CN1078143C - 感知和传送车辆轮胎参数的发送应答器和传感器装置 - Google Patents

感知和传送车辆轮胎参数的发送应答器和传感器装置 Download PDF

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CN1078143C
CN1078143C CN96193184A CN96193184A CN1078143C CN 1078143 C CN1078143 C CN 1078143C CN 96193184 A CN96193184 A CN 96193184A CN 96193184 A CN96193184 A CN 96193184A CN 1078143 C CN1078143 C CN 1078143C
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哈维·J·库尔卡
詹姆斯·E·李
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
    • B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
    • B60C23/0433—Radio signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
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    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
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    • B60C23/0433—Radio signals
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    • B60C23/0454—Means for changing operation mode, e.g. sleep mode, factory mode or energy save mode
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
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Abstract

本发明将带有板上电源(14)的发射应答器和传感器装置装在车辆轮胎中或轮胎上。压强传感器(50)、温度传感器(110)和轮胎转动传感器与发射应答器、电源(14)及天线(36)一起装在机盒(7)中。一旦收到来自远处询问器的询问信号，发射应答器便启动传感器去感知轮胎压强和温度，并以来自传感器的轮胎状态参数数据去反向散射调制来自询问器的射频信号，并将被调制的信号返回给询问器。

Description

感知和传送车辆轮胎参数的发送应答器和传感器装置
一般说来，本发明涉及车辆的轮胎，更具体地说，是涉及装在车辆轮胎中或轮胎上的用于发送轮胎识别和/或轮胎运转状态数据的发送应答器(transponder)。
近来，人们对于在车辆轮胎中或轮胎上安装发送应答器以提供制造和使用轮胎过程中的轮胎标识数据产生了兴趣。进一步的发展导致了把这种发送应答器装在轮胎中以感知和发送轮胎压强数据以及轮胎标识数据，如美国专利4,911,217号、5,181,975号及5,218,861号。
在这些专利和其他有关专利中披露的装置利用一个被动集成电路发射应答器，它在制造轮胎过程中直接装在轮胎内部或者装在贴到轮胎外侧壁上的贴片下面。发送应答器响应来自轮胎外部单元的询问信号，并使用该询问信号作为电能源来发送关于轮胎标识码和/或轮胎压强数据的数字信号。由于在轮胎内发送应答器安装在大多数车辆轮胎中都会有的钢带附近，故需要一种特殊的天线。这种天线为两个分开的电极或者线圈绕组的形式。再有，要求这种发射应答器安装在轮胎中的特定位置，以便能以适当的信号强度水平接收和发射信号而不受到干扰。
除了将轮胎的唯一轮胎标识码存储在集成电路发送应答器的存储器中，这种装置还将一个压强传感器装到包含发送应答器的电路板上，以在收到询问信号时提供压强数据。这种压强传感器的形式可以是具有可变电导率的弹性材料，以及压电电阻传感器、硅电容压强传感器或带有导电墨水的可变电导薄片。发送应答器包括一电路对压强数据进行数字化以便单独发送或与轮胎标识码一起发送给外部的询问源。
美国专利4,695,823号披露了一种发送应答器，它带有一个内部的或者说在板上的电源，其形式是与电池相连的长周期振荡器。该振荡器在设定的时刻启动温度和/或压强传感器以得到轮胎的温度和压强。被感知的温度和压强与预置的温度和压强阈值进行比较，当阈值被超过时，发送应答器便向外部位置(如装在车辆上的灯光显示器)发送一个代表超限温度或压强信号的编码信号，以指示至少温度和压强之一的阈值已被超过。
然而，这种装在轮胎上的发射应答器尽管有效地发送轮胎标识和某些轮胎压强和温度数据，但也并非不受限制。大多数先前装备的装在轮胎上的发送应答器是被动的并且要从外部询问信号源得到电能。这就限制了外部询问信号源和发送应答器之间的有效距离范围。的确，这种外部询问源利用了一种手提短杖，它必须放在紧邻轮胎处来向轮胎上的发送应答器发送询问信号和接收来自发送应答器的数据信号。
这种装在轮胎上的发送应答器还需要特殊的天线结构和在轮胎上的安装位置，以提供适当的数据信号强度。再有，由于这种发送应答器只在接收到询问信号的时候才启动，或者在设定的时刻通过发送应答器板上的振荡器启动，因此这种发送应答器发送的只是收到询问信号时或收到来自板上的振荡器信号时的瞬时压强和温度数据。这种发送应答器不能主动地积累压强和温度数据(如在一个设定轮胎使用周期内的极大和极小压强和温度值)。这种装在轮胎上的发送应答器还不能利用使用英里数来确定轮胎的实际使用状态。对于确定轮胎状态以延续使用、确定剩余可用寿命、安全或不安全状态等，前面提到的极大的和极小温度和压强值以及轮胎使用程度都是极其有用的参数。
这样，就希望提供一种发送应答器和传感器装置，它能装在车辆轮胎内部或轮胎上的多个不同位置而且不需要特殊的天线结构。还会希望提供这样一种装在轮胎上的发送应答器和传感器装置，它以半主动方式运转，以在轮胎在车辆上使用期间自动和连续地感知、记录和发送轮胎运转参数。还会希望提供一种装在轮胎上的发送应答器和传感器装置，它能存储这种轮胎运转参数以使其后当从外部控制源收到询问信号时发送给外部控制源。还希望提供一种装在轮胎上的发送应答器和传感器装置，它能监测各种轮胎运转参数，包括预定时间段内的压强、温度和轮胎转数，并能检测至少是这些参数中某些参数的极大和极小值。还希望提供一种装在轮胎上的发送应答器和传感器装置，它能在轮胎的整个预期寿命期间运转而无需修理或更换部件。最后，还希望提供一种装在轮胎上的发送应答器和传感器装置，它能在与先前设计的装在轮胎上的发送应答器相比更长的距离上接收来自外部控制源的询问信号和向外部控制源发送轮胎运转参数。
本发明是一种发送应答器和传感器装置，用于感知车辆轮胎状态参数并向车辆外部的远处发送这些参数。
该装置包括一个装在轮胎内部或轮胎上的机盒。装在机盒内的发送应答器包括处理器装置和存储器，该存储器用于存储由处理器装置执行的控制程序。作为发送应答器一部分的接收器装置用于接收来自远处询问源的询问信号。反向散射调制装置作为发送应答器的一部分与处理器装置相连。反向散射调制装置用传感器输出数据调制从远处源收到的询问信号，并把包括传感器数据以及存储器中存储的其他数据的反向散射调制信号返回给询问源。
传感器装置装在机盒中用于感知一个或多个轮胎参数，如压强、温度和/或轮胎转数。传感器装置向处理器装置输出代表被感知的轮胎参数的信号。
在一个最佳实施例中，传感器装置包括一个装在机盒中的压强传感器用于感知轮胎的空气压强。还在机盒中装入一个温度传感器用于感知轮胎的温度。在机盒中还装入一个轮胎转数传感器用于检测轮胎的每个完整的360°转动。
每个传感器的输出信号是处理器的输入。可以把压强和温度传感器输出与先前的或预置的极大和/或极小压强和温度值作比较，并在必要时把更新了的这种极大和极小值存入存储器中。
在机盒中装有电源，用于向处理器装置、接收器装置及传感器装置提供电能。还在机盒中或机盒上装有天线，用于接收来自远处询问源的询问信号及向远处询问源返回被反向散射调制的信号。
一旦收到来自远处询问源的询问信号，处理器便启动传感器去感知与前轮胎压强和温度。然后反向散射调制装置用传感器数据和其他轮胎信息调制这个Rf(射频)询问信号，并把反向散射调制信号返回给远处询问源，该调制信号中包含的数据代表了被感知的轮胎参数，包括下列数据的部分或全部：当前轮胎压强和温度、累积轮胎转数、在预定时间周期内的极大和极小压强和温度、轮胎标识码、在车辆上的具体轮胎位置、以及其他存储在发送应答器存储器中的其他有用的轮胎状态数据。
远程询问源有一个适当的控制装置，当装有一个或多个本发明的发送应答器的车辆处于预定距离内时，该控制装置便在该预定距离上发射一射频询问信号。控制装置还接收和解码来自识别出的发送应答器的Rf(射频)信号，并把射频信号中包含的数据存储起来和/或把这种数据转发给一个外部主机供分析和存储等。控制装置还可以有能力把数据写入发送应答器中的处理器以存储在处理器的存储器中。
本发明的装置克服了先前设计的装在轮胎上的发送应答器所遇到的某些限制。本发明包括一个反向散射调制器，它对Rf询问信号进行反向散射调制。这样便不需要在发送应答器中放置单独的发射机，从而减小了总的电源需求和增加了装置中电源的使用寿命。反向散射调制器把感知的轮胎参数数据(如轮胎压强、轮胎温度和/或轮胎转数、以及存储于发送应答器的存储器中的其他轮胎识别或运转特性)调制到Rf询问信号上以便回送给询问源。
本发明的装置包括一个发送应答器，它和板上电源及各种传感器一起装在单一的小机盒中，从而便于把这种装置装在车辆轮胎中或轮胎上的多个不同的可能安装位置。电源提供足够的能量使装置在轮胎的整个使用寿命一直运转，包括轮胎的若干次翻新。
通过参考下文中的详细描述和图件，会更清楚地看出本发明的各种特点、优点和其他应用。这些附图是：
图1是根据本发明的原理构成的装置的部分截面侧视图，其中去掉了一部分密封材料以显示出其中装入的部件；
图2是总体上沿图1中2-2线截取的截面图；
图3是图1中所示发送应答器的方框图；
图4是图1和图2中所示装置的主要部件方框图；
图5是图1、2、4中所示装置的示意图；
图6是图2中所示压强传感器的截面图；
图7是一截面图，表现出该装置在车辆轮胎内部的安装情况；
图8是一截面图，表现出该装置在车辆轮胎内衬垫上的安装情况；以及
图9是远程询问单元的方框图。
现在参考附图，特别是图1和图2，图中描述的装置10适于装在车辆轮胎内或轮胎上，它在运转过程中感知各种轮胎状态参数并将这些参数发送给远处的询问单元。
装置10包括一个电绝缘的片基12。最好是如下文所述，片基12为挠性的，使其能在装到车辆轮胎内部或轮胎上时适应于轮胎的形状。仅作为举例，片基12由以注册商标“KAPTON”出售的挠性聚酰胺膜构成。
片基1 2、下文中要描述的各种传感器以及装在片基12上或装在片基1 2邻近的发送应答器，这些都装在一个由密封介质7构成的机盒7中。最好是，密封介质7由硫化橡胶构成，以与车辆轮胎相协调。介质7可以做成任意形状。仅作为举例，介质7可由基本上是平面的第一表面8、与其相对的平面第二表面9、以及把第一和第二表面8和9结合起来的渐窄侧壁构成。
如图2及详细绘出的图4和图5所示，在片基12上装有电源，例如电池14。任何尺寸小而寿命长具有适当安时容量的适当电池14都可以被采用。仅作为举例，可以采用由Hade Park，Massachusetts(马萨诸塞的海德帕克)Battery Engineering(电池工程)公司制造的7-10型3.67伏0.07安时的锂亚硫酰氯化物电池可以用作为电池14。这种电池的尺寸特别小，其直径约为7.0mm，长度约为7.8mm。电池14的两端用导体连到装置10的运转部件，并通过电缆15连到发送应答器18。
在装置10中使用的发送应答器是射频发送应答器，它装在容器19中。发送应答器18及相应电路由电缆15连到电源或电池14以及下文要描述的其他部件。
如图3所示，发送应答器18包括处理器装置或中央处理单元20，它与存储器22通信。存储器22可以是任何适当形式的存储器，如熔丝存储器、ROM、RAM、SRAM、EEPROM。存储器22用于存储器中央处理单元执行的控制程序以及如下文所述的各种数据值，它们代表轮胎运转状态或参数，唯一轮胎标识码，在车辆上轮胎具体位置等。
中央处理单元20经由电缆15通过数字I/O端口26和一模拟端口28接收来自传感器电路的信号。数字I/O端口26接收来自装在片基12上或装在片基12外部的适当传感器或其他装置的通/断信号。模拟端口28连接到一个或多个模拟装置，如压强传感器和/或温度传感器，见下文所述。多个数字或模拟传感器可以进行多路组合，作为单一输入分别送到数字I/O端口26或模拟端口28，或者在各自单独的数字或模拟通道上提供。
Rf检测器接收由天线36检测到的来自远处询问单元的Rf信号，信号中包含特定的轮胎标识码。该信号被解码器38解码并输入到中央处理单元20，中央处理单元20把这一代码与存储在存储器22中的相应轮胎标识码进行比较，以确定彼此是否匹配和确定装有发送应答器18的轮胎的适当标识。这个唯一的标识码使单个远处询问源能与一个或多个车辆上的大量轮胎中选定的一个轮胎进行通信。
天线36可以是调谐到一特定谐振频率的任何适当的天线。例如、天线36被描绘成装在片基12上的贴片天线。这种贴片天线是一单个固体导体板，它的表面面积确定天线36的调谐谐振频率。其他类型天线也可用于本发明，这取决于来自询问源的Rf信号频率。这样，天线36可以从容器7向外延伸。并装在轮胎中，或者装在容器7的外部。
如图2及更详细的图6所示，压强传感装置50装在片基12上的容器7中。可以在片基12上提供一放大器52(见图4和图5)，以在压强传感装置50的输出信号被输入到发送应答器18之前由此放大器加以放大。任何适于测量车辆轮胎压强的适当的压强传感装置50都可用于本发明中。仅作为举例，如硅压强传感器，型号NPC-103(由Fremont，California的Lucas Nova Sensor制造)便可以采用。这种传感器是一种压敏传感器，装在一个陶瓷表面包装外壳中。其他类型压强传感器也可用作压强传感装置50。
如图6中详细描绘的那样，压强传感器50装在与侧壁相连的陶瓷基底51上，它位于密封介质或机盒7所形成和包围的凹槽中。在侧壁中形成的空穴通过机盒12中形成的开口55开通。压强传输介质57(例如高温硅过滤器)被放置在内部空腔中，并从空腔上表面延伸到与压强传感器50接触，以把压强从轮胎传送给压强传感器50。压强传输介质57的暴露表面由装在机盒7内表面上的弹性的或橡胶的薄膜覆盖，它暴露于轮胎或轮胎内部的空气腔室以把轮胎空气压强传送给传输介质57。
压强传感器50产生一个正比于作用其上的输入压强的毫伏输出信号。这个输出信号被运算放大器52放大，并通过图3所示发射应答器18的模拟端口28输入到模拟/数字转换器54，它把信号数字化然后输入到中央处理单元20。
温度传感器装置110也装在片基12上并感知车辆轮胎内的空气温度或轮胎本身的温度。温度传感器装置110可以是能产生与被感知的周围温度成正比的模拟输出信号的任何适当的传感器。例如，由National Semi-conductor制造的型号为LM 35 CAZ的温度传感器可用于本发明。温度传感器110的输出连于发射应答器18的模拟端口并通过该端口进行多路转换，再由模拟/数字转换器54转换成数字值输入到中央处理单元20。如果必要的话，可提供放大器放大温度传感器装置110的输出，然后再输入到模拟端口28。
根据本发明的独特特性，装置10有轮胎转动检测器装置120用于检测安装装置10的轮胎的每个转动。图4所示转动检测器装置120可以采取任何适当的形式，如响应外部产生的磁场的磁检测器，每当轮胎完成一次360°转动它便产生一个输出。也可以在片基12上安装一个G传感器，对传感器的每次上/下转动产生一个信号。转动检测器装置的输出被输入到计数器122，它累计和存储总共的轮胎转数。一旦收到来自发送应答器18的信号，计数器122便通过数字I/O端口26把轮胎总转数输出给中央处理单元20。转动检测器120和计数器122装在片基12上。
图4和图5分别给出装置10各部件的方框图和示意图。如图4和图5所示，对发送应答器18的输入包括温度传感器110的输出，作为可选择功能，该输出可在通过如图4所示运算放大器之后提供给发送应答器的输入。运算放大器52通过模拟端口28接收压强传感器50的被放大的输出。
电源或电池14提供一输出电压，标为VBATT。该电压被输入给驱动器130和电源开关电路132。如下文所述，驱动器130由来自发送应答器18的信号启动，并产生一个信号给电源开关132，电源开关132由一对并行MOSFET构成(这仅作为举例)。一旦初始接收到来自远处询问源的Rf信号，发送应答器便产生一个脉冲送给第一MOSFET133，它把电源提供给装置10的所有部件。
驱动器130的一个输出信号还输入到计时器装置134，它产生的输出信号在预定时间段内保持“通”状态。该计时器可以是如图4和图5中所示的单独部件，或者可把它的所描述的功能纳入到由发送应答器18的处理器20所执行的软件中。
计时器134的输出信号使控制电压VCC在预定时间段内锁定在“通”状态，这借助于使另一个MOSFET 135切换到“通”状态，从而提供一个时间窗，在此时间窗期间分别由温度传感器110和压强传感器50来感知轮胎的温度和压强。这个时间窗也用于向远处询问源回送被感知的轮胎参数温度和压强，以及转数和其他参数，见下文中的描述。
一般地说，图9所示询问器80产生一个询问信号，该信号由发射机84发射并由远处的发送应答器18的天线36拾取。如前所述，该信号启动发送应答器18并使发送应答器18的中央处理单元20访问各种传感器50、110、122。然后发送应答器使传感器输出数据通过编码器70(见图3)来实现对传感器输出数据的反向散射调制。编码器70可以使用各种代码对数据编码，例如在美国专利5,055,659号(这里引用其内容作为参考)中披露的代码。然后，被编码的数据被送到调制器72，它通过改变天线36上的Rf负载来调制反向散射从而把编码信号回送给询问器80。在美国专利4,739,328(其内容也在这里引用作为参考)中更详细地描述了反向散射调制技术。
如图9所示，询问器或者说询问源80包括一个适当的控制器82，例如运行所存储控制程序的中央处理单元。控制器82选择适当的数据速率83，并以特定的发送应答器代码通过发射机84向天线85输出询问信号。来自装置10的被反向散射调制的信号也由天线85接收和输入到接收机86。来自发送应答器18的反向散射调制信号由天线85传送给接收机86,在解码器87中解码，并输出到控制82。然后，来自一个或多个装置10的轮胎状况参数数据从询问器80通过适当的通信电路(包括并行、RS232、RS-485及以太网通信电路)输出到外部主计算机90，还被再次传输回到RFID18，供存储于指定RFID18的存储器中。
除了传输轮胎、压强及转数信息外，发送应答器18还能在每个信号中向远处询问源传送下表所示轮胎的各种其他数据。
表1参数名              单位     描述轮胎状态            N/A      当前轮胎状态(存货、在运输中、被安装
                         的、车辆、备用、放弃)TMC工厂             N/A      TMC RP210工厂代码TMC尺寸             N/A      TMC RP210尺寸代码TMC型号             N/A      TMC RP210型号代码TMC日期             N/A      TMC RP210日期TMC编号             N/A      TMC RP210编号车辆ID              N/A      车辆标识码目标压强            kPa/6    希望的轮胎压强警告低值            kPa/6    低压强警告限警告高值            kPa/6    高压强警告限极限低值            kPa/6    低压强极限极限高值            kPa/6    高压强极限双胎警告差          kPa      双轮胎压强差警告限双胎极限差          kPa      双轮胎压强差极限警告温度            ℃+55    高温警告限极限温度            ℃+55    高温极限轮胎位置            N/A      轮胎在车辆上的位置车辆轮胎图          N/A      车辆轮胎位置的位图车辆型号            N/A      车辆型号代码车队名称              N/A      车队名称极小压强              kPa/6    装在车辆上之后遇到的极小压强极小压强日期          日       极小压强日期极小压强距离          km/32    极小压强距离极高温度              ℃+55    装到车辆上之后遇到的极高温度极高温度日期          日       极高温度日期极高温度距离          km/32    极高温度距离最后一次读里程        km×10   最后一次里程计读数最后一次读里程日期    日       最后一次读里程计的日期轮胎总距离            km×10   累计总距离最后压强              kPa/6    最后一次压强取样最后温度              ℃+55    最后一次温度取样最后日期              日       最后一次取样日期最后距离              km/32    最后一次取样的距离所用油料              升×10   所用总油料量修理记录              N/A      修理记录次数MX DOT1               N/A      修理/再处理设施DOT IDMX型号1               N/A      再处理/修理代码MX日期1               日       维修日期MX距离1               km/32    在修理/再处理时的轮胎距离
前面描述的发送应答器18在收到远处询问源80的启动信号时，如果存在匹配的适当标识码，则启动发送应答器18发送轮胎温度、轮胎压强和当前轮胎转数。根据本发明，通过修改存储器32中存储的控制程序，可以修改发送应答器18的运行，从而使发送应答器18除了在收到来自远处询问源80的启动信号时被启动外，还能根据它自己的意愿来启动。在这另一种运行方式下，发送应答器18能产生适当的启动信号并直接送给驱动器130，然后由驱动器130启动电源开关132以打开计时器134来设置适当的数据收集时间窗(见前文所述)。这种自动产生启动信号可以基于任何选定时间间隔的时间基准。
再有，在这种运行方式下，发送应答器18的作用是：在车辆运行的任何时刻(例如每天一次，每当车辆启动时一次等)把轮胎参数信息(如压强、温度、当前轮胎转数)存储在存储器22中，从而提供轮胎运行特性的更准确历史记录。这对于感知特定轮胎在其运行期间经历的极大和/或极小压强与温度是特别重要的。
现在参考图7和图8，图中描述了把装置10装在车辆轮胎(整个轮胎用参考标号60表示)内或轮胎上的两个安装位置。传统上轮胎60是装在胎环62上，并包括一个内边缘64与胎环62紧密接触。轮胎60的可变形侧壁66从内边缘64延伸到轮胎60的线状部分68，如图7中所示，装置10可以在制造轮胎时整个装在轮胎60内部。合适的安装位置是在与边缘64相邻的侧壁66的上部，因为在使用轮胎60期间这一位置显示出的挠曲程度最小。
图8中显示出装置10的另一个安装位置。在这一安装实施例中，装置10安装在轮胎60内与边缘64相邻的内衬套上。弹性贴片或薄膜59放在装置10上并密封结合到内衬套上，从而把装置10固定地对准装在轮胎60上。
总之，已经描述了一种独特的装置，它感知并向远处询问单元发送车辆轮胎状况参数。该装置的尺寸小，从而能在轮胎制造过程中把它容易地装在轮胎内部，或者利用弹性贴片把它附着在轮胎的内衬套上。该装置包含一个板上电源，从而能在轮胎整个寿命期间积累轮胎运行参数，并积累这些参数以便在收到来自远处询问单元的询问信号时把这些参数传送给询问单元。以这种方式，可把各种轮胎参数数据，如轮胎使用期间经历的极大和极小轮胎压强及温度以及轮胎的累计转数提供出来，以得到轮胎的完整的使用历史，以确定它的磨损程度、可能的剩余寿命、安全运行条件等。

Claims (11)

1.一种感知有侧壁的车辆轮胎中轮胎状况参数数据并响应来自远处询问源的Rf信号而把感知的轮胎状况参数数据发送给远处询问器的装置，该装置包括应答器装置、处理器装置、传感器装置和电源装置，所述装置容纳在装在轮胎上的机盒中，其特征在于
所述机盒适于装在车辆轮胎侧壁上，且在所述机盒中安装有：
(a)应答器，包括处理器装置、存储器及用于从远处询问器接收询问信号的接收器装置；
(b)传感器装置，适于感知变化的轮胎参数，并产生一个向处理器装置的输出信号，该信号代表在传感时刻被感知轮胎参数的大小；
(c)电源装置，适于向处理器装置、存储器、接收装置及传感器装置提供电能；以及
(d)响应收到的询问器Rf信号的反向散射调制装置，用于以代表被感知轮胎状况参数大小的输出信号去反向散射调制Rf信号，并把被反向散射调制的信号回送给远处询问器。
2.如权利要求1中所述的装置，其特征在于传感器装置包括：
装在机盒上的压强传感器，用于感知装有机盒的轮胎的空气压强。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于压强传感器装置包括：
压强换能器及与压强传感器接触的压强传递介质，该压强传递介质适合暴露于安装机盒的轮胎的空气腔中。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于传感器装置包括：
装在机盒中的温度传感器装置，用于感知装有机盒的轮胎的温度。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于传感器装置包括：
装在机盒中的装置，用于检测机盒的每次完全的360°转动并产生输出信号。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于检测装置还包括：
响应检测装置输出信号的装置，用于对检测装置的输出信号求总数，作为累积转数。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于
处理器装置监测传感器装置的输出信号；以检测出预定时间段上一个轮胎参数的至少一个极大值和极小值。
8.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于
机盒由密封材料构成，用于密封处理器装置、存储器、接收器装置、电源、传感器装置、以及反向散射调制装置。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于
计时器装置，它响应来自处理器装置的启动信号并与传感器装置相连，用于只在由计时器装置设置的预定时间段期间启动传感器装置以感知轮胎的状态参数。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于
处理器装置响应从远处询问器收到的Rf信号，产生一个给计时器装置的启动信号。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于
远程询问器包括一个控制装置，它有询问器发射机装置用于发射Rf询问信号，还包括询问器接收机用于接收远处产生的信号。
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JP6686104B1 (ja) * 2018-11-14 2020-04-22 Ｔｏｙｏ Ｔｉｒｅ株式会社 タイヤ
KR102634357B1 (ko) * 2018-12-04 2024-02-07 현대자동차주식회사 타이어 공기압 감시 장치 및 방법
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US11571936B1 (en) 2019-05-13 2023-02-07 Unicus Innovations Llc Self contained tire inflator
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MX9706909A (es) 1998-06-30
EP0812270B1 (en) 2003-05-14
DE69628147T2 (de) 2004-02-19
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WO1996028311A1 (en) 1996-09-19
EP0812270A4 (en) 1999-07-28
AU5186296A (en) 1996-10-02
JPH11504585A (ja) 1999-04-27
CA2214700A1 (en) 1996-09-19
ATE240219T1 (de) 2003-05-15
AU705274B2 (en) 1999-05-20
CN1181039A (zh) 1998-05-06
JP3381194B2 (ja) 2003-02-24
US5731754A (en) 1998-03-24
DE69628147D1 (de) 2003-06-18
ES2193236T3 (es) 2003-11-01
EP0812270A1 (en) 1997-12-17

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