CN107811963A - 可溶性微针系统及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可溶性微针系统,包括微针阵列和基底,该微针阵列和基底均包含下述重量百分比的原料组分:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0~80%,透明质酸或其盐0~80%,泊洛沙姆0~20%,羧甲基纤维素钠0~10%;其中,透明质酸或其盐与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重量百分比含量不同时为零;泊洛沙姆与羧甲基纤维素钠的重量百分比含量不同时为零。本发明还公开了上述可溶性微针系统在制备化妆品或缓释药物中的应用。本发明的可溶性微针系统,能有效延缓化妆品成分或药物的释放速度,明显改善美容或治疗效果,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,尤其涉及一种可溶性微针系统及其应用。
背景技术
角质层的屏障作用是化妆品成分或药物递送到皮肤中的最大障碍。微针可以有效的穿透角质层,提高化妆品成分或药物向皮肤内递送的效率,因此在美容和医疗方面有广阔的应用前景。金属微针反复使用易造成针尖断裂,如果断裂的针尖残留在皮肤中可能对人体造成危害。此外金属微针如果消毒不彻底,还有可能造成疾病的交叉传染。可溶性微针由生物相容性良好的水溶性高分子材料制成。这类微针不存在金属微针的上述缺点,并且在刺入皮肤后可以快速溶解或膨胀,将化妆品成分或药物释放到皮肤。因此,可溶性微针是微针系统发展的一个重要方向。
可溶性微针系统通常由聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)和透明质酸(HA)等材料制成。这些高分子材料生物相容性良好,由其制成的可溶性微针有足够的机械强度可以刺破角质层,并且快速溶解,从而有效的将化妆品成分或药物递送到皮肤中。但这些材料制备的微针系统的一个明显的缺点是不能控制化妆品成分或药物的释放速度,因此不适合作为需要缓释、长效的化妆品成分或药物的载体。
研究可以延缓化妆品成分或药物从微针体系中释放速度的可溶性微针系统是研究领域的一个重要研究方向。已有专利报道将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与葡聚糖或海藻酸盐等按照适当的比例组合制备可溶性微针。这种报道的可溶性微针在刺入皮肤后可以形成水凝胶,从而延缓药物的释放速度,但PVA仅能用作局部给药或眼用制剂的辅料,不能用作注射剂的辅料。已有研究表明,大鼠皮下注射5%的PVA水溶液会引起贫血,并浸润不同器官和组织。可溶性微针可以刺破皮肤,其包载的化妆品成分、药物和制备微针的材料都可以吸收进入体循环。以PVA作为制备可溶性微针的材料存在一定的安全性风险。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可溶性微针系统,该微针系统不仅安全性良好,而且能有效延缓化妆品成分或药物的释放速度,可显著改善美容或治疗效果。
此外,还提供一种上述可溶性微针系统的应用。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明通过如下技术方案实现:
在本发明的一个方面,提供了一种可溶性微针系统,包括微针阵列和基底,该微针阵列和基底均包含下述重量百分比的原料组分:
其中,透明质酸或其盐与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重量百分比含量不同时为零;泊洛沙姆与羧甲基纤维素钠的重量百分比含量不同时为零。
在本发明中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、透明质酸或其盐作为制成可溶性微针系统的基础性高分子材料,可以选择其中一种,也可以两种同时采用。
泊洛沙姆是一种由中部疏水的聚氧丙烯链侧面连接两段亲水聚氧乙烯链构成的非离子式三嵌段共聚物,它是一种生物相容性良好的合成高分子材料。
羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-NA)是一种生物相容性良好的纤维素衍生物,其水溶液具有一定的粘性,不仅可用作片剂的黏合剂,而且还可用作注射剂的助悬剂。
本发明将聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)和/或透明质酸(HA)或其盐、以及泊洛沙姆和/或CMC-NAa按照适当的比例组合,得到一种安全性能良好,并且可以延缓化妆品成分或药物释放速度的可溶性缓释微针系统,该微针系统能有效改善美容或治疗效果。本发明中添加的泊洛沙姆和/或羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-NA),通过在微针中形成水凝胶来延缓化妆品成分或药物的释放,并且可用作注射剂的辅料,安全性良好。
在本发明的实施例中,泊洛沙姆优选采用泊洛沙姆407,能取得很好的缓释效果。
优选的,所述可溶性微针系统中各高分子材料的重均分子量为2000-1000000。更优选的,聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)的重均分子量为8000(PVPK17)和40000(PVPK30);更优选的,透明质酸(HA)或其盐的重均分子量为10000以下、100000、200000-400000和1000000。
本发明的可溶性微针系统可以单独使用;可以直接包载化妆品成分或药物;也可以先将化妆品成分或药物包载在脂质体、纳米粒等载体中、再载入微针系统中。
优选的,所述包载化妆品成分或药物的载体包括聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒/微球、聚乳酸纳米粒/微球、脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、或纳米结构脂质载体等,其粒径为20-5000nm。更优选的,所述聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒、聚乳酸纳米粒、脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒或纳米结构脂质载体的粒径为100-300nm;更优选的,所述聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球、聚乳酸微球的粒径为1000-3000nm。
所述化妆品成分/药物与载体的重量比例为1:10-1:100;包载化妆品成分/药物的载体与组成微针和基底的水溶性高分子材料的重量比例为1:40-1:200之间。
所述化妆品成分或药物均为广义的概念,对其溶解性能(亲水性、疏水性和两亲性)和分子量(小分子:500Da以下;大分子:500Da以上)没有特殊的限定。所述药物既包括小分子药物如乌头碱,也包括大分子药物如胰岛素、疫苗、佐剂和单克隆抗体等。
优选的,所述微针的高度为200-1000微米,其中针尖的高度为100-300微米,针尖的角度为30-40度。
对于可溶性微针系统,针尖是其负载有效成分的有效部位。但针尖部位的体积有限,因此可溶性微针负载有效成分的能力有限。将制备微针所需的高分子材料水溶液在室温下或加热条件下干燥是制备可溶性微针系统最常用的方法。将有效成分添加在高分子材料水溶液中,是可溶性微针载药的最常用方法。与水溶性或亲水性有效成分相比,疏水性有效成分在可溶性微针系统中的包载量可能更低。纳米粒,脂质体等微粒给药系统适合包载各种性质的有效成分,可以容纳亲水性、疏水性、两亲性、大分子和小分子的有效成分,并且提高其稳定性。将有效成分先包载在纳米粒或脂质体等载体中再载入可溶性微针中可以提高有效成分的稳定性,还可以提高可溶性微针对于疏水性有效成分的包载量。
在本发明的另一方面,还提供了上述可溶性微针系统在制备化妆品中的应用。
本发明可溶性微针系统具有足够的硬度和机械强度,可以穿透角质层,并且形成水凝胶,能有效地将化妆品成分递送到皮肤中,还能通过缓释化妆品成分显著改善美容效果。
在本发明的另一方面,还提供了上述可溶性微针系统在制备缓释药物中的应用。
本发明可溶性微针系统,不仅能有效地将药物递送到皮肤中,而且还能延缓药物的释放速度,显著提高治疗效果。
本发明的可溶性微针系统,通过在普通微针系统材料中添加泊洛沙姆和/或羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na),使制得的可溶性微针系统能有效延缓化妆品成分或药物的释放速度,明显改善美容或治疗效果,具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明的可溶性微针系统示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1的载胰岛素可溶性微针对小鼠的降糖效果比较图;
图3是本发明实施例2的载盐酸普萘洛尔可溶性微针对自发性高血压大鼠收缩压的影响结果图;
图4是本发明实施例2的载盐酸普萘洛尔可溶性微针对自发性高血压大鼠舒张压的影响结果图。
具体实施方式
本发明的可溶性微针系统,包括微针阵列和基底(见图1),该微针阵列和基底均包含下述重量百分比的原料组分:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮0~80%,透明质酸或其盐0~80%,泊洛沙姆0~20%,羧甲基纤维素钠0~10%;其中,透明质酸或其盐与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重量百分比含量不同时为零;泊洛沙姆与羧甲基纤维素钠的重量百分比含量不同时为零。该微针系统能有效延缓化妆品成分或药物的释放速度,明显改善美容或治疗效果。
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例1 可溶性微针系统的制备
反转模具制备:将PDMS基质和固化剂以体积比10:1的比例混合均匀,静置除去气泡后,将其浇筑在硅微针上,在微电脑电热板上加热,80℃加热3小时使其固化,待其由流动性很强的液态加热固化成固态为止,然后揭膜,得到表面具有与HA微针针体的形状和数量相适配的针孔的PDMS反转模具。
按照表1所示的比例制备聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和/或透明质酸(HA)、以及泊洛沙姆407和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)这三种或四种高分子材料混合溶液,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到可溶性微针,微针中高分子材料重量百分比见表2。
表1制备微针所需高分子材料混合溶液比例
表2微针中高分子材料重量百分比
实施例2 载胰岛素可溶性微针的制备及缓释效果比较
反转模具制备:将PDMS基质和固化剂以体积比10:1的比例混合均匀,静置除去气泡后,将其浇筑在硅微针上,在微电脑电热板上加热,80℃加热3小时使其固化,待其由流动性很强的液态加热固化成固态为止,然后揭膜,得到表面具有与HA微针针体的形状和数量相适配的针孔的PDMS反转模具。
将胰岛素粉末加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和/或透明质酸(HA)、以及泊洛沙姆407和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)这三种或四种高分子材料的混合溶液中(这些高分子材料在混合溶液中的重量百分比如表1所示),注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载胰岛素可溶性缓释微针三。
同时,采用相同的方法制备以下载胰岛素微针,用于比较:
1.将胰岛素粉末加入PVPK17和HA的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载胰岛素普通微针。
2.将胰岛素粉末加入PVPK17、HA和泊洛沙姆407的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载胰岛素缓释微针一。
3.将胰岛素粉末加入PVPK17、HA和CMC-Na的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载胰岛素缓释微针二。
通过小鼠降糖实验评价所制备的胰岛素可溶性微针的缓释性能。采用乙醚吸入法麻醉将ICR小鼠麻醉,用宠物剃毛器小心剃除腹部毛发,待小鼠恢复24小时后,肉眼观察,将无皮肤破损作为实验对象。将剃除腹部毛发的小鼠随机分成6组,采用乙醚吸入法麻醉,分别给予空白微针,胰岛素普通微针(以PVP和HA为基质材料制备的载胰岛素可溶微针),胰岛素缓释微针一、二和三,胰岛素注射液。在给药和给药后0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、5、6、7、8h断尾取血,用血糖仪记录血糖浓度。
各组小鼠给药后,小鼠血糖浓度变化曲线见图2。由图2可见,胰岛素注射液起效迅速、降糖效果明显,但持续时间较短;胰岛素普通微针同样起效迅速,也有较好的降糖效果,但持续时间较短;胰岛素缓释微针一和二缓释效果不明显;胰岛素缓释微针三不仅具有较好的降糖效果,而且可以在较长的时间内维持平稳的血糖水平,其原因可能是泊洛沙姆407和CMC-NA-Na形成水凝胶,有效延缓了胰岛素的释放速度。
实施例3 载盐酸普萘洛尔可溶性微针的制备及缓释效果比较
将盐酸普萘洛尔加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和/或透明质酸(HA)、以及泊洛沙姆407和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)这三种或四种高分子材料的混合溶液中(这些高分子材料在混合溶液中的重量百分比如表1所示),注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载盐酸普萘洛尔缓释微针三。
同时,采用相同的方法制备以下载盐酸普萘洛尔微针,用于比较:
1.将盐酸普萘洛尔加入PVPK30和HA的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载盐酸普萘洛尔普通微针。
2.将盐酸普萘洛尔加入PVPK30、HA和泊洛沙姆407的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载盐酸普萘洛尔缓释微针一。
3.将盐酸普萘洛尔加入PVPK30、HA和CMC-Na的混合溶液中,注入PDMS反转模具,填充微针孔至满,放置在密闭容器中在3倍大气压放置3分钟,将填充好的微针模具置于干燥器内干燥24小时,将微针从PDMS反转模具中剥离,得到载盐酸普萘洛尔缓释微针二。
以自发性高血压大鼠为实验动物,以普萘洛尔普通微针(以PVP和HA为基质材料制备的载盐酸普萘洛尔可溶性微针)为对照,考察盐酸普萘洛尔缓释微针的降压效果。盐酸普萘洛尔普通微针或缓释微针单次给药后自发性高血压大鼠收缩压和舒张压的变化情况见图3和图4。
由图3和图4可见,盐酸普萘洛尔普通微针给药后,自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压均出现明显的下降,但持续时间较短,给药后8小时左右,自发性高血压大鼠的收缩压和舒张压基本上回复到给药前的水平;盐酸普萘洛尔缓释微针一和二缓释作用不明显;盐酸普萘洛尔可溶性微针降压作用较为平缓,并且这种降压作用在单次给药后至少可持续24h。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,包括微针阵列和基底,该微针阵列和基底均包含下述重量百分比的原料组分:
其中,透明质酸或其盐与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的重量百分比含量不同时为零;泊洛沙姆与羧甲基纤维素钠的重量百分比含量不同时为零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述原料中各物质的重均分子量为2000-1000000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述微针阵列和基底均还包含化妆品成分或药物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述化妆品成分或药物直接包载在微针中或先包载在载体中、再将该载体载入微针中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述载体包括聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒/微球、聚乳酸纳米粒/微球、脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、或纳米结构脂质载体,所述载体的粒径为20-5000nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述微针的高度为200-1000微米。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述微针的针尖高度为100-300微米,该针尖的角度为30-40度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统,其特征在于,所述泊洛沙姆为泊洛沙姆407。
9.权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统在制备化妆品中的应用。
10.权利要求1所述的可溶性微针系统在制备缓释药物中的应用。
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