CN107815881A - 一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法 - Google Patents

一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法 Download PDF

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CN107815881A
CN107815881A CN201711030204.XA CN201711030204A CN107815881A CN 107815881 A CN107815881 A CN 107815881A CN 201711030204 A CN201711030204 A CN 201711030204A CN 107815881 A CN107815881 A CN 107815881A
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base cloth
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yarns
clathrum
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CN107815881B (zh
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蔡芳
董旭明
张利方
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Zhejiang Cady Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法,包括网格层和基布层，网格层和基布层表面依次设有防水涂层和耐磨涂层；所述基布层由第一涤纶低弹丝和第二涤纶低弹丝按3：1的比例经编而成，第一涤纶低弹丝的单丝截面为四角星形，基布层的横向密度为25圈/厘米，纵向密度为30圈/厘米；基布层的经编圈内设有玻璃纤维纱，玻璃纤维纱按上下交错的方式穿过经编圈和定型孔。本发明通过单丝截面为四角星形第一涤纶低弹丝，可以有效提高基布层的经编密度和力学性能，通过第一涤纶低弹丝、第二涤纶低弹丝和玻璃纤维纱的配合，可以提高涂料层的吸附效果，使面料具有稳定性好，使用寿命长的特点。

Description

一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织布料技术领域，特别是一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，人们对面料的需求也日益增加，而用于制作雨棚、雨衣或帐篷的面料则需要有极高的防水和耐磨性能。但现有的面料大多通过在普通面料上添加防水剂的方式来实现面料的防水性能，而防水涂层会随着面料的使用逐渐磨损和掉落，从而降低了面料的防水稳定性；并且现有的防水面料为了提高面料的舒适感和透气性，往往在一定程度上降低了面料的受力强度和耐晒性，导致面料在使用时会因外力的拉扯或长期的日晒出现变形或纱线性能弱化的现象，降低了面料的使用寿命。因此，现有的防水面料存在稳定性差，使用寿命短的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种高密度防水型面料及其加工方法。它具有稳定性好，使用寿命长的特点。
本发明的技术方案：一种高密度防水型面料，包括相互连接的网格层和基布层，网格层和基布层表面依次设有防水涂层和耐磨涂层；所述网格层由60D的锦纶纤维纱编织而成，网格层上均匀分布有若干蜂窝状的定型孔，所述基布层由40D的第一涤纶低弹丝和60D的第二涤纶低弹丝按3：1的比例经编而成，第一涤纶低弹丝的单丝截面为四角星形，基布层的横向密度为25圈/厘米，纵向密度为30圈/厘米；基布层的经编圈内设有玻璃纤维纱，玻璃纤维纱按上下交错的方式穿过经编圈和定型孔。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料中，所述防水涂层按重量份计由以下组分构成：水性聚氨酯树脂65～83份，水30～40份，有机硅化合物20～30份，丁酮15～20份，二异氰酸已烷6～8份，交联剂6～10份，甲基乙醇胺3～5份，氯磺化聚乙烯5～8份，聚乙二醇双硬脂酸脂2～5份。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料中，所述耐磨涂层按重量份计由以下组分构成：酚醛树脂30～40份，环烷酸钴12～15份，领苯二甲酸二辛酯8～12份，碳化硅6～10份，硬化剂5～8份，气相二氧化硅5～8份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4～7份。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
①经熔体纺丝机将聚酯切片制成单丝截面为四角星形状的涤纶单丝，并卷绕形成64D/16F的预取向丝，得A纱；
②将A纱依次进行拉伸、假捻、定型和加油工序，加油后卷绕成型，制成纤度为40D/16F的涤纶低弹丝，得B纱；
③将多组B纱经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得C纱；
④将多组60D的涤纶低弹丝经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得D纱；
⑤通过经编机将C纱和D纱按3：1的比例编织成基布层，基布层的横向密度为25圈/厘米、纵向密度为30圈/厘米，编织时C纱的张力控制在8克，D纱的张力控制在10克，形成基布层；
⑥将60D锦纶纤维纱织成分布有蜂窝状定型孔的网格层；
⑦将基布层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工序，染色时基布层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂；
⑧将网格层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工作，染色时网格层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂和3％的阳离子型抗静电剂；
⑨将玻璃纤维纱按上下交错的方式穿过基布层的经编圈和网格层的定型孔，使基布层和网格层相互连接紧密，得复合面料；
⑩将复合面料烘干后依次涂覆防水涂层和耐磨涂层，然后加热至190℃后进行拉复和定干，得成品。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法中，所述A纱在拉伸时的温度为170℃-195℃，A纱在定型时的温度为150℃-180℃。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法中，所述A纱在假捻时加捻机和加捻罗拉的速度比为1：1.7。
前述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法中，所述基布层和网格层在染色时的温度为130℃-140℃，染色时间为20-40分钟。
与现有技术相比，本发明通过单丝截面为四角星形的第一涤纶低弹丝，可以有效提高第一涤纶低弹丝与外界的接触面积和摩擦力，从而提高了第一涤纶低弹丝和第二涤纶低弹丝之间由于摩擦产生的吸引力，使基布层在编织后能达到横向密度25圈/厘米、纵向密度30圈/厘米的纱线密度，使基本层自身具有良好的防水性能和受力强度，从而降低了防水涂层对面料防水性的影响，提高了面料的防水稳定性和使用寿命；通过第一涤纶低弹丝接触面积的增加，使防水涂层和耐磨涂层可以更加充分的吸附在第一涤纶低弹丝的表面，并配合特殊配比的防水涂层和耐磨涂层，提高了面料的防水性能和耐磨性能；通过第一涤纶低弹丝和第二涤纶低弹丝的纤度差，可以使基布层的表面形成凹凸不平的起伏面，从而增加基布层与涂料层的接触面积，进一步提高了面料对涂层的吸附效果；通过具有蜂窝孔状的网格层，可以有效提高面料自身的受力强度和回弹性，使面料在受力后不会出现变形或褶皱的问题，从而减缓了涂料层的磨损速度，提高了面料的稳定性和使用寿命。此外，本发明将玻璃纤维纱通过经编圈和定型孔连接网格层和基布层，在提高了面料受力强度的同时能够有效减弱经编圈对基布层防水性能的影响，并且玻璃纤维纱在编织后可以进一步提高面料与涂料层的接触面积，并配合第二涤纶低弹丝降低了防水涂层与外界的摩擦面积，进一步减缓了涂层的磨损速度，提高了面料的稳定性和使用寿命。
本发明在加工时分别对基布层和网格层进行单独浸染，提高了面料整体的染色效果，并且浸染时选用的染料为高日晒牢度染料，能够有效提高面料在恶劣的外部环境下的稳定性；通过基布层染料中的无氟防水剂，使基布层在染色的同时提高自身的防水效果，通过网格层染料中无氟防水剂和阳离子型抗静电剂，可以提高网格层防水性和抗静电性，从而缓解因第一涤纶低弹丝摩擦力较大产生的静电效果；将基布层和网格层染色后通过烘干可以有效去除附着在面料表面的水珠，从而使涂料层能够均匀的附着在面料上，并能够最大化的提升第一涤纶低弹丝对涂料的吸附力，使面料在涂覆后具有良好的稳定性和使用寿命。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是基布层的结构示意图；
图3是第一涤纶低弹丝的截面图。
附图中的标记为：1-网格层，2-基布层，3-防水涂层，4-耐磨涂层，5-玻璃纤维纱，201-第一涤纶低弹丝，202-第二涤纶低弹丝。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限制的依据。
实施例。一种高密度防水型面料，构成如图1、2和3所示，包括相互连接的网格层1和基布层2，网格层1和基布层2表面依次设有防水涂层3和耐磨涂层4；所述网格层1由60D的锦纶纤维纱编织而成，网格层1上均匀分布有若干蜂窝状的定型孔，所述基布层2由40D的第一涤纶低弹丝201和60D的第二涤纶低弹丝202按3：1的比例经编而成，第一涤纶低弹丝201的单丝截面为四角星形，基布层2的横向密度为25圈/厘米，纵向密度为30圈/厘米；基布层2的经编圈内设有玻璃纤维纱5，玻璃纤维纱5按上下交错的方式穿过经编圈和定型孔。
所述防水涂层3按重量份计由以下组分构成：水性聚氨酯树脂65份，水40份，有机硅化合物20份，丁酮20份，二异氰酸已烷6份，交联剂10份，甲基乙醇胺3份，氯磺化聚乙烯8份，聚乙二醇双硬脂酸脂2份；
或水性聚氨酯树脂65份，水30份，有机硅化合物30份，丁酮15份，二异氰酸已烷8份，交联剂6份，甲基乙醇胺5份，氯磺化聚乙烯5份，聚乙二醇双硬脂酸脂5份。
所述耐磨涂层4按重量份计由以下组分构成：酚醛树脂30份，环烷酸钴15份，领苯二甲酸二辛酯8份，碳化硅10份，硬化剂5份，气相二氧化硅8份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4份；
或酚醛树脂40份，环烷酸钴12份，领苯二甲酸二辛酯12份，碳化硅6份，硬化剂8份，气相二氧化硅5份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯7份；
前述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
①经熔体纺丝机将聚酯切片制成单丝截面为四角星形状的涤纶单丝，并卷绕形成64D/16F的预取向丝，得A纱，四角星形的涤纶单丝在编织后可以提高纱线之间因摩擦产生的吸力，从而提高了面料的力学性能和编织密度，并且四角星形的涤纶单丝相比常规的圆形丝线增加表面的接触面积，使染料和涂料可以更加充分的粘附在纱线表面，从而增加面料的防水性能和使用寿命；
②将A纱依次进行拉伸、假捻、定型和加油工序，加油后卷绕成型，制成纤度为40D/16F的涤纶低弹丝，得B纱，通过纤度为40D/16F的涤纶低弹丝，可以有效提高基布层的经编密度，使基布层自身具有良好的防水性能；
③将多组B纱经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得C纱；
④将多组60D的涤纶低弹丝经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得D纱；
⑤通过经编机将C纱和D纱按3：1的比例编织成基布层，基布层的横向密度为25圈/厘米、纵向密度为30圈/厘米，编织时C纱的张力控制在8克，D纱的张力控制在10克，形成基布层；
⑥将60D锦纶纤维纱织成分布有蜂窝状定型孔的网格层，通过锦纶纤维纱良好的回弹性能和力学性能，可以缓解基布层回弹性差的问题，通过蜂窝状的定型孔可以在不影响网格层力学性能的情况下提高涂料的吸附效果；
⑦将基布层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工序，染色时基布层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂，在染料中添加防水剂能够使防水剂能够更加充分的吸附在纱线表面，从而提高纱线的防水效果；并且由于防水面料大多用在户外，导致面料在使用时需要承受长时间的日晒，因此选用高日晒牢度的染料能够提高面料的抗晒效果；
⑧将网格层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工作，染色时网格层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂和3％的阳离子型抗静电剂，由于第一涤纶低弹丝中的涤纶单丝提高了丝线的摩擦力，降低了基布层的防静电效果，因此在网格层中加入防水剂和阳离子型抗静电剂可以有效缓解基布层防静电能力差的问题；
⑨将玻璃纤维纱按上下交错的方式穿过基布层的经编圈和网格层的定型孔，使基布层和网格层相互连接紧密，得复合面料，玻璃纤维纱自身具有较强的力学性能和耐热、耐腐蚀性，提高了面料在恶劣的外界环境下的稳定性和使用寿命；
⑩将复合面料烘干后依次涂覆防水涂层和耐磨涂层，然后加热至190℃后进行拉复和定干，得成品，本发明具有较高的耐水洗劳度，可以经30次水洗后依然保持原有的防水性能。
所述A纱在拉伸时的温度为170℃-195℃，A纱在定型时的温度为150℃-180℃。
所述A纱在假捻时加捻机和加捻罗拉的速度比为1：1.7，1.7的速度比能使40D/16F的涤纶低弹丝在假捻后具有适宜的弹性和蓬松度。
所述E纱和F纱在染色时最适宜的温度范围为130℃-140℃，染色时间为20-40分钟，该范围内可以使染料中的无氟防水剂和阳离子型抗静电剂能够充分的吸附在基布层和网格层的表面。

Claims (7)

1.一种高密度防水型面料，其特征在于：包括相互连接的网格层(1)和基布层(2)，网格层(1)和基布层(2)表面依次设有防水涂层(3)和耐磨涂层(4)；所述网格层(1)由60D的锦纶纤维纱编织而成，网格层(1)上均匀分布有若干蜂窝状的定型孔，所述基布层(2)由40D的第一涤纶低弹丝(201)和60D的第二涤纶低弹丝(202)按3：1的比例经编而成，第一涤纶低弹丝(201)的单丝截面为四角星形，基布层(2)的横向密度为25圈/厘米，纵向密度为30圈/厘米；基布层(2)的经编圈内设有玻璃纤维纱(5)，玻璃纤维纱(5)按上下交错的方式穿过经编圈和定型孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度防水型面料，其特征在于，所述防水涂层(3)按重量份计由以下组分构成：水性聚氨酯树脂65～83份，水30～40份，有机硅化合物20～30份，丁酮15～20份，二异氰酸已烷6～8份，交联剂6～10份，甲基乙醇胺3～5份，氯磺化聚乙烯5～8份，聚乙二醇双硬脂酸脂2～5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高密度防水型面料，其特征在于，所述耐磨涂层(4)按重量份计由以下组分构成：酚醛树脂30～40份，环烷酸钴12～15份，领苯二甲酸二辛酯8～12份，碳化硅6～10份，硬化剂5～8份，气相二氧化硅5～8份，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯4～7份。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
①经熔体纺丝机将聚酯切片制成单丝截面为四角星形状的涤纶单丝，并卷绕形成64D/16F的预取向丝，得A纱；
②将A纱依次进行拉伸、假捻、定型和加油工序，加油后卷绕成型，制成纤度为40D/16F的涤纶低弹丝，得B纱；
③将多组B纱经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得C纱；
④将多组60D的涤纶低弹丝经整经机卷绕形成经轴，得D纱；
⑤通过经编机将C纱和D纱按3：1的比例编织成基布层，基布层的横向密度为25圈/厘米、纵向密度为30圈/厘米，编织时C纱的张力控制在8克，D纱的张力控制在10克，形成基布层；
⑥将60D锦纶纤维纱织成分布有蜂窝状定型孔的网格层；
⑦将基布层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工序，染色时基布层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂；
⑧将网格层依次进行去油、染色和脱水脱干工作，染色时网格层的染料为高日晒牢度染料，染料内添加有5％的FCB48无氟防水剂和3％的阳离子型抗静电剂；
⑨将玻璃纤维纱按上下交错的方式穿过基布层的经编圈和网格层的定型孔，使基布层和网格层相互连接紧密，得复合面料；
⑩将复合面料烘干后依次涂覆防水涂层和耐磨涂层，然后加热至190℃后进行拉复和定干，得成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述A纱在拉伸时的温度为170℃-195℃，A纱在定型时的温度为150℃-180℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述A纱在假捻时加捻机和加捻罗拉的速度比为1：1.7。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高密度防水型面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述基布层和网格层在染色时的温度为130℃-140℃，染色时间为20-40分钟。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN109487567A (zh) * 2018-10-09 2019-03-19 南京哈昵特户外用品有限公司 一种多涂层防水布料的制造方法
CN113430841A (zh) * 2021-07-02 2021-09-24 江西彩帛针织品有限公司 一种防水布料及其制备方法
CN116288947A (zh) * 2023-03-21 2023-06-23 无锡爱勒普科技有限公司 一种丝网印刷用复合无纺布及其制备方法
CN116288947B (zh) * 2023-03-21 2024-01-19 无锡爱勒普科技有限公司 一种丝网印刷用复合无纺布及其制备方法

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