CN107757342A - 用于机动车的变速器以及混合驱动传动系 - Google Patents

用于机动车的变速器以及混合驱动传动系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107757342A
CN107757342A CN201710699214.6A CN201710699214A CN107757342A CN 107757342 A CN107757342 A CN 107757342A CN 201710699214 A CN201710699214 A CN 201710699214A CN 107757342 A CN107757342 A CN 107757342A
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China
Prior art keywords
speed changer
drive
chain
motor
differential mechanism
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CN201710699214.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
M·罗斯克
R·库贝尔齐克
J·帕夫拉克维奇
B·翁塞尔德
T·罗泽迈尔
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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Publication of CN107757342A publication Critical patent/CN107757342A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
    • B60K17/08—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F16H3/666—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with compound planetary gear units, e.g. two intermeshing orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器以及一种具有这样的变速器的混合驱动传动系，变速器包括用于内燃机的接口(G1)、同轴地设置的驱动轴(GW1)和从动轴(GW2)、轴线平行于驱动轴地设置的差速器(AG)、用于在驱动轴与从动轴之间形成不同传动比的装置以及具有定子(S)和转子(R)的电机(EM)；从动轴经由链传动机构(K)以及经由与差速器同轴地设置的下游齿轮组(P)与差速器处于永久的作用连接；电机设置在变速器的构成有接口的那一个轴向端部上；转子与驱动轴处于永久的作用连接；链传动机构沿轴向设置在差速器与下游齿轮组之间；或者下游齿轮组沿轴向设置在链传动机构与差速器之间，并且链传动机构沿轴向设置在电机与下游齿轮组之间。

Description

用于机动车的变速器以及混合驱动传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器以及一种用于机动车的具有这样的变速器的驱动传动系。
背景技术
专利US6585066B1描述一种用于汽车的混合驱动传动系，其包括内燃机和自动变速器。该混合驱动传动系设置用于在前部横置驱动传动系或尾部横置驱动传动系中使用。起动机-发电机设置在内燃机与自动变速器的输入轴之间。自动变速器的从动轴经由一个链传动机构和一个齿轮组与差速器连接。
在前部横置驱动传动系或尾部横置驱动传动系中要注意到驱动传动系的特别短的轴向结构长度，使得由内燃机和变速器构成的组合体能够设置在车辆结构之内。如在前述专利文献的图1中可见的，电机的设置明显地增大了驱动传动系的轴向结构长度。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提供一种变速器连同电机，其特点在于较短的轴向结构长度。
所述目的通过一种用于机动车的变速器达到，所述变速器包括用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口、驱动轴、与驱动轴同轴地设置的从动轴、轴线平行于驱动轴地设置的差速器、用于在驱动轴与从动轴之间形成不同传动比的装置以及电机，所述电机具有抗旋转的定子和可旋转的转子；所述从动轴经由链传动机构以及经由与差速器同轴地设置的下游齿轮组与差速器处于永久的作用连接；电机设置在变速器的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口；转子与驱动轴处于永久的作用连接；链传动机构沿轴向设置在差速器与下游齿轮组之间；或者下游齿轮组沿轴向设置在链传动机构与差速器之间，并且链传动机构沿轴向设置在电机与下游齿轮组之间。
变速器在此尤其是表示多挡变速器，其中，多个挡位即在变速器的驱动轴与从动轴之间的多个固定传动比能通过切换元件切换，优选能自动地切换。切换元件在此例如是离合器或制动器。这种变速器主要应用在机动车中，用来使得驱动单元的转速和转矩输出特性以合适的方式适配于车辆的行驶阻力。
所述变速器包括用于在变速器外部的驱动单元例如内燃机的接口、驱动轴、与驱动轴同轴地设置的从动轴、轴线平行于驱动轴地设置的差速器、用于在驱动轴与从动轴之间形成不同传动比的装置以及电机，所述电机具有抗旋转的定子和可旋转的转子。
所述从动轴经由链传动机构以及经由与差速器同轴地设置的下游齿轮组与差速器处于永久的作用连接。换言之，在从动轴与差速器之间的转速比通过链传动机构的传动比以及下游齿轮组的传动比确定。
电机设置在变速器的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口。用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口构成用于将旋转运动从在变速器外部的驱动单元传递到变速器的驱动轴上，并且例如可以构成为法兰或者插接齿部。所述接口可以构成在驱动轴上或者可以构成在能与驱动轴连接的连接轴上。在变速器外部的驱动单元与驱动轴之间的这种永久的连接或者可切换的连接中，可以设置一个或多个扭振减振器。
转子与驱动轴处于永久的作用连接。该永久的连接在此可以构成为直接的连接或间接的连接。在转子直接连接到驱动轴上的情况下，电机直接地抗旋转地与驱动轴连接。在构成为间接连接的情况下，转子经由一个固定传动比连接到驱动轴上，例如经由牵引元件传动机构、经由至少一个圆柱齿轮组或者经由一个附加的行星齿轮组。牵引元件传动机构的一个例子是链传动机构。
按本发明，链传动机构沿轴向设置在差速器与下游齿轮组之间。取而代之，下游齿轮组沿轴向设置在链传动机构与差速器之间，并且链传动机构沿轴向设置在电机与下游齿轮组之间。通过按本发明的轴向结构，电机要么可以更近地设置在变速器的形成挡位的区段旁，要么可以构成有更大的直径。因此可以缩短变速器的总体轴向结构。
如果链传动机构沿轴向设置在差速器与下游齿轮组之间，那么优选差速器设置在变速器的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口。因此，在差速器与驱动轮之间的半轴可以尽可能长地构成。这降低了半轴万向节的弯曲角度，并且因此降低了半轴万向节在运行中的载荷。
如果链传动机构沿轴向设置在差速器与下游齿轮组之间，那么按照一种替换的实施形式，下游齿轮组可以沿轴向设置在电机与链传动机构之间。换言之，差速器不再设置在变速器的这样一个轴向端部上，在该轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口，而是沿轴向与之错开、朝在链传动机构后面的方向。这种方案允许增大电机的直径，该电机例如可以构成为盘形转子电机。电机的轴向宽度因此可以降低。
优选下游齿轮组构成为负传动比齿轮组，其齿圈永久地抗旋转地固定；其太阳轮与链传动机构的一个链轮永久地连接，这一个链轮与差速器同轴地设置；并且其行星架与差速器永久地连接，例如与该差速器的差速器壳永久地连接。
用于在驱动轴与从动轴之间形成不同传动比的装置可以按不同方式构成。所述装置可以构成为中间轴传动装置，其中，至少两个彼此轴线平行地设置的轴具有多个固定齿轮以及多个借助于切换元件与相应的轴可切换的空套齿轮。同样，所述装置可以具有多个行星齿轮组以及多个切换元件，这些切换元件用于有选择地连接或者说用于有选择地固定行星齿轮组的元件。单个的或所有的切换元件可以构成为力锁合的或者形锁合的切换元件。
在借助于行星齿轮组构成上述装置时，为了进一步缩短变速器轴向结构长度，其中一个切换元件可以设置在一个链轮的径向内部，这一个链轮与驱动轴同轴地设置。在此优选是一个力锁合的切换元件。
优选电机与驱动轴同轴地设置。电机在此大约占据这样的结构空间，该结构空间在传统的自动变速器中设置用于变矩器。但是特别是在电机的高额定转矩的情况下，电机的轴向结构长度可以明显超出通常的变矩器的轴向结构长度。
取而代之，电机可以轴线平行于驱动轴地设置。在驱动轴与电机转子之间的永久的作用连接可以通过适合的传动装置跨接，例如借助于圆柱齿轮组或者借助于链传动机构。通过这种轴线偏移，在电机、下游齿轮组和差速器之间的结构空间冲突能更容易地解决，因为电机和差速器可以围绕驱动轴轴线在不同角度位置上设置。但是在机动车中可供使用的结构空间受到其他组成部分限制，使得结构空间冲突仍可能出现。在开头提及的措施在电机的这样的轴线错开的布置中提高了布置的灵活性，使得可以避免结构空间冲突。
优选电机与链传动机构相比沿轴向设置成更靠近用于在变速器外部的驱动单元的变速器接口。换言之，链传动机构与该接口的轴向距离大于电机与同一接口的轴向距离。
本发明也涉及一种用于机动车的混合驱动传动系，其包括此前说明的变速器。混合驱动传动系除了所述变速器之外还具有内燃机，该内燃机经由至少一个扭振减振器以旋转弹性的方式与变速器的驱动轴连接或可连接。在驱动轴与内燃机之间可以有分离离合器，该分离离合器可以是变速器的组成部分。差速器的输出轴与机动车的驱动轮连接。混合驱动传动系允许机动车的多种驱动模式。在电力行驶运行中，机动车由变速器的电机驱动。在用内燃机运行中，机动车由内燃机驱动。在混合运行中，机动车不仅由内燃机而且由变速器的电机驱动。
永久的连接表示为两个元件之间的始终存在的连接。如此永久连接的元件始终以在它们的转速之间的相同关系进行旋转。在两个元件之间的永久的连接中，可以没有切换元件。因此，永久的连接区别于可切换的连接。永久地抗旋转的连接表示为两个元件之间的始终存在的连接，并且被连接的元件因此始终具有相同的转速。
有利的方案也由说明书以及附图得到。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细说明本发明的实施例。附图如下：
图1至图4显示按本发明的变速器的不同实施方式的示意图；
图5显示用于按本发明的变速器的示例性的变速器齿轮组；
图6显示用于变速器齿轮组的换挡简图；以及
图7显示用于机动车的混合驱动传动系。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地显示按第一实施例的变速器G。该变速器G具有驱动轴GW1、从动轴GW2、电机EM和差速器AG，所述电机具有抗旋转的定子S和可旋转的转子R。转子R与驱动轴GW1永久地连接。差速器AG经由链传动机构K并且经由与差速器AG同轴地设置的下游齿轮组P与从动轴GW2永久地连接。链传动机构K除了链条之外还包括链轮K1和链轮K2。链轮K1与从动轴GW2永久地连接。链轮K2与下游齿轮组P的太阳轮E1永久地连接。
下游齿轮组P构成为负传动比齿轮组。负传动比齿轮组表示一种行星齿轮组，其包括行星架、太阳轮和齿圈，在该行星架上可旋转地支承行星轮，其中至少一个行星轮的齿部不仅与太阳轮的齿部而且与齿圈的齿部啮合，因此，在行星架固定的情况下太阳轮旋转时，齿圈和太阳轮在相反的旋转方向上旋转。图中仅仅画出了下游齿轮组P的一半。下游齿轮组P的齿圈E3永久地抗旋转地固定。下游齿轮组P的太阳轮E1与差速器AG的差速器壳永久地连接。
在图1中描述用于在驱动轴GW1与从动轴GW2之间形成不同传动比的装置，而且是通过第一行星齿轮组P1、第二行星齿轮组P2以及力锁合的切换元件E来描述的。该装置的在图1中选择的描述应视为仅仅示例性的。取代两个行星齿轮组P1、P2，也可以采用中间轴传动装置，或者以其他方式构成的行星齿轮传动装置。
变速器G还具有用于在图1中未描述的在变速器外部的驱动单元的接口G1。接口G1例如在连接轴AN上构成，在该连接轴中设置扭振减振器TS。连接轴AN经由设置在转子R的径向内部的分离离合器K0与驱动轴GW1可连接。扭振减振器TS也可以设置在转子R的径向内部。
链传动机构K沿轴向设置在差速器AG与下游齿轮组P之间。差速器AG在此沿轴向与电机EM设置在同一高度上。在扭振减振器TS设置在转子R的径向内部的情况下，沿轴向特别紧凑的结构是可能的，使得差速器AG设置在变速器G的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成接口G1。链传动机构K与接口G1的轴向距离大于电机与接口G1的轴向距离。
图2示意性地显示按第二实施例的变速器G，第二实施例与在图1中描述的第一实施例基本上对应。仅仅差速器AG的位置被改变，使得差速器AG现在沿轴向设置在下游齿轮组P后面。下游齿轮组P现在沿轴向设置在差速器AG与链传动机构K之间。
图3示意性地显示按第三实施例的变速器G，第三实施例与在图2中描述的第二实施例基本上对应。仅仅下游齿轮组P和链传动机构K的布置被改变，使得链传动机构K现在沿轴向设置在下游齿轮组P与差速器AG之间。链传动机构K与接口G1的轴向距离大于电机EM与接口G1的轴向距离。
图4示意性地显示按第四实施例的变速器G，第四实施例与在图1中描述的第一实施例基本上对应。电机EM现在不是同轴于驱动轴GW1、而是轴线平行于驱动轴GW1地设置。转子R在驱动轴GW1上的连接经由圆柱齿轮组ST实现。差速器AG以及与之同轴地设置的下游齿轮组P设置在另一剖切平面中并且因此在图4中未描述。
图5示例性地显示用于在驱动轴GW1与从动轴GW2之间形成不同传动比的装置。变速器G除了构成为负传动比齿轮组的第一和第二行星齿轮组P1、P2之外还具有第三行星齿轮组P3，该第三行星齿轮组构成为正传动比齿轮组。正传动比齿轮组与负传动比行星齿轮组的区别在于，正传动比齿轮组具有内部的和外部的行星轮，它们可旋转地支承在行星架上。内部的行星轮的齿部在此一方面与太阳轮的齿部、另一方面与外部的行星轮的齿部啮合。外部的行星轮的齿部此外与齿圈的齿部啮合。这导致，在行星架固定的情况下齿圈和太阳轮在相同的旋转方向上旋转。
驱动轴GW1与第三行星齿轮组P3的太阳轮永久地连接。从动轴GW2与第一行星齿轮组P1的齿圈永久地连接。第二行星齿轮组P2的齿圈与第一行星齿轮组的太阳轮以及与第三行星齿轮组P3的齿圈永久地连接。第一行星齿轮组P1的行星架与第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架永久地连接。通过闭合第一切换元件A，驱动轴GW1与第二行星齿轮组P2的太阳轮可连接。通过闭合第二切换元件B，第三行星齿轮组P3的行星架可抗旋转地固定。通过闭合第三切换元件C，第一行星齿轮组P1的太阳轮相对于抗旋转的结构元件GG可抗旋转地固定。通过闭合第四切换元件D，第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架可抗旋转地固定。通过闭合第五切换元件E，驱动轴GW1与第二行星齿轮组P2的行星架可连接。第五切换元件E在此设置在链轮K1径向内部。
图6显示用于在图5中描述的齿轮组的换挡简图。变速器G设置成用于在驱动轴GW1与从动轴GW2之间形成六个前进挡1～6以及一个倒挡R1。换挡简图通过符号X说明，切换元件A～E之中的哪些切换元件在挡位1～6和R1之中的哪一个挡位要被闭合。第一前进挡1通过闭合第一切换元件A和第四切换元件D得到。第二前进挡2通过闭合第一切换元件A和第三切换元件C得到。第三前进挡3通过闭合第一切换元件A和第二切换元件B得到。第四前进挡4通过闭合第一切换元件A和第五切换元件E得到。第五前进挡5通过闭合第二切换元件B和第五切换元件E得到。第六前进挡6通过闭合第三切换元件C和第五切换元件E得到。倒挡R1通过闭合第二切换元件B和第四切换元件D得到。
图7示意性地显示用于机动车的混合驱动传动系。内燃机VM与变速器G的连接轴AN连接。在图7中描述的变速器G对应于在图1中描述的本发明的第一实施例。这应视为仅仅示例性的。内燃机VM也可以经由扭振减振器TS直接与变速器G的驱动轴GW1连接。驱动传动系可以构成有各具体实施例之中的任一实施例。本领域技术人员能够根据外部边界条件自由地配置驱动传动系的各部件。施加在从动轴GW2上的功率经由差速器AG分配到机动车的各驱动轮DW上。
附图标记列表
G 变速器
GG 抗旋转的结构元件
G1 接口
GW1 驱动轴
GW2 从动轴
AG 差速器
EM 电机
S 定子
R 转子
K 链传动机构
K1 链轮
K2 链轮
P 下游齿轮组
E1 太阳轮
E2 行星架
E3 齿圈
AN 连接轴
K0 分离离合器
TS 扭振减振器
P1 第一行星齿轮组
P2 第二行星齿轮组
P3 第三行星齿轮组
A 第一切换元件
B 第二切换元件
C 第三切换元件
D 第四切换元件
E 第五切换元件
ST 圆柱齿轮组
1～6 第一至第六前进挡
R1 倒挡
VM 内燃机
DW 驱动轮

Claims (8)

1.用于机动车的变速器(G)，所述变速器(G)包括用于在变速器外部的驱动单元(VM)的接口(G1)、驱动轴(GW1)、与驱动轴(GW1)同轴地设置的从动轴(GW2)、轴线平行于驱动轴(GW1)地设置的差速器(AG)、用于在驱动轴(GW1)与从动轴(GW2)之间形成不同传动比的装置以及电机(EM)，所述电机具有抗旋转的定子(S)和可旋转的转子(R)；
所述从动轴(GW2)经由链传动机构(K)以及经由与差速器(AG)同轴地设置的下游齿轮组(P)与差速器(AG)处于永久的作用连接；
电机(EM)设置在变速器(G)的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元(VM)的接口(G1)；
转子(R)与驱动轴(GW1)处于永久的作用连接；
其特征在于，
链传动机构(K)沿轴向设置在差速器(AG)与下游齿轮组(P)之间；或者
下游齿轮组(P)沿轴向设置在链传动机构(K)与差速器(AG)之间，并且链传动机构(K)沿轴向设置在电机(EM)与下游齿轮组(P)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，链传动机构(K)沿轴向设置在差速器(AG)与下游齿轮组(P)之间，差速器(AG)设置在变速器(G)的一个轴向端部上，在这一个轴向端部上构成用于在变速器外部的驱动单元(VM)的接口(G1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，链传动机构(K)沿轴向设置在差速器(AG)与下游齿轮组(P)之间，下游齿轮组(P)沿轴向设置在电机(EM)与链传动机构(K)之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，下游齿轮组(P)构成为负传动比行星齿轮组，其齿圈(E3)永久地抗旋转地固定；其太阳轮(E1)与链传动机构(K)的一个链轮(K2)永久地抗旋转地连接，这一个链轮与差速器(AG)同轴地设置；并且其行星架(E2)与差速器(AG)永久地连接。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，用于在驱动轴(GW1)与从动轴(GW2)之间形成不同传动比的装置具有多个行星齿轮组(P1、P2、P3)以及多个切换元件(A、B、C、D、E)，其中一个切换元件(E)至少局部地设置在链传动机构(K)的与驱动轴(GW1)同轴地设置的那一个链轮(K1)的径向内部。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，电机(EM)与驱动轴(GW1)同轴地设置，或者与驱动轴(GW1)轴线平行地设置。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，链传动机构(K)与接口(G1)的轴向距离大于电机(EM)与接口(G1)的轴向距离。
8.用于机动车的混合驱动传动系，其包括根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的变速器(G)。
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