CN107813397B - 一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000050510 Cunninghamia lanceolata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005446 dissolved organic matter Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QLURSWHJVYRJKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;urea Chemical class O=C.NC(N)=O.NC(N)=O QLURSWHJVYRJKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法。该方法先制备热固性酚醛树脂,然后制得竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,再将杉木纤维、石蜡和竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,其次置于预压机中进行预压,再次移入热压机中进行热压处理,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板。该方法借助特定的处理技术将竹粉和酚醛树脂加工成泡沫颗粒复合体系,以此泡沫颗粒复合体系替换纤维板材料的部分层结构,通过增强原材料系统的多孔性达到减轻重量的目的,有效地降低加工工艺的复杂性,提高加工工艺的可控性和产品密度的调控性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于轻质纤维板技术领域,特别涉及一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法。
背景技术
现有的轻质纤维板材料是以低密度速生木材为原料,加入改性脲醛树脂、酚醛树脂或异氰酸酯等胶黏剂,在板材热压过程结合发泡工艺实现轻质化,即在纤维和纤维之间形成微孔而减轻重量,目前的技术大多集中于热压-发泡复合工艺的创新研究,其瓶颈在于热压工艺相对模式化,在热压过程中调控发泡工艺参数较为困难,且热压时间相对延长,加工效率较低。此外,若加工多种密度的轻质纤维板材料,需要反复调整热压参数,增加操作的复杂性、且产品密度不可调控。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是如何克服现有技术的上述缺陷,提供一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法。该方法借助特定的处理技术将竹粉和酚醛树脂加工成轻质高强、具有一定孔隙结构的泡沫颗粒复合体系,以此泡沫颗粒复合体系替换纤维板材料的部分层结构,通过增强原材料系统的多孔性达到减轻重量的目的。相比于现有加工技术,其采用泡沫颗粒复合体系作为填加剂使用,有效地降低加工工艺的复杂性,提高加工工艺的可控性和产品密度的调控性。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
2、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理,以便于提高后期的处理效果和处理效率;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,增加竹粉内部孔隙率,再热处理80分钟,增加竹粉表面孔隙率,得到微孔竹粉,通过将爆破法和热处理法相结合,有效提高竹粉内外表面孔隙率,为降低材料密度打好基础;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:为防止酚醛树脂与竹粉复合时填充竹粉内部孔隙,采用溶胶凝胶法对竹粉微孔进行保护处理;通常认为溶胶凝胶法在干燥时存在气体排放和收缩的缺陷,而本发明恰是利用这一点在低温时隔绝酚醛树脂浸渍竹粉,而在后续高温条件下通过气体溢出和收缩释放微孔;具体方法为:首先制备冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入碳酸氢钠、TWEEN-20以及制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌15~20分钟,然后加入硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入模具中,在干燥箱中进行发泡,此时,竹粉微孔中的凝胶在高温作用下收缩、释放气体,在释放竹粉内部孔隙的同时,有助于酚醛树脂的发泡;最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到轻质高强、且具有一定孔隙结构的竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
3、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将杉木纤维、石蜡和竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板。
如此设计,通过特定的处理技术将竹粉和酚醛树脂加工成轻质高强、具有一定孔隙结构的泡沫颗粒复合体系,以此泡沫颗粒复合体系替换纤维板材料的部分层结构,通过增强原材料系统的多孔性达到减轻重量的目的。相比于现有加工技术,其创造性地采用通过特定的处理技术所得的泡沫颗粒复合体系作为填加剂使用,有效地降低加工工艺的复杂性,提高加工工艺的可控性和产品密度的调控性。
作为优化,所述步骤2的2.5中干燥竹粉的含水率需提高至30%~35%,微波辐照的处理功率为13KW、处理时间为100s,热处理温度条件为230℃~260℃。如此设计,通过于微波设备中进行微波辐照,处理功率为13KW、处理时间为100s,有效增加竹粉内部孔隙率,并且继续在230℃~260℃条件下热处理80分钟,有效增加竹粉表面孔隙率;将爆破法和热处理法相结合,有效提高竹粉内外表面孔隙率,为降低材料密度打好基础、且效果最佳。
作为优化,所述步骤2的2.6中混合溶液中冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:9:100,微孔竹粉和混合溶液的体积比为1:5;以去离子水和氨水配置的混合滴加液pH值为8。如此设计,生成的凝胶比较稳定。
作为优化,所述步骤2的2.7中:热固性酚醛树脂为原料总重量的20%~40%,碳酸氢钠为15%~20%,TWEEN-20为2.5%~3.0%,充满胶体的微孔竹粉为35%~50%,硼酸为8%~10%,模具预先加热至70±5℃,进行发泡的干燥箱的温度为70±5℃。如此设计,酚醛树脂的发泡效果较佳,且能够与微孔竹粉充分结合。
作为优化,所述步骤3中杉木纤维为原料总重量的15%~75%,石蜡为5%,竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒为10%~70%,改性脲醛树脂胶为10%、且改性脲醛树脂胶的固含量为60%;预压机的预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s;热压机的热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm。如此设计,在遵从传统人造板热压工艺的基础上,仅需要调控杉木纤维和竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量,即可得到目标密度的产品。
作为优化,根据竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量不同,所述轻质竹木基纤维板的密度可在0.28~0.42 g/cm3范围内调控。如此设计,可通过控制竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒和杉木纤维的添加量有效调控轻质竹木基纤维板的密度范围。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明,设计科学、构思巧妙,通过借助特定的处理技术将竹粉和酚醛树脂加工成轻质高强、具有一定孔隙结构的泡沫颗粒复合体系,以此泡沫颗粒复合体系替换纤维板材料的部分层结构,通过增强原材料系统的多孔性达到减轻重量的目的;相比于现有加工技术,其采用泡沫颗粒复合体系作为填加剂使用,有效地降低加工工艺的复杂性,提高加工工艺的可控性和产品密度的调控性。具有较好的实际应用价值和推广价值。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法作进一步说明:
图1是竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量和轻质竹木基纤维板的密度的关系示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下参照附图并举实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1:一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
2、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,再热处理80分钟,得到微孔竹粉;提高干燥竹粉的含水率至30%~35%,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,处理功率为13KW,处理时间为100s,再在230℃~260℃条件下热处理80分钟,得到所需微孔竹粉;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:首先制备体积比为1:9:100的冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入体积比为1:5的微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置pH值为8的混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取原料总重量35%的制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入18%的碳酸氢钠、3.0%的TWEEN-20以及44%制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌20分钟,然后加入10%的硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入预先加热至70±5℃的模具中,在70±5℃的干燥箱中进行发泡,最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
3、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将取原料总重量75%的杉木纤维、5%的石蜡和10%的竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入10%固含量为60%的改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到生产厚度为20mm、密度为0.42 g/cm3的轻质竹木基纤维板。
实施例2:一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
2、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,再热处理80分钟,得到微孔竹粉;提高干燥竹粉的含水率至30%~35%,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,处理功率为13KW,处理时间为100s,再在230℃~260℃条件下热处理80分钟,得到所需微孔竹粉;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:首先制备体积比为1:9:100的冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入体积比为1:5的微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置pH值为8的混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取原料总重量35%的制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入18%的碳酸氢钠、3.0%的TWEEN-20以及44%制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌20分钟,然后加入10%的硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入预先加热至70±5℃的模具中,在70±5℃的干燥箱中进行发泡,最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
3、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将取原料总重量55%的杉木纤维、5%的石蜡和30%的竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入10%固含量为60%的改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到生产厚度为20mm、密度为0.36 g/cm3的轻质竹木基纤维板。
实施例3:一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
2、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,再热处理80分钟,得到微孔竹粉;提高干燥竹粉的含水率至30%~35%,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,处理功率为13KW,处理时间为100s,再在230℃~260℃条件下热处理80分钟,得到所需微孔竹粉;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:首先制备体积比为1:9:100的冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入体积比为1:5的微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置pH值为8的混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取原料总重量35%的制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入18%的碳酸氢钠、3.0%的TWEEN-20以及44%制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌20分钟,然后加入10%的硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入预先加热至70±5℃的模具中,在70±5℃的干燥箱中进行发泡,最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
3、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将取原料总重量35%的杉木纤维、5%的石蜡和50%的竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入10%固含量为60%的改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到生产厚度为20mm、密度为0.31 g/cm3的轻质竹木基纤维板。
实施例4:一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
2、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,再热处理80分钟,得到微孔竹粉;提高干燥竹粉的含水率至30%~35%,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,处理功率为13KW,处理时间为100s,再在230℃~260℃条件下热处理80分钟,得到所需微孔竹粉;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:首先制备体积比为1:9:100的冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入体积比为1:5的微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置pH值为8的混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取原料总重量35%的制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入18%的碳酸氢钠、3.0%的TWEEN-20以及44%制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌20分钟,然后加入10%的硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入预先加热至70±5℃的模具中,在70±5℃的干燥箱中进行发泡,最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
3、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将取原料总重量15%的杉木纤维、5%的石蜡和70%的竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入10%固含量为60%的改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到生产厚度为20mm、密度为0.28 g/cm3的轻质竹木基纤维板。
由于密度范围可调控,因此对应的力学指标等值给出相应的范围值。
可见,在原料总重量不变以及石蜡和改性脲醛树脂胶含量固定的情况下,根据竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量不同,轻质竹木基纤维板的密度可在0.28~0.42 g/cm3范围内调控,由实验测量数据得到图1所示的量化关系,从而构建得到轻质竹木基纤维板的密度的模拟公式为Y=0.0075X2-0.0845X+0.4975,R2=0.9996,其中,Y-轻质竹木基纤维板的密度g/cm3,X-竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量%,R2-曲线的相关系数。
上述具体实施方式仅是本发明的具体个案,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,皆应落入本发明的专利保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
( 1) 、热固性酚醛树脂的制备:
取一定量摩尔比为1:1.6的苯酚和甲醛溶液置于反应器中,然后加入一定量与苯酚的摩尔比为0.35:1的氢氧化钠作为催化剂,加热搅拌,以4℃/min的速率升温至90℃,恒温反应120min,再加盐酸调节pH值至6.8~7.2,降温至70℃时真空脱水,得到热固性酚醛树脂,备用;
( 2) 、竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的制备:
2.1、加工竹片:选取3-5年生毛竹,通过开片机进行开片处理,去除竹青和竹黄,然后用粉碎机进行粉碎处理;
2.2、竹片蒸煮:在85±5℃的蒸煮池中蒸煮10~12小时,去除竹材中的可溶性有机物;
2.3、竹片干燥:将蒸煮后的竹片放置于85±5℃的干燥箱中干燥至绝干;
2.4、加工竹粉:将绝干后的竹片放入研磨器中研磨,经80目筛选后,得到干燥竹粉;
2.5、加工微孔竹粉:提高干燥竹粉的含水率,将其置于微波设备中进行微波辐照,再热处理80分钟,得到微孔竹粉;
2.6、微孔竹粉保护:首先制备冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的混合溶液,放入微孔竹粉,并持续搅拌制成原液体系;然后以去离子水和氨水配置混合滴加液;其次在常温下,将混合滴加液逐渐滴入原液体系中,直至得到胶体;最后形成胶体,静止20分钟,然后在压力作用下将竹粉过滤出来,得到充满胶体的微孔竹粉;
2.7、制备竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒:首先取制备好的热固性酚醛树脂,依次加入碳酸氢钠、TWEEN-20以及制备好的充满胶体的微孔竹粉,在转速为1200rpm的条件下常温快速搅拌15~20分钟,然后加入硼酸,并快速搅拌1~2min,然后放入模具中,在干燥箱中进行发泡,最后将发泡好的材料用粉碎机加工成直径为5mm的颗粒,即得到竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒,备用;
( 3) 、轻质竹木基纤维板的制备:
首先将杉木纤维、石蜡和竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒放入搅拌机中,然后喷入改性脲醛树脂胶,搅拌均匀后铺装,然后置于预压机中进行预压,然后移入热压机中进行热压处理,最后经卸压,冷却,裁板,养生,得到一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2的2.5中干燥竹粉的含水率需提高至30%~35%,微波辐照的处理功率为13KW、处理时间为100s,热处理温度条件为230℃~260℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2的2.6中混合溶液中冰醋酸、钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇的体积比为1:9:100,微孔竹粉和混合溶液的体积比为1:5;以去离子水和氨水配置的混合滴加液pH值为8。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2的2.7中:热固性酚醛树脂为原料总重量的20%~40%,碳酸氢钠为15%~20%,TWEEN-20为2.5%~3.0%,充满胶体的微孔竹粉为35%~50%,硼酸为8%~10%,模具预先加热至70±5℃,进行发泡的干燥箱的温度为70±5℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3中杉木纤维为原料总重量的15%~75%,石蜡为5%,竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒为10%~70%,改性脲醛树脂胶为10%、且改性脲醛树脂胶的固含量为60%;
预压机的预压压力为0.8MPa,预压时间30s;
热压机的热压单位压力为0.5MPa,热压温度为120℃,热压时间为40s/mm。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种密度可控的轻质竹木基纤维板的制备方法,其特征在于:根据竹粉酚醛树脂复合泡沫颗粒的添加量不同,所述轻质竹木基纤维板的密度可在0.28~0.42 g/cm3范围内调控。
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