动不安。
不同剂量的香附挥发油均能明显协同戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠作用，香附醇提取物对注射酵母菌引起的大鼠发热有解热作用，香附总生物碱、甙类、黄酮类和酚类化合物的水溶液亦有强心和减慢心率作用，并且有明显的降压作用。对离体子宫均有抑制作用，使其收缩力减弱、肌张力降低。香附挥发油有轻度雌激素样活性，体外试验，香附挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用，对其他细菌无效。香附提取物对某些真菌亦有抑制作用。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明所述的中药片剂有效的结合了连翘、蒲公英、金银花三味核心药材和黄芩、丹参、红花等十一味辅助药材的功效，并采用匹配的制备方法，实现了抑菌抗炎、清热解毒、散结消肿、通经下乳，并兼顾增强免疫力的药效，有效提高了奶牛乳房炎的治愈率，减少奶牛乳房炎的发病率，提高产奶量，减少了养殖户的经济损失，对促进养牛业健康发展具有重要的意义；
(2)本发明所述的中药片剂取材广泛、成本低廉、使用方便而且安全有效，具有抗菌消炎、清热解毒、增强免疫力的功效，外擦剂的制备工艺能够最大程度保留药物的有效成分，其中的基质成分纯度高、质量好、储药量大、刺激小、安全性高，经外擦给药能使药物吸收后直接作用于患处，能够提高药物的利用率；
(3)本发明所述的中药片剂可大大提高奶牛乳房炎的治愈率，还可确保治愈后牛的产奶量，有效避免了奶制品中药物残留的问题，外擦剂的使用方法简单易学，省时省力，使用外擦剂见效快，短时间内即可看到明显的缓解作用，消炎镇痛，药物吸收后还能及时发挥抑菌消肿、通经下乳的作用，可单独使用，也可配合内服制剂使用，有效解决了现有技术中药物在体内经代谢后药效降低的问题，同时还节省了人力物力；
(4)本发明所述的中药片剂避免了抗生素的使用，采用辨证施治、标本兼治的方法，直接或通过提高机体的免疫力间接抑制或杀灭乳房炎的病原菌，利用乳房外部直接涂抹的方式，使药物直接作用于患处，起效快，药物作用持续时间长。
(5)本发明采用无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.6-1.9，能有效的对无花果纤维进行最大化的提取，并且采用此料液比对无花果进行超声波处理后，纤维和煎熬药剂进行结合使用，后续乳房炎的治疗具有良好的疏通作用。
(6)在恒温发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，并在每天25秒下对菌液进行微波处理，可以提高菌种的发酵速率，并且微波处理下，菌种可以更有效的分解无花果，降低后续酶的添加量，节约成本。
(7)所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶0.5-2；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，可以有效的除去蛋白和糖类。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香10份、没药10份、红花10份、桃仁10份、蒲公英20份、连翘20份、金银花20份、甘草10份、香附10份、无花果30份。
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.6，进行超声波处理，超声波处理的条件为20kHz，功率为200W，时间为0.5h，然后至于25℃条件下发酵，发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％，发酵过程中微波处理，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为每天25s，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶2；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，酶解，分离得上清液；
(3)配制药剂：称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入2500份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎40分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000份常温水，采用文火煎40分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并，将得到的合并药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
实施例2：
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香20份、没药20份、红花20份、桃仁20份、蒲公英30份、连翘30份、金银花30份、甘草20份、香附20份、无花果60份。
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.9，进行超声波处理，超声波处理的条件为25kHz，功率为200-280W，时间为1h，然后至于35℃条件下发酵，发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％，发酵过程中微波处理，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为每天25s，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶0.5；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，酶解，分离得上清液；
(3)配制药剂：称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎50分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2500份常温水，采用文火煎45分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并，将得到的合并药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
实施例3：
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香12份、没药13份、红花11份、桃仁13份、蒲公英21份、连翘22份、金银花23份、甘草13份、香附13份、无花果36份。
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.8，进行超声波处理，超声波处理的条件为25kHz，功率为280W，时间为0.5h，然后至于30℃条件下发酵，发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％，发酵过程中微波处理，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为每天25s，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶1；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，酶解，分离得上清液；
(3)配制药剂：称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎50分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000份常温水，采用文火煎45分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并，将得到的合并药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
实施例4
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香19份、没药17份、红花18份、桃仁16份、蒲公英29份、连翘28份、金银花28份、甘草17份、香附19份、无花果58份。
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.8，进行超声波处理，超声波处理的条件为20kHz，功率为250W，时间为1h，然后至于25℃条件下发酵，发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％，发酵过程中微波处理，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为每天25s，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶1.5；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，酶解，分离得上清液；
(3)配制药剂：称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎50分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000份常温水，采用文火煎45分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并，将得到的合并药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
实施例5
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，该片剂由以下原料及用量配制：乳香18份、没药16份、红花17份、桃仁15份、蒲公英26份、连翘26份、金银花25份、甘草16份、香附18份、无花果55份。
一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述片剂配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.9，进行超声波处理，超声波处理的条件为20kHz，功率为230W，时间为0.5h，然后至于30℃条件下发酵，发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％，发酵过程中微波处理，所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为每天25s，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶1；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5，酶解，分离得上清液；
(3)配制药剂：称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎40分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000份常温水，采用文火煎40分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并，将得到的合并药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
下表为使用本发明的中药片剂治疗奶牛乳房炎结果统计
从表中可以看出本发明对奶牛乳房炎具有很好的治疗效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进，这些改进应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，其特征在于该组合物由以下原料及用量配制：乳香10-20份、没药10-20份、红花10-20份、桃仁10-20份、蒲公英20-30份、连翘20-30份、金银花20-30份、甘草10-20份、香附10-20份、无花果30-60份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，其特征在于该组合物由以下原料及用量配制：乳香12-19份、没药13-17份、红花11-18份、桃仁13-16份、蒲公英21-29份、连翘22-28份、金银花23-28份、甘草13-17份、香附13-19份、无花果36-58份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂，其特征在于该组合物由以下原料及用量配制：乳香18份、没药16份、红花17份、桃仁15份、蒲公英26份、连翘26份、金银花25份、甘草16份、香附18份、无花果55份。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按上述组合物配比称取无花果，将无花果中加入纯净水，配成无花果和纯净水料液比为1∶1.6-1.9，进行超声波处理，然后至于25-35℃条件下发酵，发酵过程中微波处理，发酵1-3天过滤，得发酵渣；
(2)将发酵渣用纯净水清洗1-3遍，加复合酶和2份水，酶解，分离出上清液和固体渣；分别对上清液和固体渣进行干燥，混合，得纤维；
(3)称取除无花果的其他原料混合；向混合好的药剂中加入2500～3000份常温水，浸泡30分钟；武火煮沸后，采用文火继续煎40～50分钟，过滤，得到药渣和一次药液；向所述药渣中再加入2000～2500份常温水，采用文火煎40～45分钟，过滤，得二次药液；将一次药液和二次药液合并得到药液I；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的药液I离心沉淀，得到的药液II，采用乙醇沉淀法对药液II进行两次提取，以除去淀粉、蛋白质和某些多糖类杂质，得到药液III；其中，第一次提取采用的乙醇浓度为50％～60％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇；第二次提取采用的乙醇浓度为75％～85％，离心后取上清液，然后减压蒸馏回收乙醇，药液III步骤置于超临界萃取仪中的萃取釜中，利用二氧化碳作为介质进行萃取，萃取釜压力为18Mpa，萃取温度为55℃，分离器压力12Mpa，分离器温度为60℃，萃取1.5小时，得到萃取液；萃取液在外循环浓缩器浓缩，浓缩条件为：压力0.03Mpa，温度70℃，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.14的浸膏；浸膏与占浸膏总质量10％的淀粉或糖粉、及步骤(2)得到纤维均匀混合，制成湿粒，将湿粒于50℃干燥，加入占药物总质量1％的硬脂酸镁，混匀，用压片机压成片剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，其特征在于：在步骤(1)所述的恒温发酵时，添加醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌，醋酸杆菌和葡萄糖氧化杆菌添加量分别是无花果重量的0.5％和0.3％。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的超声波处理的条件为20-25kHz，功率为200-280W，时间为0.5-1h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的微波处理的条件为1.05kHz，功率为500W，时间为25s。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种治疗奶牛乳房炎的中药片剂的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的无花果与复合酶的重量比为100∶0.5-2；所述的复合酶为无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的混合物，无花果蛋白酶，木瓜蛋白酶，葡萄糖淀粉酶的质量比为2∶1∶5。
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