CN107806497A - 用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力总成系统 - Google Patents

用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力总成系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107806497A
CN107806497A CN201710788130.XA CN201710788130A CN107806497A CN 107806497 A CN107806497 A CN 107806497A CN 201710788130 A CN201710788130 A CN 201710788130A CN 107806497 A CN107806497 A CN 107806497A
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Prior art keywords
switching device
speed changer
gear
drive shaft
closing
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Granted
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CN201710788130.XA
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CN107806497B (zh
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S·贝克
M·维克斯
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • F16H3/663—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another with conveying rotary motion between axially spaced orbital gears, e.g. RAVIGNEAUX
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器，其包括驱动轴、从动轴、行星齿轮组系统以及切换元件，每个第一行星齿轮与第一太阳轮、第一齿圈以及其中一个第二行星齿轮啮合，每个第二行星齿轮与第二太阳轮以及与第二齿圈啮合，第一和第二行星齿轮可旋转地支承在行星齿轮架上，第一太阳轮具有比第二太阳轮小的有效直径，第一齿圈具有比第二齿圈大的有效直径，从动轴与第一齿圈永久连接，通过闭合第一切换元件，第二齿圈能被固定成不旋转的，通过闭合第三切换元件，驱动轴能与第二太阳轮连接，通过闭合第四切换元件，驱动轴能与行星齿轮架连接。通过闭合第二切换元件，第一太阳轮能被固定成不旋转的。此外涉及用于机动车的、包括这种变速器的动力总成系统。

Description

用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的动力总成系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的变速器以及用于机动车的、包括这 种变速器的动力总成系统。变速器在此尤其是称为多级变速器，在其 中可通过切换元件优选自动切换多个挡位、即在变速器驱动轴和从动 轴之间的固定传动比。切换元件在此例如是离合器或制动器。这种变 速器主要用于机动车中，用于以适合的方式使驱动单元的转速和转矩 输出特性适应车辆行驶阻力。
背景技术
专利申请DE 102013225205 A1描述了一种变速器，其包括输入 轴、从动轴、具有总共五个按转速顺序的轴以及四个切换元件的行星 齿轮组系统。该变速器构造用于提供四个前进挡。
发明内容
现在本发明的任务在于提供一种具有类似结构费用的变速器，其 适合用于实现五个前进挡。
该任务通过权利要求1的特征来解决。有利方案由从属权利要求、 说明书以及附图给出。
根据本发明的变速器包括驱动轴、从动轴、行星齿轮组系统以及 至少第一、第二、第三和第四切换元件。行星齿轮组系统包括第一太 阳轮、第二太阳轮、行星齿轮架、第一齿圈、第二齿圈、第一行星齿 轮和第二行星齿轮。
每个第一行星齿轮与第一太阳轮、第一齿圈以及与其中一个第二 行星齿轮啮合。此外，每个第二行星齿轮与第二太阳轮以及与第二齿 圈啮合。第一和第二行星齿轮可旋转地支承在行星齿轮架上。第一太 阳轮具有比第二太阳轮小的有效直径。第一齿圈具有比第二齿圈大的 有效直径。
从动轴与第一齿圈永久连接。通过闭合第一切换元件，第二齿圈 被固定成不旋转的。通过闭合第三切换元件，驱动轴可与第二太阳轮 连接。通过闭合第四切换元件，驱动轴可与行星齿轮架连接。
根据本发明，通过闭合第二切换元件第一太阳轮被固定成不旋转 的。换言之，第一太阳轮现在不用于连接电机，而是用于连接一个用 作制动器的切换元件。通过第二切换元件的根据本发明的该配置关系，可在驱动轴和从动轴之间实现五个前进挡，如下面所说明的。
通过选择性成对地闭合所述四个切换元件可在驱动轴和从动轴之 间实现五个前进挡。第一前进挡通过闭合第一和第三切换元件形成。 第二前进挡通过闭合第二和第三切换元件形成。第三前进挡通过闭合 第三和第四切换元件形成。第四前进挡通过闭合第二和第四切换元件 形成。第五前进挡通过闭合第一和第四切换元件形成。
优选行星齿轮组系统沿轴向设置在第四切换元件和第二切换元件 之间。由此简化从从动轴到变速器内部的或变速器外部的差速器的功 率传输。通过差速器可将出现在从动轴上的功率分配到机动车的各驱 动轮上。
根据一种优选方案，变速器包括一个附加切换元件，通过闭合该 附加切换元件行星齿轮架能被固定成不旋转的。附加切换元件能实现 一个具有特别短的传动比的附加前进挡，更确切地说，通过闭合第三 切换元件和附加切换元件。
原则上每个切换元件均可构造为力锁合或形锁合切换元件。优选 附加切换元件构造为形锁合切换元件。作为替代方案，附加切换元件 可构造为力锁合摩擦切换元件，其摩擦片仅具有无衬片的摩擦面。
变速器也可包括第二附加切换元件，通过闭合该第二附加切换元 件，驱动轴可与第二齿圈连接。第二附加切换元件使得能够在驱动轴 和从动轴之间实现倒挡，即通过闭合两个附加切换元件。
优选第二附加切换元件构造为形锁合切换元件。作为替代方案第 二附加切换元件可构造为力锁合摩擦切换元件，其摩擦片仅具有无衬 片的摩擦面。
形锁合切换元件在闭合状态中通过形锁合建立连接并且在打开状 态中具有拖曳损耗小于力锁合切换元件的特点。通过在打开状态中较 小的拖曳损耗改善了变速器效率。具有无衬片摩擦面的力锁合切换元 件设计用于高表面压力并且因此可构造有小的摩擦面和少量摩擦片。 由此减少这种切换元件的拖曳损耗。
根据一种优选方案，变速器包括具有不可旋转的定子和可旋转的 转子的电机，所述转子与驱动轴或与第二太阳轮永久连接。永久连接 也可通过附加传动机构、如圆柱齿轮传动或链传动进行。电机在此可 轴向平行于驱动轴或第一太阳轮设置。
通过电机可扩展变速器的功能，由此变速器适用于混合动力车辆 的动力总成系统。转子与驱动轴的连接允许在借助电机驱动混合动力 车辆时使用所有挡位。转子与第二太阳轮的连接允许借助电机驱动从 动轴且不反作用于驱动轴。这种E挡位可通过闭合第一或第二切换元 件实现，亦或通过闭合所述附加切换元件实现。
此外，转子与第一太阳轮的连接允许在仅闭合第四切换元件时在 驱动轴、转子和从动轴之间实现功率分流运行。由此例如可实现起动 过程。
优选变速器包括分离离合器。通过闭合分离离合器驱动轴与变速 器的连接轴连接。连接轴用作连接变速器外部的驱动单元、如内燃机 的接口。
根据一种优选方案，连接轴具有两个区段，它们通过至少一个扭 转减振器彼此连接。因此由变速器外部的驱动单元产生的、朝向驱动 轴的扭振被减弱。
变速器可以是机动车动力总成系统的组成部件。动力总成系统除 了变速器外还包括内燃机，其通过可选的扭转减振器与变速器的驱动 轴扭转弹性地连接或可连接。变速器的从动轴与变速器内部或变速器 外部的差速器驱动作用连接，差速器与机动车车轮作用连接。当变速 器包括电机时，则动力总成系统能实现机动车的多种驱动模式。在电 动行驶运行中，机动车由变速器的电机驱动。在内燃机运行中机动车 由内燃机驱动。在混合动力运行中，机动车既由内燃机又由变速器的 电机驱动。
“永久连接”是指两个元件之间始终存在的连接。如此永久连接 的元件始终以其转速之间相同的关系转动。在两个元件之间的永久连 接中可没有切换元件。永久连接因此与可切换连接区分开来。永久不 可相对旋转的连接是指两个元件之间这样的连接，其始终存在并且其 相互连接的元件因此始终具有相同的转速。
术语“闭合切换元件”在挡位形成的情况下理解为这样的过程， 在其中这样控制切换元件，使得其在闭合过程结束时传输高转矩。形 锁合切换元件在“闭合”状态中不允许转速差，而在力锁合切换元件 的“闭合”状态中在切换元件半部之间可希望或不希望地产生小的转 速差。
附图说明
下面参考附图详细说明本发明的实施例。附图如下：
图1为根据第一种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图2为换挡图；
图3和图4为根据第二和第三种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图5为换挡图；
图6和图7为根据第四和第五种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图8为换挡图；
图9为根据第六种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图10至图13为关于电机连接的示意图；
图14为根据第七种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图15为关于电机连接的示意图；
图16为根据第八种实施例的变速器的示意图；
图17为关于电机连接的示意图；
图18为换挡图；
图19为机动车的动力总成系统。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明第一种实施例的变速器G的示意图。变速器 G包括驱动轴GW1、从动轴GW2、行星齿轮组系统PS以及第一、 第二、第三和第四切换元件05、06、13、14。
行星齿轮组系统PS包括第一太阳轮S1、第二太阳轮S2、行星齿 轮架P、第一齿圈H1、第二齿圈H2、第一行星齿轮R1和第二行星 齿轮R2。每个第一行星齿轮R1与第一太阳轮S1、第一齿圈H1以及 与第二行星齿轮R2之一啮合。每个第二行星齿轮R2与第二太阳轮 S2以及第二齿圈H2啮合。第一和第二行星齿轮R1、R2可旋转地支 承在行星齿轮架P上。第一太阳轮S1具有比第二太阳轮S2小的有效 直径，而第一齿圈H1具有比第二齿圈H2大的有效直径。
换言之，该行星齿轮组系统PS在功能上包括两个负传动比齿轮 组，其中，具有较大固定传动比的齿轮组的每个行星齿轮构造为延长 的行星齿轮并且延伸到具有较小固定传动比的齿轮组中，以便与具有 较大固定传动比的齿轮组的行星齿轮啮合。具有较大固定传动比的齿 轮组在功能上通过第二太阳轮S2、第二行星齿轮R2和第二齿圈H2 构成。具有较小固定传动比的齿轮组在功能上通过第一太阳轮S1、第 一行星齿轮R1和第一齿圈H1构成。行星齿轮架P在功能上是两个 齿轮组的组成部分。
通过闭合第一切换元件05，第二齿圈H2能被固定成不旋转的。 通过闭合第二切换元件06，第一太阳轮S1能被固定成不旋转的。通 过闭合第三切换元件13，驱动轴GW1可与第二太阳轮S2连接。通过 闭合第四切换元件14，驱动轴GW1可与行星齿轮架P连接。从动轴GW2与第一齿圈H1永久连接。
切换元件05、06、13、14示意性作为力锁合的片式切换元件示出。 这仅可看作示例性的。作为替代方案每个或一些切换元件05、06、13、14可构造为形锁合切换元件或以其它方式构造的力锁合切换元件。
根据第一种实施例的变速器G适合用于机动车的前横向或后横向 动力总成系统中。从动轴GW2为此具有适合的接口，该接口用于将 功率传输至变速器内部或变速器外部的、在图1中未示出的差速器中。 差速器可轴向平行于从动轴GW2设置。功率传输优选通过单级或多 级圆柱齿轮传动或链传动进行。
第三和第四切换元件13、14设置在行星齿轮组系统PS的第一端 侧上，而第二切换元件06设置在行星齿轮组系统PS的相对置端侧上。 第一切换元件05设置在第二齿圈H2的径向外部。
图2示出根据第一种实施例的变速器G的换挡图，其示出五个前 进挡1至5的形成。在换挡图中通过X表示为形成相应前进挡1至5 应闭合哪些切换元件05、06、13、14。
图3示出根据本发明第二种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本 上相应于第一种实施例。行星齿轮组系统PS现在轴向镜像构造，即， 从动轴GW2沿轴向更靠近驱动轴GW1的驱动装置接口设置。切换元 件05、06、13、14相应以其它方式设置。前进挡1至5的形成由此不 发生变化。
图4示出根据本发明第三种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本 上相应于第一种实施例。变速器G现在包括一个附加切换元件04。通 过闭合该附加切换元件04行星齿轮架P被固定成不旋转的。附加切 换元件04沿轴向设置在行星齿轮组系统PS和第二切换元件06之间。
图5示出根据第三种实施例的变速器G的换挡图。通过附加切换 元件04可实现一个具有较短传动比的附加前进挡。因此现在提供六个 前进挡21至26。在换挡图中通过X表示为形成相应挡位21至26应 闭合哪些切换元件05、06、13、14、04。
图6示出根据本发明第四种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本 上相应于图3所示的第二种实施例。仅补充了附加切换元件04。挡位 形成相应于图5的换挡图。
图4和图6中的附加切换元件04示意性作为力锁合片式切换元件 示出。这仅可看作是示例性的。附加切换元件04也可构造为形锁合切 换元件。在此情况下附加切换元件04应设置在尽可能小的直径上，以 便将形锁合连接的构造费用保持较小。
图7示出根据本发明第五种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本 上相应于第三种实施例。变速器G现在除了附加切换元件04外还具 有第二附加切换元件15。通过闭合第二附加切换元件15驱动轴GW1 可与第二齿圈H2连接。
图8示出根据第五种实施例的变速器G的换挡图。通过第二附加 切换元件15可在驱动轴GW1和从动轴GW2之间实现倒挡R和第七 前进挡27。在换挡图中通过X表示为形成相应挡位21至27、R应闭 合哪些切换元件05、06、13、14、04、15。
图9示出根据本发明第六种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本 上相应于图6所示的第四种实施例。仅增加了第二附加切换元件15。 挡位形成相应于图8的换挡图。
图10示出用于将电机EM连接到变速器G的上述第一、三、五 种实施例的方案。电机EM包括不可旋转的定子和可旋转的转子，转 子与驱动轴GW1永久连接。电机EM同轴于驱动轴GW1设置。离 合器K0局部地设置在转子径向之内。通过闭合离合器K0，驱动轴 GW1与变速器G的连接轴AN连接。连接轴AN具有接口A，该接 口适合用于将扭矩从未示出的变速器外部的驱动单元传输至连接轴 AN。接口A例如可构造为花键或法兰。
图11示出用于将电机EM连接到变速器G的上述第一、三、五 种实施例的另一方案。电机EM现在轴向平行于驱动轴GW1设置并 且通过一个附加传动机构ST与驱动轴GW1永久连接。该附加传动机 构ST构造为单级圆柱齿轮组。这仅可看作示例性的。附加传动机构 ST也可构造为多级圆柱齿轮传动或链传动。
图12示出用于将电机EM连接到变速器G的上述第二、四、六 种实施例的方案且具有同轴电机EM。图13示出用于将电机EM连接 到变速器G的上述第二、四、六种实施例的方案且具有轴向平行的电 机EM。对于进一步说明参见关于图10和11的说明。
图14示出根据第七种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本上相 应于第三种实施例。变速器G包括同轴于驱动轴GW1设置的电机 EM，该电机与第二太阳轮S2永久连接。第二切换元件06在此沿轴 向设置在行星齿轮组系统PS和电机EM之间。附加切换元件04仅可 选地设置。
图15示出第七种实施例的变型方案，其在此具有轴向平行设置的 电机EM。与第二太阳轮S2的永久连接现在通过传动机构ST进行， 该传动机构例如构造为单级圆柱齿轮组。
图16示出根据第八种实施例的变速器G的示意图，其基本上相 应于第四种实施例，增加了与第二太阳轮S2永久连接的、同轴于驱动 轴GW1设置的电机EM。图17示出一种具有轴向平行设置的电机EM 的相应变型方案。附加切换元件04仍只是可选地设置。
图18示出根据第七和第八种实施例的变速器G的换挡图。通过 将电机EM连接到第二太阳轮S2上可实现变速器G的附加运行模式， 其中包括三个E挡位E1、E2、E3和一个功率分流运行模式EDA。在 E挡位E1、E2、E3中电机EM可驱动从动轴GW2，且在此不驱动驱 动轴GW1。在功率分流运行模式EDA中可实现驱动轴GW1、电机 EM的转子和从动轴GW2之间的功率分流。在换挡图中通过X表示 为形成相应挡位21至26或运行模式E1、E2、E3、EDA应闭合哪些切换元件04、05、06、13、14。
图19示意性示出机动车的动力总成系统。内燃机VM不可相对 旋转地连接到变速器G的接口A上。在连接轴AN中集成扭转减振器 TS，其沿轴向设置在离合器K0旁。图19中所示的变速器G相应于 图3中所示的集成有电机EM的本发明第二种实施例。这仅可看作示 例性的。内燃机VM也可通过扭转减振器TS与变速器G的驱动轴 GW1直接连接。动力总成系统可设有本发明实施例的任何之一，且包 括或不包括电机EM。附加于或代替离合器K0，动力总成系统可包括 液力变矩器，其应设置在内燃机VM和变速器G的驱动轴GW1之间 的力流中。这种变矩器也可包括锁止离合器。技术人员可根据外部边 界条件自由配置动力总成系统各个部件的布置和空间位置。在从动轴 GW2上作用的功率通过变速器内部的差速器AG分配到机动车的驱 动轮DW上。
附图标记列表
G 变速器
GG 壳体
GW1 驱动轴
GW2 从动轴
PS 行星齿轮组系统
S1 第一太阳轮
S2 第二太阳轮
P 行星齿轮架
H1 第一齿圈
H2 第二齿圈
R1 第一行星齿轮
R2 第二行星齿轮
05 第一切换元件
06 第二切换元件
13 第三切换元件
14 第四切换元件
04 附加切换元件
15 第二附加切换元件
1－5 第一至第五前进挡
21－27 第一至第七前进挡
R 倒挡
EM 电机
ST 传动机构
E1 E挡位
E2 E挡位
E3 E挡位
EDA 功率分流运行模式
K0 离合器
AN 连接轴
A 接口
TS 扭转减振器
AG 差速器
VM 内燃机
DW 驱动轮

Claims (14)

1.一种用于机动车的变速器(G)，该变速器(G)包括驱动轴(GW1)、从动轴(GW2)、行星齿轮组系统(PS)以及至少第一、第二、第三和第四切换元件(05、06、13、14)，
行星齿轮组系统(PS)包括第一太阳轮(S1)、第二太阳轮(S2)、行星齿轮架(P)、第一齿圈(H1)、第二齿圈(H2)、第一行星齿轮(R1)和第二行星齿轮(R2)，
每个第一行星齿轮(R1)与第一太阳轮(S1)、第一齿圈(H1)以及其中一个第二行星齿轮(R2)啮合，
每个第二行星齿轮(R2)与第二太阳轮(S2)以及与第二齿圈(H2)啮合，
第一和第二行星齿轮(R1、R2)可旋转地支承在行星齿轮架(P)上，
第一太阳轮(S1)具有比第二太阳轮(S2)小的有效直径，
第一齿圈(H1)具有比第二齿圈(H2)大的有效直径，
从动轴(GW2)与第一齿圈(H1)永久连接，
通过闭合第一切换元件(05)，第二齿圈(H2)能被固定成不旋转的，
通过闭合第三切换元件(13)，驱动轴(GW1)能与第二太阳轮(S2)连接，
通过闭合第四切换元件(14)，驱动轴(GW1)能与行星齿轮架(P)连接，其特征在于，
通过闭合第二切换元件(06)，第一太阳轮(S1)能被固定成不旋转的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，通过选择性成对地闭合所述四个切换元件(05、06、13、14)能在驱动轴(GW1)和从动轴(GW2)之间形成五个前进挡(1至5)，其中，
第一前进挡(1)通过闭合第一和第三切换元件(05、13)形成，
第二前进挡(2)通过闭合第二和第三切换元件(06、13)形成，
第三前进挡(3)通过闭合第三和第四切换元件(13、14)形成，
第四前进挡(4)通过闭合第二和第四切换元件(06、14)形成，
第五前进挡(5)通过闭合第一和第四切换元件(05、14)形成。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮组系统(PS)沿轴向设置在第四切换元件(14)和第二切换元件(06)之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述变速器(G)包括一个附加切换元件(04)，通过闭合该附加切换元件(04)，行星齿轮架(P)能被固定成不旋转的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述附加切换元件(04)构造为形锁合切换元件或作为替代方案构造为力锁合摩擦切换元件，该摩擦切换元件的摩擦片仅具有无衬片的摩擦面。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述变速器(G)包括第二附加切换元件(15)，通过闭合该第二附加切换元件(15)，驱动轴(GW1)能与第二齿圈(H2)连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述第二附加切换元件(15)构造为形锁合切换元件或作为替代方案构造为力锁合摩擦切换元件，该摩擦切换元件的摩擦片仅具有无衬片的摩擦面。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述变速器(G)包括具有不可旋转的定子和可旋转的转子的电机(EM)，所述转子与驱动轴(GW1)或与第二太阳轮(S2)永久连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述转子(R)与驱动轴(GW1)或第二太阳轮(S2)通过附加传动机构(ST)永久连接。
10.根据权利要求8或权利要求9所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述转子与第二太阳轮(S2)永久连接，通过闭合第一或第二切换元件(05、06)能在转子和从动轴(GW2)之间分别实现一个E挡位(E1、E2)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，通过闭合第四切换元件(14)能在驱动轴(GW1)、转子和从动轴(GW2)之间提供功率分流运行模式(EDA)。
12.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述变速器(G)在驱动轴(GW1)和变速器(G)的连接轴(AN)之间具有离合器(K0)，该连接轴(AN)具有用于连接变速器外部的驱动单元的接口(A)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的变速器(G)，其特征在于，所述连接轴(AN)具有两个区段，这两个区段通过至少一个扭转减振器(TS)彼此连接。
14.一种用于机动车的动力总成系统，该动力总成系统包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器(G)。
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