CN107794459A - 一种汽车发动机气缸盖 - Google Patents

一种汽车发动机气缸盖 Download PDF

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CN107794459A
CN107794459A CN201710967541.5A CN201710967541A CN107794459A CN 107794459 A CN107794459 A CN 107794459A CN 201710967541 A CN201710967541 A CN 201710967541A CN 107794459 A CN107794459 A CN 107794459A
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夏志清
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Nanjing Xingchun Machinery Co ltd
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Abstract

一种汽车发动机气缸盖，气缸盖包括用于发动机进气的进气门部件和与进气门部件相配合的进气门座圈，对发动机气门进行碳氮共渗热处理提高进气门的硬度及强度，避免出现腐蚀点；进气门座圈进行深冷处理提高其耐冲击和疲劳性能；分别对进气门座圈和发动机气门进行涂覆涂层两个涂层相互配合达到小磨损量的效果。

Description

一种汽车发动机气缸盖
技术领域
本发明涉一种汽车发动机气缸盖，属于汽车发动机配件技术领域。
背景技术
汽车进排气门和进排气门座圈是发动机气缸的基础件，其质量的好坏直接影响发动机功率和油耗等主要性能指标，对发动机的可靠性影响极大。进排气门和进排气门座圈的工作环境恶劣，它不但承受高速冲击负荷，而且要在具有腐蚀气体条件下 工作，因此发动机进排气门和进排气门座圈已经成为需要经常更换的易损件，因此提高气门和气门座圈的使用质量和寿命是一个及需解决的问题。
发明内容
一种汽车发动机气缸盖，气缸盖包括用于发动机进气的进气门部件和与进气门部件相配合的进气门座圈，
进气门座圈化学元素组成为（重量百分比）：C:0.06-0.07﹪，Si：2-3﹪，Cu：1-2﹪，W：0.8-0.9﹪，Cr：0.4-0.5﹪，Ni：0.2-0.3﹪，Nb：0.2-0.3﹪，V：0.1-0.2﹪，Ti：0.07-0.08﹪，Al：0.05-0.06﹪，Mn：0.02-0.03﹪，Mg：0.02-0.03﹪，Mo：0.01-0.02﹪，Ce：0.01-0.02﹪，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
进气门座圈制备方法：包括以下步骤：按照上述比例配制合金，原料熔炼、浇注，脱模后，得到的气门座圈坯体送入加热炉，升温至900℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在620℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理10分钟，在空气中回升到室温；之后对坯体进行精细机加工，
对精细机加工后的进气门座圈进行涂覆碳化钨系涂层；碳化钨系材料层包括（重量）：碳化钨80份，氧化硅10-20份，将涂覆后的气门座圈进行加热，升温至600℃，升温速率200℃/小时，保温10小时，后空冷至室温，得到最终的进气门座圈，
制造进气门具体步骤为：
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，进气门主体材料为：C0.13-0.27%，Si3.4-4%，Mn0.8-0.95%，P≤0.035%，S≤0.035%，Ti1.2-1.9%，Cr 5-7%，W 3-4%，Ni2.8-3.24%，Co 1-1.2%，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65%-85%，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1050-1080℃保温10s后水淬，450-500℃回火；然后980-1010℃保温10s后油淬，430-440℃回火；最后950-970℃保温10s后油淬，380-410℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工，
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6%，氮势1.2-1.4%，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%，降低氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温2h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%，降低氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温2h，最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%，降低氮势至0.4-0.5%，保温2.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-920℃，保温3h，降温至820-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.2～1.3%之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1%之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在70℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在50℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度180℃，时间150-200分钟，
对工件锥面磨削加工，
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：150-200℃预热，非转移弧电压20V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-12mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co 38.5-40%，Ni 0.68-0.95%，B 0.1-0.25%，Ta 0.2-0.6%，Sn 1-3%，Gd 0.12-0.26%，C 0.05-0.13%，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层，涂层厚度约10-15微米；之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度约5-10微米，得到进气门。
上述发明内容相对于现有技术的有益效果在于：1）本发明铁基合金材料可以充分满足发动机气门主体材料的强度要求；2）对发动机气门进行碳氮共渗热处理提高进气门的硬度及强度，避免出现腐蚀点； 3）通过堆焊处理使得发动机气门锥面达到更高的耐磨性和耐冲击，相应的疲劳性能也得到提高；4）通过对发动机气门涂覆涂层，提高材料的防腐、耐高温、耐磨性能。5）进气门座圈进行深冷处理提高其耐冲击和疲劳性能；5）分别对进气门座圈和发动机气门进行涂覆涂层两个涂层相互配合达到小磨损量的效果。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种汽车发动机气缸盖，气缸盖包括用于发动机进气的进气门部件和与进气门部件相配合的进气门座圈，
进气门座圈化学元素组成为（重量百分比）：C:0.067﹪，Si：2.8﹪，Cu：1.9﹪，W：0.87﹪，Cr：0.46﹪，Ni：0.27﹪，Nb：0.28﹪，V：0.19﹪，Ti：0.079﹪，Al：0.058﹪，Mn：0.028﹪，Mg：0.027﹪，Mo：0.018﹪，Ce：0.017﹪，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
进气门座圈制备方法：包括以下步骤：按照上述比例配制合金，原料熔炼、浇注，脱模后，得到的气门座圈坯体送入加热炉，升温至900℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在620℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理10分钟，在空气中回升到室温；之后对坯体进行精细机加工，
对精细机加工后的进气门座圈进行涂覆碳化钨系涂层；碳化钨系材料层包括（重量）：碳化钨80份，氧化硅18份，将涂覆后的气门座圈进行加热，升温至600℃，升温速率200℃/小时，保温10小时，后空冷至室温，得到最终的进气门座圈，
制造进气门具体步骤为：
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，进气门主体材料为：C0.25%，Si 3.9%，Mn0.93%，P≤0.035%，S≤0.035%，Ti1.8%，Cr 6.7%，W 3.7%，Ni 3.1%，Co1.17%，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65%-85%，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1075℃保温10s后水淬，490℃回火；然后1005℃保温10s后油淬，438℃回火；最后965℃保温10s后油淬，400℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工，
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6%，氮势1.2-1.4%，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%，降低氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温2h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%，降低氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温2h，最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%，降低氮势至0.4-0.5%，保温2.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-920℃，保温3h，降温至820-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.2～1.3%之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1%之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在70℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在50℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度180℃，时间150-200分钟，
对工件锥面磨削加工，
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：150-200℃预热，非转移弧电压20V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-12mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co 39.3%，Ni 0.92%，B 0.23%，Ta 0.55%，Sn 2.7%，Gd 0.24%，C 0.11%，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层，涂层厚度约14微米；之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度约9微米，得到进气门。

Claims (1)

1.一种汽车发动机气缸盖，气缸盖包括用于发动机进气的进气门部件和与进气门部件相配合的进气门座圈，
进气门座圈化学元素组成为（重量百分比）：C:0.067﹪，Si：2.8﹪，Cu：1.9﹪，W：0.87﹪，Cr：0.46﹪，Ni：0.27﹪，Nb：0.28﹪，V：0.19﹪，Ti：0.079﹪，Al：0.058﹪，Mn：0.028﹪，Mg：0.027﹪，Mo：0.018﹪，Ce：0.017﹪，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
进气门座圈制备方法：包括以下步骤：按照上述比例配制合金，原料熔炼、浇注，脱模后，得到的气门座圈坯体送入加热炉，升温至900℃，升温速率75℃/小时，保温3小时，之后水冷淬火，再次加热坯体至在620℃保温5小时，出炉空冷至室温；坯体放入液氮中深冷处理10分钟，在空气中回升到室温；之后对坯体进行精细机加工，
对精细机加工后的进气门座圈进行涂覆碳化钨系涂层；碳化钨系材料层包括（重量）：碳化钨80份，氧化硅18份，将涂覆后的气门座圈进行加热，升温至600℃，升温速率200℃/小时，保温10小时，后空冷至室温，得到最终的进气门座圈，
制造进气门具体步骤为：
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，进气门主体材料为：C0.25%，Si 3.9%，Mn0.93%，P≤0.035%，S≤0.035%，Ti1.8%，Cr 6.7%，W 3.7%，Ni 3.1%，Co1.17%，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65%-85%，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1075℃保温10s后水淬，490℃回火；然后1005℃保温10s后油淬，438℃回火；最后965℃保温10s后油淬，400℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工，
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6%，氮势1.2-1.4%，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%，降低氮势至1.0-1.1%，保温2h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%，降低氮势至0.7-0.9%，保温2h，最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%，降低氮势至0.4-0.5%，保温2.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-920℃，保温3h，降温至820-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.2～1.3%之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1%之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在70℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在50℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度180℃，时间150-200分钟，
对工件锥面磨削加工，
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：约150-200℃预热，非转移弧电压20V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-12mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co 39.3%，Ni 0.92%，B 0.23%，Ta 0.55%，Sn 2.7%，Gd 0.24%，C 0.11%，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层，涂层厚度约14微米；之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层，涂层厚度约9微米，得到进气门。
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