CN107787362A - 生产醇的方法 - Google Patents
生产醇的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107787362A CN107787362A CN201680038200.3A CN201680038200A CN107787362A CN 107787362 A CN107787362 A CN 107787362A CN 201680038200 A CN201680038200 A CN 201680038200A CN 107787362 A CN107787362 A CN 107787362A
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Abstract
提供了能够生产至少一种高级醇的微生物细胞,其中所述细胞被遗传修饰以包含至少一种酰基‑CoA还原酶(E11)相对于其野生型细胞的增加的表达。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及从碳源生产高级醇的生物技术方法。具体而言,该方法使用重组细胞用于从碳源生产高级醇。
发明背景
丁醇和高级醇具有几种用途,包括用作燃料。例如,在未来,丁醇可以代替汽油,因为这两种燃料的能量含量几乎相同。此外,与例如乙醇相比,作为替代燃料的丁醇具有几种其他优异的特性。这些包括,与乙醇相比,丁醇具有较高的能量含量,较少“挥发”且易于运输。与汽油相比,丁醇也被认为较少“挥发”。由于这些原因和更多原因,丁醇和/或相关的高级醇已经存在目前的潜在市场。丁醇和其他高级醇也被用作工业溶剂。高级醇也用于香水和化妆品工业中。例如,己醇通常用于香水工业中。
目前,丁醇和其他高级醇主要从石油制造。这些化合物是通过裂化汽油或石油而获得,这是对环境有害的。此外,由于这些起始材料的成本将与石油价格相关(未来石油价格预期上涨),因此相对于石油价格的上涨,丁醇和其他高级醇的价格可能也将上涨。因此,本领域需要找到高级醇生产的替代来源。
在历史上(1900年代-1950年代),生物丁醇在发酵过程中由玉米和糖蜜制造,所述发酵过程还产生丙酮和乙醇,并且通常与某些生产丁醇的细菌诸如丙酮丁醇梭菌(Clostridium acetobutylicum)和拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)一起被称为ABE(丙酮、丁醇、乙醇)发酵。这种方法最近再次获得流行,在绿色能源中重新产生兴趣。然而,“玉米淀粉丁醇生产”过程需要大量的耗能步骤,包括农业玉米-作物栽培、玉米-谷物收获、玉米-谷物淀粉加工和淀粉至糖至丁醇发酵。“玉米淀粉丁醇生产”过程也可能消耗几乎与其产物丁醇的能量值一样多的能量。
Alfol®醇方法是一种用于使用有机铝催化剂从乙烯生产高级醇的方法。该反应产生直长链伯醇(C2-C28)。该方法使用铝催化剂来使乙烯寡聚化并使所得烷基被氧化。然而,这种方法产生了广谱的醇,并且维持分布模式。这种恒定的模式限制了生产者只生产需求量最大或具有最高经济价值的特定醇范围的能力。另外,反应中所需的气体必须非常干净,并且需要有独特的气体组成来成功地进行反应。
WO2009100434也描述了从碳水化合物生产丁醇和己醇的间接方法。该方法包括产同质乙酸发酵(homoacetogenic fermentation)以产生乙酸中间体,其然后化学转化为乙醇。然后将乙醇和乙酸中间体的剩余部分用作产酸发酵中的底物以产生丁酸和己酸中间体,然后将其化学转化为丁醇和己醇。然而,该方法使用昂贵原材料诸如碳水化合物,并且具有两个额外的工艺步骤,酯的形成和酯的化学氢化,这使得该方法不仅更长,而且导致沿途有用材料的损失。
Perez, J.M., 2012公开了在合成气存在的情况下使用扬氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)将短链羧酸转化成其相应的醇的方法。然而,必须添加短链羧酸作为转化为相应高级醇的底物。
因此,目前可用的高级醇生产方法具有在气态底物向发酵液的质量转移中的限制,低生产率,和低终产物浓度,导致产品纯化的较高能源成本。
因此,除了纯基于石油或基于玉米的来源之外,还希望找到更可持续的原材料作为经由生物技术方式的丁醇和其他高级醇生产的原料,所述生物技术方式也对环境引起较小的损害。具体而言,需要从可持续的原材料简单且有效地一锅式(one-pot)生物技术生产丁醇和其它高级醇。
发明描述
本发明提供了已遗传修饰以生产至少一种高级醇的细胞。具体而言,所述细胞可能够将乙醇和/或乙酸转化为至少一种高级醇。即,所述细胞可以被遗传修饰以相对于野生型细胞更高的表达水平表达酰基-CoA还原酶。这是有利的,因为可以使用单一细胞来从非基于石油的来源诸如乙醇和/或乙酸生产高级醇。而且,使用重组细胞使得生产高级醇的方法更有效。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了能够生产至少一种高级醇的微生物细胞,其中所述细胞被遗传修饰以包含至少一种酰基-CoA还原酶(E11) (EC.1.2.1.10)相对于其野生型细胞的增加表达。
如本文中与细胞或微生物结合使用的短语“野生型”可以表示具有野生中天然看到的形式的基因组组成的细胞。该术语可能适用于整个细胞和个别基因两者。因此,术语“野生型”还可以包括已在其他方面(即,关于一个或多个基因)、但不与目标基因相关进行遗传修饰的细胞。因此,术语“野生型”不包括此类细胞或此类基因,其中已经使用重组方法人工至少部分改变特定目标基因的基因序列。因此,根据本发明的任何方面的野生型细胞是指就全基因组和/或特定基因而言没有基因突变的细胞。因此,在一个实例中,关于酶E1的野生型细胞可以是指细胞中具有酶E1的天然/未改变表达的细胞。关于酶E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10、E11、E12a、E12b、E13等的野生型细胞可以相同方式解释,并且可以是指细胞中分别具有酶E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10、E11、E12a、E12b、E13等的天然/未改变表达的细胞。
技术人员将能够使用本领域已知的任何方法来遗传修饰的细胞或微生物。根据本发明的任何方面,遗传修饰的细胞可以被遗传修饰,使得在限定的时间间隔内,在2小时内,特别是在8小时或24小时内,其形成的乙酰乙酸和/或3-羟基丁酸为野生型细胞的至少2倍,尤其至少10倍、至少100倍、至少1000倍或至少10000倍。产物形成的增加可以通过例如在相同条件(相同细胞密度、相同营养培养基、相同培养条件)下在合适营养培养基中各自分开地培养根据本发明的任何方面的细胞和野生型细胞确定的时间间隔,并然后测定营养培养基中目标产物(高级醇)的量来确定。
遗传修饰的细胞或微生物可以与野生型细胞或微生物在遗传上不同。根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰的微生物与野生型微生物之间的遗传差异可以是在遗传修饰的微生物中存在可能在野生型微生物中不存在的完整基因、氨基酸、核苷酸等。在一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰的微生物可包含使微生物能够生产高级醇的酶。相对于本发明的遗传修饰的微生物的野生型微生物可以不具有或不具有可检测到的使得遗传修饰的微生物能够生产至少一种高级醇的酶的活性。如本文所用,术语‘遗传修饰的微生物’可以与术语‘遗传修饰的细胞’互换使用。根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰可以在微生物的细胞上进行。
根据本领域已知的任何方法遗传转化根据本发明的任何方面的细胞。具体而言,可以根据WO/2009/077461中公开的方法产生细胞。
如本文所用,短语‘遗传修饰的细胞与其野生型相比具有增加的酶活性’是指相应酶的活性增加到至少2倍,特别是至少10倍,更特别是至少100倍,还更特别是至少1000倍,且甚至更特别是至少10000倍。
如本文所用的短语‘增加的酶活性’应理解为增加的细胞内活性。基本上,通过增加编码酶的一个或多个基因序列的拷贝数、使用强启动子或利用编码具有增加的活性的相应酶的基因或等位基因并任选地通过结合这些措施可以实现酶促活性的增加。用于根据本发明的方法中的遗传修饰的细胞例如通过用含有所需基因、该基因的等位基因或其部分的载体和使得基因可以表达的载体转化、转导、接合或这些方法的组合来生产。异源表达特别通过将基因或等位基因整合到细胞染色体或染色体外复制载体中来实现。“酶的增加活性”可以与酶的过表达互换使用。
根据本发明的任何方面使用的细胞可以来自能够进行乙醇-羧酸发酵途径的微生物。根据本发明的任何方面的细胞能够进行乙醇-羧酸发酵途径,并且能够将乙醇和/或乙酸转化为相应的高级酸。乙醇-羧酸发酵途径至少详细描述于Seedorf, H., 等人, 2008中。具体而言,所述微生物可以选自克氏梭菌(Clostridium kluyveri)、食一氧化碳梭菌(C. carboxidivorans)等。这些微生物包括以其野生型形式不具有乙醇-羧酸发酵途径、但由于遗传修饰而已经获得这种性状的微生物。具体而言,所述微生物可以是克氏梭菌(Clostridium kluyveri)。
在一个实例中,所述微生物可以是表达至少一种选自E1至E10的酶的野生型生物,其中E1是醇脱氢酶(adh),E2是乙醛脱氢酶(ald),E3是乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶(thl),E4是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶(hbd),E5是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱水酶(crt),E6是丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶(bcd),E7是电子转移黄素蛋白亚基(etf),E8是辅酶A转移酶(cat),E9是乙酸激酶(ack),且E10是磷酸转乙酰酶(pta)。具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面的野生型微生物可以表达至少E2、E3和E4。甚至更具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面的野生型微生物可以表达至少E4。
在另一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的微生物可以是遗传修饰的生物,其具有至少一种选自E1至E10的酶相对于野生型微生物的增加表达,其中E1是醇脱氢酶(adh),E2是乙醛脱氢酶(ald),E3是乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶(thl),E4是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶(hbd),E5是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱水酶(crt),E6是丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶(bcd),E7是电子转移黄素蛋白亚基(etf),E8是辅酶A转移酶(cat),E9是乙酸激酶(ack),且E10是磷酸转乙酰酶(pta)。具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰的微生物可以表达至少酶E2、E3和E4。甚至更具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰的微生物可以表达至少E4。酶E1至E10可以从克氏梭菌分离。
根据本发明的任何方面,E1可以是乙醇脱氢酶。具体而言,E1可以选自醇脱氢酶1、醇脱氢酶2、醇脱氢酶3、醇脱氢酶B及其组合。更具体而言,E1可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_1075、CKL_1077、CKL_1078、CKL_1067、CKL_2967、CKL_2978、CKL_3000、CKL_3425和CKL_2065。甚至更具体而言,E1可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_1075、CKL_1077、CKL_1078和CKL_1067。
根据本发明的任何方面,E2可以是乙醛脱氢酶。具体而言,E2可以选自乙醛脱氢酶1、醇脱氢酶2及其组合。具体而言,E2可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_1074、CKL_1076等. 更具体而言,E2可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_1074和CKL_1076。
根据本发明的任何方面,E3可以选自乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶A1、乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶A2、乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶A3及其组合。具体而言,E3可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_3696、CKL_3697、CKL_3698等。更具体而言,E3可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_3696、CKL_3697和CKL_3698。
根据本发明的任何方面,E4可以是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶1、3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶2等。具体而言,E4可以包含与多肽CKL_0458、CKL_2795等的至少50%的序列同一性。更具体而言,E4可以包含与多肽CKL_0458或CKL_2795具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽。
根据本发明的任何方面,E5可以是3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱水酶1、3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱水酶2及其组合。具体而言,E5可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_0454、CKL_2527等。更具体而言,E5可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_0454和CKL_2527。
根据本发明的任何方面,E6可以选自丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶1、丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶2等。具体而言,E6可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_0455、CKL_0633等。更具体而言,E6可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_0455和CKL_0633。
根据本发明的任何方面,E7可以选自电子转移黄素蛋白α亚基1、电子转移黄素蛋白α亚基2、电子转移黄素蛋白β亚基1和电子转移黄素蛋白β亚基2。具体而言,E7可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_3516、CKL_3517、CKL_0456、CKL_0457等。更具体而言,E7可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_3516、CKL_3517、CKL_0456和CKL_0457。
根据本发明的任何方面,E8可以是辅酶转移酶(cat)。具体而言,E8可以选自丁酰基-CoA:乙酸CoA转移酶、琥珀酰基-CoA:辅酶A转移酶、4-羟基丁酰基-CoA:辅酶A转移酶等。更具体而言,E8可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_3595、CKL_3016、CKL_3018等。更具体而言,E8可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_3595、CKL_3016和CKL_3018。
根据本发明的任何方面,E9可以是乙酸激酶A (ack A)。具体而言,E9可以包含与CKL_1391等的多肽序列的至少50%的序列同一性。更具体而言,E9可以包含与CKL_1391的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%的序列同一性的多肽。
根据本发明的任何方面,E10可以是磷酸转乙酰酶(pta)。具体而言,E10可以包含与CKL_1390等的多肽序列的至少50%的序列同一性。更具体而言,E10可以包含与CKL_1390的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%的序列同一性的多肽。
在一个实例中,野生型或遗传修饰的微生物表达E1-E10。具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面的微生物可以具有E1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10或其组合相对于野生型微生物的增加的表达。在一个实例中,遗传修饰的微生物具有E1、E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9和E10相对于野生型微生物的增加的表达。更具体而言,酶E1-E10中任一种的组合可以存在于生物中以使得能够生产至少一种羧酸。在一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面使用的遗传修饰的生物可以包含酶E1-E10中任一种的组合,其使得生物能够同时产生至少一种或两种或三种类型的羧酸。例如,所述微生物能够同时产生己酸、丁酸和/或乙酸。类似地,可以将微生物遗传修饰以表达酶E1-E10的组合,其使得生物能够产生单一类型的羧酸或多种羧酸。在所有上述情况下,所述微生物可以呈其野生型形式或被遗传修饰。
在一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的遗传修饰的微生物具有氢化酶成熟蛋白和/或电子传递复合体蛋白相对于野生型微生物的增加的表达。具体而言,氢化酶成熟蛋白(hyd)可以选自hydE、hydF或hydG。具体而言,hyd可以包含与选自以下的多肽的至少50%的序列同一性:CKL_0605、CKL_2330、CKL_3829等。更具体而言,根据本发明的任何方面使用的hyd可以包含与选自以下的多肽具有至少50、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、91、94、95、98或100%序列同一性的多肽:CKL_0605、CKL_2330和CKL_3829。
在整个本申请中,除非相反规定,否则任何数据库代码是指可从NCBI数据库获得的序列,更具体地是2014年6月12日的在线版本,并且如果此序列是核苷酸序列,则包含通过翻译前者获得的多肽序列。
根据本发明的任何方面的细胞能够产生至少一种高级醇,其中所述细胞被遗传修饰以包含至少一种酰基-CoA还原酶(E11)相对于其野生型细胞的增加表达。酰基-CoA还原酶也可以被称为脂肪酸还原酶。已显示酰基-CoA还原酶存在于许多种类的生物中,包括但不限于细菌、植物、真菌、藻类、哺乳动物、昆虫、甲壳类动物和蠕虫。通常称为“形成醇的脂肪酰基-CoA还原酶”的一些酰基-CoA还原酶经由如反应[1]中所示的两步还原直接生成脂肪醇。
酰基-CoA+2NAD(P)H→脂肪醇+2NAD(P)+ 反应[1]。
具体而言,E11能够分别催化丁酰基-CoA和/或己酰基-CoA (hexanyl-CoA)转化为丁醇和/或己醇。E11的表达可以使用至少在Lin, 2013或Schirmer A, 2010中公开的方法测量。在另一个实例中,“形成醇的脂肪酰基-CoA还原酶”还可以包括双官能醇-/醛-脱氢酶(ADH/AldDH) (EC1.1.1.1 + 1.2.1.10)。在该实例中,E11可以是来自选自以下的微生物的酶AdhE2或AdhE:丙酮丁醇梭菌(C. acetobutylicum) DSM 792 (Q9ANR5)、丙酮丁醇梭菌DSM 792(P33744)、大肠杆菌K-12 (P0A9Q7)、溶组织内阿米巴(Entamoeba histolytica)(Q24803)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides) ATCC 8293 (Q03ZS6)和食一氧化碳梭菌(C. carboxidivorans) P7 (C6PZV5)。
在另一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的细胞能够使用如反应[2]中所示的两步过程产生脂肪醇。反应[2]可以是反应(2a)、(2b)或2(c)与反应2(d)的组合。在一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的细胞可以包含酶的组合,所述酶的组合允许增加的反应(2a)、(2b)和/或2(c)以导致丁醛相对于野生型细胞的产生增加,所述丁醛将用作原料用于如反应(2d)中所示的丁醇生产。
反应[2]
- 2(a) 酰基-CoA还原酶(ACR) (E11)
丁酰基-CoA + NAD(P)H --> 丁醛 + CoA + NAD(P)+
或
- 2(b) 羧酸还原酶(E12a)
丁酸 + ATP + NAD(P)H --> 丁醛 + ADP + Pi + NAD(P)+
或
- 2(c) 铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶(AOR) (E12b)
丁酸 + 铁氧还蛋白还原 --> 丁醛 + 铁氧还蛋白氧化
和
- 2(d) 单官能丁醇-脱氢酶(BDH) (E13)
丁醛 + NAD(P)H --> 丁醇 + NAD(P)+ 。
因此,根据本发明的任何方面的细胞可以包含酶E11、E12a和/或E12b和E13相对于野生型细胞的表达增加。表1中提供了E11、E12a、E12b和E13的实例。
E11可以选自来自植物霍霍巴(Simmondsia chinensis)(荷荷芭(jojoba))的酰基-CoA还原酶JjFAR(Metz等人,2000),动物酰基-CoA还原酶,包括来自小鼠、人类和线虫的那些(Cheng和Russel, 2004, Moto等人, 2003)。更具体而言,E11可以包含与SEQ ID NO:1具有50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100%序列同一性的氨基酸序列。具体而言,E11可以包含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:1。E11可以包含核苷酸序列SEQ ID NO:2。更具体而言,E11可以包含与SEQ ID NO:1具有50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100%序列同一性的氨基酸序列和/或与SEQ ID NO:2具有50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100%序列同一性的核苷酸序列。
高级醇可以选自己醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇等。在一个实例中,高级醇可以选自1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、4-庚醇、辛醇、壬醇(nananol)、癸醇等。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了生产高级醇的方法,所述方法包括:
(b)使根据本发明的任何方面的重组微生物细胞与包含碳源A的培养基接触。
如本文所用,术语“接触”是指促使根据本发明的任何方面的细胞与包含碳源的培养基之间的直接接触。例如,细胞和包含碳源的培养基可以处于不同的隔室中。具体而言,碳源可以处于气态并添加到包含根据本发明的任何方面的细胞的培养基中。
碳源A可以是乙醇和/或乙酸。在一个实例中,根据本发明的任何方面的方法可以包括第一步:(a)使产乙酸细胞与包含碳源B的培养基接触以产生碳源A的乙醇和/或乙酸,并且碳源B包含CO和/或CO2。
如本文所用的术语“产乙酸细菌”是指能够执行Wood-Ljungdahl途径并因此能够将CO、CO2和/或氢气转化为乙酸的微生物。这些微生物包括以其野生型形式不具有Wood-Ljungdahl途径、但由于遗传修饰而已经获得这种性状的微生物。此类微生物包括但不限于大肠杆菌细胞。这些微生物也可以被称为一氧化碳营养细菌。目前,本领域已知21种不同属的产乙酸细菌(Drake等人, 2006),并且这些也可包括一些梭菌(Drake & Kusel, 2005)。这些细菌能够使用二氧化碳或一氧化碳作为碳源,以氢气作为能源(Wood, 1991)。此外,醇类、醛类、羧酸类以及许多己糖类也可用作碳源(Drake等人, 2004)。导致乙酸形成的还原途径被称为乙酰-CoA或Wood-Ljungdahl途径。
具体而言,所述产乙酸细菌可以选自潮湿厌氧醋菌(Acetoanaerobium notera)(ATCC 35199)、长醋丝菌(Acetonema longum)(DSM 6540)、甲醇醋酸杆菌(Acetobacterium carbinolicum)(DSM 2925)、苹果酸醋酸杆菌(Acetobacterium malicum)(DSM 4132)、醋酸杆菌属第446号物种(Acetobacterium species no. 446)(Morinaga等人, 1990)、威氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacterium wieringae)(DSM 1911)、伍氏醋酸杆菌(Acetobacterium woodii)(DSM 1030)、Alkalibaculum bacchi (DSM 22112)、闪烁古生球菌(Archaeoglobus fulgidus)(DSM 4304)、Blautia producta (DSM 2950, 以前为产生瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus productus),以前为产生消化链球菌(Peptostreptococcus productus))、食甲基丁酸杆菌(Butyribacterium methylotrophicum)(DSM 3468)、醋酸梭菌(Clostridium aceticum)(DSM 1496)、Clostridium autoethanogenum(DSM 10061、DSM 19630和DSM 23693)、食一氧化碳梭菌(Clostridium carboxidivorans) (DSM 15243)、 Clostridium coskatii (ATCC号PTA-10522)、Clostridium drakei (ATCC BA-623)、蚁酸醋酸梭菌(Clostridium formicoaceticum)(DSM 92)、乙二醇梭菌(Clostridium glycolicum)(DSM 1288)、扬氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)(DSM 13528)、扬氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)C-01 (ATCC 55988)、扬氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)ERI-2 (ATCC 55380)、扬氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)O-52(ATCC 55989)、马犹姆贝梭菌(Clostridium mayombei)(DSM 6539)、Clostridium methoxybenzovorans(DSM 12182)、Clostridium ragsdalei (DSM 15248)、粪味梭菌(Clostridium scatologenes)(DSM 757)、梭菌属(Clostridium)物种ATCC 29797 (Schmidt等人, 1986)、库氏脱硫肠状菌(Desulfotomaculum kuznetsovii)(DSM 6115)、热苯脱硫肠状菌thermosyntrophicum亚种(Desulfotomaculum thermobezoicum subsp. thermosyntrophicum)(DSM 14055)、粘液真杆菌(Eubacterium limosum)(DSM 20543)、乙酸甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcina acetivorans)C2A (DSM 2834)、穆尔氏菌属物种(Moorella sp.)HUC22-1 (Sakai等人, 2004, Biotechnol. Let., Vol. 29, p. 1607-1612)、热醋穆尔氏菌(Moorella thermoacetica)(DSM 521, 以前为热醋梭菌(Clostridium thermoaceticum))、热自养穆尔氏菌(Moorella thermoautotrophica)(DSM 1974)、普氏产醋杆菌(Oxobacter pfennigii)(DSM 322)、食空气鼠孢菌(Sporomusa aerivorans)(DSM 13326)、卵形鼠孢菌(Sporomusa ovata)(DSM 2662)、森林土壤醋酸鼠孢菌(Sporomusa silvacetica) (DSM 10669)、球形鼠孢菌(Sporomusa sphaeroides)(DSM 2875)、白蚁鼠孢菌(Sporomusa termitida)(DSM 4440)和凯伍热厌氧菌(Thermoanaerobacter kivui)(DSM 2030, 以前为凯伍产醋菌(Acetogenium kivui))。更具体而言,可以使用食一氧化碳梭菌(Clostridium carboxidivorans)的菌株ATCC BAA-624。甚至更具体而言,可以使用如例如U.S. 2007/0275447和U.S. 2008/0057554中所述的食一氧化碳梭菌(Clostridium carboxidivorans)的标记为“P7”和“P11”的细菌菌株。
另一种特别合适的细菌可以是扬氏梭菌。具体而言,选自扬氏梭菌PETC、扬氏梭菌ERI2、扬氏梭菌COL和扬氏梭菌O-52的菌株可用于将合成气体转化为己酸。这些菌株例如描述于WO 98/00558、WO 00/68407、ATCC 49587、ATCC 55988和ATCC 55989中。在一个实例中,产乙酸细菌和根据本发明的任何方面的细胞均可用于从碳源产生高级醇。
在一个实例中,所述产乙酸细胞可以存在于第一发酵罐(发酵罐1)中,且根据本发明的任何方面的细胞可以存在于第二发酵罐(发酵罐2)中。在发酵罐1中,所述产乙酸细胞与碳源B接触以产生乙酸和/或乙醇。乙醇和/或乙酸是碳源A,其然后可以与根据本发明的任何方面的细胞接触以产生至少一种高级醇。然后可以收集醇,然后从发酵罐2中分离。可以生成一个循环,其中可以将发酵罐1中产生的乙酸和/或乙醇定期进料入发酵罐2中,并且可以在发酵罐2中将乙酸和/或乙醇转化为高级醇。
在另一个实例中,培养基在发酵罐1和2之间循环。因此,可以将发酵罐1中产生的乙醇和/或乙酸进料至发酵罐2中并转化为高级醇。
在另一个实例中,所述产乙酸细胞和根据本发明的任何方面的细胞可以存在于相同的发酵罐中。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了根据本发明的任何方面的细胞用于生产高级醇的用途。
实施例
以上描述了优选实施方案,如本领域技术人员将理解的,在不背离权利要求的范围的情况下,所述实施方案可以在设计、构造或操作方面进行变化或修改。例如,这些变化旨在被权利要求的范围所涵盖。
实施例1
生成遗传修饰的克氏梭菌用于形成高级醇
将来自拜氏梭菌(C. beijerinckii) ATTC 35702的基因酰基-CoA还原酶(ACR)针对克氏梭菌进行密码子优化,并插入pNW33N (AY237122.1)中。将载体修饰以产生质粒pB6。即,PCR扩增载体pNW33N的革兰氏+起点、革兰氏– 起点和抗生素标记。并且,在该质粒中交换革兰氏+和革兰氏-复制起点。革兰氏-复制起点是pUC19。使用CAT基因(来自金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)质粒pC194;Horinouchi S.,1982)作为克氏梭菌的抗生素标记。克氏梭菌的转化模仿Leang等人,2013。转化这些序列以由ptb启动子控制。生成的载体被命名为pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。然后使用与Leang等人2013相比的方法使用载体pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)来修饰克氏梭菌。修饰的克氏梭菌菌株被命名为克氏梭菌pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。
实施例2
遗传修饰的克氏梭菌从乙酸和乙醇形成丁醇酸
为了将乙醇和乙酸生物转化成丁醇,使用细菌克氏梭菌pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。所有培养步骤都在厌氧条件下在耐压玻璃瓶中进行,所述耐压玻璃瓶可以用丁基橡胶塞气密封闭。对于丁醇生产培养,将250 ml瓶中的100ml DMSZ 52培养基(pH = 7.0;10 g/L 乙酸钾、0.31 g/L K2HPO4、0.23 g/L KH2PO4、0.25 g/l NH4Cl、0.20 g/l MgSO4x7 H2O、1 g/L酵母提取物、0.50 mg/L刃天青、10 μl/l HCl (25%、7.7 M)、1.5 mg/L FeCl2x4H2O、70 µg/LZnCl2x7H2O、100 µg/L MnCl2x4H2O、6 µg/L H3BO3、190 μg/L CoCl2x6H2O、2 µg/LCuCl2x6H2O、24 µg/L NiCl2x6H2O、36 µg/L Na2MO4x2H2O、0.5 mg/L NaOH、3 µg/LNa2SeO3x5H2O、4 μg/L Na2WO4x2H2O、100 µg/L维生素B12、80 µg/L对氨基苯甲酸、20 µg/L D(+)生物素、200 μg/L烟酸、100 µg/L D-泛酸钙、300 μg/L盐酸吡哆醇、200 μg/l硫胺素 -HClx2H2O、20 ml/L乙醇、2.5 g/L NaHCO3、0.25 g/L半胱氨酸-HClxH2O、0.25 g/LNa2Sx9H2O)和7.5 mg/L甲砜霉素用5ml克氏梭菌pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)的冷冻培养物(frozencryoculture)接种。
将该生长培养物在37℃下厌氧培养237小时。在培养时段的开始和结束时,取样品。针对光密度、pH和不同分析物(经由NMR分析)对这些样品进行测试。
结果显示,乙酸的量从10 g/l降至2 g/l,且乙醇的量从15.8 g/l降至8.6 g/l。此外,丁酸的浓度从0 g/l增加至2.4 g/l,且己酸的浓度从0 g/l增加至6.3 g/l。与携带空载体的克氏梭菌pB6(对照菌株)不同,克氏梭菌pB6-ACR_Cb(CoCl)还产生0.06 g/L丁醇和0.08 g/L己醇。
实施例3
生成遗传修饰的克氏梭菌用于形成高级醇
将来自拜氏梭菌ATTC 35702的基因酰基-CoA还原酶(ACR)针对克氏梭菌进行密码子优化,并插入载体pEmpty中。该质粒基于质粒骨架pSOS95(图1)。载体pSOS95将用BamHI和KasI消化。这将去除操纵子ctfA-ctfB-adc,但将留下adc的th1启动子和rho-独立终止子。生成的载体将被命名为pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。然后使用Leang等人2013中教导的方法使用载体pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)来修饰克氏梭菌。修饰的克氏梭菌菌株将被命名为克氏梭菌pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。
实施例4
遗传修饰的克氏梭菌从乙酸和乙醇形成丁醇酸
为了将乙醇和乙酸生物转化成丁醇,将使用细菌克氏梭菌pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)。所有培养步骤都将在厌氧条件下在耐压玻璃瓶中进行,所述耐压玻璃瓶可以用丁基橡胶塞气密封闭。对于丁醇生产培养,将250 ml瓶中的100ml DMSZ 52培养基(pH = 7.0; 10 g/L 乙酸钾、0.31 g/L K2HPO4、 0.23 g/L KH2PO4、 0.25 g/l NH4Cl、 0.20 g/l MgSO4x7 H2O、 1 g/L酵母提取物、 0.50 mg/L刃天青、 10 μl/l HCl (25%、 7.7 M)、 1.5 mg/L FeCl2x4H2O、70 µg/L ZnCl2x7H2O、 100 µg/L MnCl2x4H2O、 6 µg/L H3BO3、 190 μg/L CoCl2x6H2O、 2 µg/L CuCl2x6H2O、 24 µg/L NiCl2x6H2O、 36 µg/L Na2MO4x2H2O、 0.5 mg/L NaOH、 3 µg/LNa2SeO3x5H2O、 4 μg/L Na2WO4x2H2O、 100 µg/L维生素B12、 80 µg/L对氨基苯甲酸、 20 µg/L D(+)生物素、 200 μg/L烟酸、 100 µg/L D-泛酸钙、 300 μg/L盐酸吡哆醇、 200 μg/l硫胺素 -HClx2H2O、 20 ml/L乙醇、 2.5 g/L NaHCO3、 0.25 g/L半胱氨酸-HClxH2O、 0.25g/L Na2Sx9H2O)和7.5 mg/L甲砜霉素将用5ml克氏梭菌pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)的冷冻培养物接种。
将该生长培养物将在37℃下厌氧培养237小时。在培养时段的开始和结束时,将取样品。将针对光密度、pH和不同分析物(经由NMR分析)对这些样品进行测试。
结果将显示乙酸和乙醇的量会减少。而且,丁酸和己酸的浓度将增加。与携带空载体的克氏梭菌pEmpty(对照菌株)相比,克氏梭菌pNW95-ACR_Cb(CoCl)将产生丁醇和己醇。
参考文献
Cheng和Russel, J Biol Chem 279: 37789-97 (2004)
Drake等人, 2004. Strict and Facultative Anaerobes: Medical andEnvironmental Aspects. pp. 251-281, Horizon Scientific Press, United Kingdom
Drake & Kusel, 2005 Acetogenic clostridia. 于: Dürre, P. (编), Handbookon Clostridia, pp. 719-746. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Drake等人, 2006, Acetogenic prokaryotes. 于: Balows A, Trüper HG, DworkinM, Harder W和
Horinouchi S., J Bacteriol. 1982 May; 150(2): 815–825
Leang等人, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 79 (4) (2013), pp. 1102–1109
Lin F., FEBS J. 2013 Oct;280(19):4773-81
Metz等人, Plant Physiol 122: 635-644 (2000)
Morinaga等人, 1990, J. Biotechnol., Vol. 14, p. 187-194
Moto等人, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 9156-61 (2003)
Perez等人, Biol. Chem. 2008, 283.12:7346-7353
Schirmer A, (2010) Science 329, 559–562
Schmidt等人, 1986, Chem. Eng. Commun., Vol. 45, p. 61-73
Seedorf等人, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:2128-2133
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U.S. 2007/0275447, U.S. 2008/0057554, WO2009100434, WO/2009/077461。
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Claims (15)
1.能够生产至少一种高级醇的微生物细胞,其中所述细胞被遗传修饰以包含至少一种酰基-CoA还原酶(E11)相对于其野生型细胞的增加的表达,且其中所述细胞能够使用乙醇-羧酸发酵生产羧酸和/或其酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的细胞,其中所述细胞表达至少一种选自以下的酶:醇脱氢酶E1、乙醛脱氢酶E2、乙酰乙酰-CoA硫解酶E3、3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶E4、3-羟基丁酰基-CoA脱水酶E5、丁酰基-CoA脱氢酶E6、电子转移黄素蛋白亚基E7、辅酶A转移酶E8、乙酸激酶E9、磷酸转乙酰酶E10。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的细胞,其中所述细胞来自选自克氏梭菌(Clostridium kluyveri)和食一氧化碳梭菌(C.carboxidivorans)的微生物。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中酰基-CoA还原酶(E11)能够催化下面的反应1和/或反应2(a):
反应1:酰基-CoA+2NAD(P)H→脂肪醇
反应2(a):丁酰基-CoA + NAD(P)H --> 丁醛 + CoA + NAD(P)+。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中E11来自拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中E11包含与SEQ ID NO:1的60%序列同一性。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中所述细胞被进一步遗传修饰以包含单官能丁醇-脱氢酶(BDH) (E13)相对于其野生型细胞的增加的表达。
8.根据权利要求7所述的细胞,其中所述细胞被进一步遗传修饰以包含羧酸还原酶(E12a)、铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶(AOR) (E12b)和/或单官能丁醇-脱氢酶(BDH) (E13)相对于其野生型细胞的增加的表达。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中所述细胞表达氢化酶成熟蛋白和/或电子传递复合体蛋白。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中所述细胞被遗传修饰以包含至少一种选自以下的酶相对于所述野生型细胞的增加的表达:E2、E3、E4、E5、E6、E7、E8、E9、E10、氢化酶成熟蛋白和/或电子传递复合体蛋白。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的细胞,其中所述高级醇是丁醇和/或己醇。
12.生产高级醇的方法,所述方法包括
(b)使根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的重组微生物细胞与包含碳源A的培养基接触,其中所述碳源A包含乙醇和/或乙酸。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包括
(a)使产乙酸细胞与包含碳源B的培养基接触以产生碳源A的乙醇和/或乙酸,且所述碳源B包含CO和/或CO2。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其中所述高级醇选自1-己醇、2-己醇、3-己醇、1-庚醇、2-庚醇、3-庚醇、4-庚醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇。
15.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的细胞用于生产高级醇的用途。
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