CN108342663A - 轿车发动机用耐高温排气门 - Google Patents

轿车发动机用耐高温排气门 Download PDF

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CN108342663A
CN108342663A CN201810171973.XA CN201810171973A CN108342663A CN 108342663 A CN108342663 A CN 108342663A CN 201810171973 A CN201810171973 A CN 201810171973A CN 108342663 A CN108342663 A CN 108342663A
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exhaust valve
workpiece
conical surface
tempering
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方纯结
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Anqing Tripartite Confrontation Car Assessories Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
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    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
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Abstract

一种轿车发动机用耐高温排气门，按照排气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，排气门主体材料为：C0.13‑0.7％，Si3.4‑4％，Mo2‑3％，W1‑2％，Mn0.8‑0.95％，P≤0.035％，S≤0.035％，Ti‑3％，Cr1‑13％，Ni.8‑3.4％，Co1‑1.％，V0.4‑0.5％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；通过堆焊处理使得气门锥面达到更高的耐磨性和耐冲击，相应的疲劳性能也得到提高；通过对发动机气门涂覆涂层，提高材料的防腐、耐高温、耐磨性能。

Description

轿车发动机用耐高温排气门
技术领域
本发明涉一种轿车发动机用耐高温排气门，属于汽车发动机配件技术领域。
背景技术
气门是发动机的精密零件，用于封锁气流通道，控制内燃机的气体交换，工作时需承受较高的机械负荷和热负荷，同时还承受落座冲击负荷及燃气压力所给予的静负荷，现有的汽车发动机气门多采用金属或合金材料制成,当温度较高时易膨胀，而且气门使用一段时间后磨损严重，使用寿命短，如何创设一种坚固耐用、热胀冷缩系数小，使用寿命长，耐高温，耐摩擦的新的新型发动机气门，使汽车轻量化，最终实现绿色新型能源汽车产业化，成为业界急需改进的目标。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种强度高、耐腐蚀的轿车发动机用耐高温排气门，其采取熔炼铸造，锻造头部，调质热处理，切削加工，碳氮共渗热处理，锥面磨削加工，锥面堆焊，表面打磨，涂覆涂层的工艺步骤，其中：
具体步骤为：
按照排气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，排气门主体材料为：C0.13-0.7％，Si3.4-4％，Mo2-3％，W1-2％，Mn0.8-0.95％，P≤0.035％，S≤0.035％，Ti-3％，Cr1-13％，Ni.8-3.4％，Co1-1.％，V0.4-0.5％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65％-85％，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1050-1080℃保温10s后水淬，450-500℃回火；然后980-1010℃保温10s后油淬，430-440℃回火；最后950-970℃保温10s后油淬，380-410℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工；
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6％，氮势1.-1.4％，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9％，降低氮势至1.0-1.1％，保温h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1％，降低氮势至0.7-0.9％，保温h，最后升高碳势至1.-1.6％，降低氮势至0.4-0.5％，保温.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-90℃，保温3h，降温至80-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.～1.3％之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1％之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在75℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在55℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度190℃，时间150-00分钟；
对工件锥面磨削加工；
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：150-00℃预热，非转移弧电压0V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-1mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co30-35％，Mo4-5％，Cr1-％，Ni0.68-0.95％，B0.-0.3％，Ta0.-0.6％，Sn0.5-0.6％，Gd0.1-0.6％，C0.05-0.13％，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨；
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钛涂层，涂层厚度9-1微米；之后在碳化钛涂层外涂覆氮化钛涂层，涂层厚度4-6微米，得到排气门。
上述发明内容相对于现有技术的有益效果在于：1)本发明铁基合金材料可以充分满足气门主体材料的强度要求；2)对气门进行碳氮共渗热处理提高排气门的硬度及强度，避免出现腐蚀点；3)通过堆焊处理使得气门锥面达到更高的耐磨性和耐冲击，相应的疲劳性能也得到提高；4)通过对发动机气门涂覆涂层，提高材料的防腐、耐高温、耐磨性能。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例：
一种轿车发动机用耐高温排气门，其采取熔炼铸造，锻造头部，调质热处理，切削加工，碳氮共渗热处理，锥面磨削加工，锥面堆焊，表面打磨，涂覆涂层的工艺步骤，其中：
具体步骤为：
按照排气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，排气门主体材料为：C0.13％，Si3.4％，Mo％，W1％，Mn0.8％，P≤0.035％，S≤0.035％，Ti％，Cr1％，Ni.8％，Co1％，V0.4％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65％-85％，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1050℃保温10s后水淬，450℃回火；然后980℃保温10s后油淬，430℃回火；最后950℃保温10s后油淬，380℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工；
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6％，氮势1.-1.4％，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9％，降低氮势至1.0-1.1％，保温h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1％，降低氮势至0.7-0.9％，保温h，最后升高碳势至1.-1.6％，降低氮势至0.4-0.5％，保温.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-90℃，保温3h，降温至80-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.～1.3％之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1％之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在75℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在55℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度190℃，时间150-00分钟。
对工件锥面磨削加工；
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：150-00℃预热，非转移弧电压0V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-1mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co30％，Mo4％，Cr1％，Ni0.68％，B0.％，Ta0.％，Sn0.5％，Gd0.1％，C0.05％，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨；
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钛涂层，涂层厚度约9微米；之后在碳化钛涂层外涂覆氮化钛涂层，涂层厚度约4微米，得到排气门。

Claims (1)

1.一种轿车发动机用耐高温排气门，其特征在于：采取熔炼铸造，锻造头部，调质热处理，切削加工，碳氮共渗热处理，锥面磨削加工，锥面堆焊，表面打磨，涂覆涂层的工艺步骤，其中：
具体步骤为：
按照排气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼，后进行铸造，得到坯料，排气门主体材料为：C0.13-0.7％，Si3.4-4％，Mo2-3％，W1-2％，Mn0.8-0.95％，P≤0.035％，S≤0.035％，Ti-3％，Cr1-13％，Ni.8-3.4％，Co1-1.％，V0.4-0.5％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质；
将坯料采用电热镦锻造，终锻温度为900℃，锻造变形量控制在65％-85％，镦粗速度为10mm/s；
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺：在1050-1080℃保温10s后水淬，450-500℃回火；然后980-1010℃保温10s后油淬，430-440℃回火；最后950-970℃保温10s后油淬，380-410℃回火；
热处理后进行对工件切削加工；
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理，强渗过程：温度950-980℃范围，碳势和氮势采取四级步骤，碳势0.4-0.6％，氮势1.-1.4％，保温3h，然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9％，降低氮势至1.0-1.1％，保温h，再升高碳势至1.0-1.1％，降低氮势至0.7-0.9％，保温h，最后升高碳势至1.-1.6％，降低氮势至0.4-0.5％，保温.5h；强渗后进行扩散，扩散过程：控制炉温度降至900-90℃，保温3h，降温至80-850℃，保温4h，扩散过程碳势控制在1.～1.3％之间，氮势控制在1.0～1.1％之间；空冷至室温；扩散后进行淬火，淬火过程：在850℃进行油淬，油温控制在75℃；清洗过程：去除零部件表面油渍，清洗液温度控制在55℃；回火：进行低温回火，控制炉温度190℃，时间150-00分钟；
对工件锥面磨削加工；
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊，锥面堆焊工艺为：150-00℃预热，非转移弧电压0V，非转移弧电流50A；喷嘴与工件表面的距离10-1mm，焊接完成后缓慢冷却；堆焊层材料为：Co30-35％，Mo4-5％，Cr1-％，Ni0.68-0.95％，B0.-0.3％，Ta0.-0.6％，Sn0.5-0.6％，Gd0.1-0.6％，C0.05-0.13％，余量为W；
对工件表面打磨；
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钛涂层，涂层厚度9-1微米；之后在碳化钛涂层外涂覆氮化钛涂层，涂层厚度4-6微米，得到排气门。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110552752A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-12-10 瑞安市大顺气门有限公司 一种强化发动机气门及其制备工艺
CN112301286A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-02 安福锦湖(湖南)气门有限公司 一种汽车发动机排气门材料及其制备方法
CN112442639A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-05 安福锦湖(湖南)气门有限公司 一种用于汽车发动机进气门上的摇臂及制作工艺

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110552752A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2019-12-10 瑞安市大顺气门有限公司 一种强化发动机气门及其制备工艺
CN112301286A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-02 安福锦湖(湖南)气门有限公司 一种汽车发动机排气门材料及其制备方法
CN112442639A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-05 安福锦湖(湖南)气门有限公司 一种用于汽车发动机进气门上的摇臂及制作工艺

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