CN107743025B - 一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器 - Google Patents

一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器 Download PDF

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CN107743025B
CN107743025B CN201711197763.XA CN201711197763A CN107743025B CN 107743025 B CN107743025 B CN 107743025B CN 201711197763 A CN201711197763 A CN 201711197763A CN 107743025 B CN107743025 B CN 107743025B
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nmos transistor
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pmos transistors
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delay
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CN107743025A (zh
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蔡水河
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Changzhou Xinsheng Semiconductor Technology Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/01Details
    • H03K3/012Modifications of generator to improve response time or to decrease power consumption
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/00006Changing the frequency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/027Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/03Astable circuits
    • H03K3/0315Ring oscillators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/353Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/354Astable circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K2005/00013Delay, i.e. output pulse is delayed after input pulse and pulse length of output pulse is dependent on pulse length of input pulse
    • H03K2005/00019Variable delay
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K2005/00013Delay, i.e. output pulse is delayed after input pulse and pulse length of output pulse is dependent on pulse length of input pulse
    • H03K2005/0015Layout of the delay element
    • H03K2005/00195Layout of the delay element using FET's

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器,其特征在于,包括两级延迟单元,所述振荡器包括两个首尾相接的延迟单元,通过调节延迟单元的延迟时间调整工作频率;延迟单元包括PMOS晶体管M1、M2、M3、M4,NMOS管M5、M6、M7、M8,及负载电容CL。本发明两级环形压控振荡器,采用衬底前馈偏置结构,降低晶体管阈值电压,降低电源电压,减小功耗,同时具有较大的调谐范围,特别适合于低电源电压工作的系统。

Description

一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器
技术领域
本发明涉及振荡器技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器。
背景技术
压控振荡器是模拟电路和数字电路的重要组成模块。压控振荡器有很多种不同的实现方式,环形振荡器与传统的LC振荡器相比,占用更小的芯片面积并且具有更大的调节范围。如果环形振荡器由两级延迟构成,那么它能够在高频下工作,并且提供正交输出。
现代CMOS工艺中,技术特征尺寸和电源电压需要成比例缩小以维持器件的稳定性。对于环形振荡器来说,由于晶体管的高阈值电压,它很难在0.5V的电源电压下正常工作。MOS晶体管的衬底连接正向偏置是降低晶体管阈值电压的有效方法。在设计中,衬底正向偏置技术被应用于带有局部正反馈的延迟单元中。
因此,现有技术亟待有很大的进步。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的上述的缺陷,提供一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器,包括:包括两个首尾相接的延迟单元,所述振荡器通过调节延迟单元的延迟时间调整工作频率;延迟单元包括PMOS晶体管M1、M2、M3、M4,NMOS管M5、M6、M7、M8,及负载电容CL。
在本发明所述的超低压两级环形压控振荡器中,PMOS晶体管M2、M4的衬底接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的衬底连接控制电压Vc,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的栅极接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3源极接VDD,PMOS晶体管M1、M3漏极连接PMOS晶体管M2、M4的栅极和漏极;NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6分别作为延迟单元的正相和反相差分输入端,NMOS晶体管M7和NMOS晶体管M8的源漏极分别与NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6的源漏极相连,NMOS晶体管M7栅极接NMOS晶体管M6的漏极,NMOS晶体管M8的栅极接NMOS晶体管M5的漏极;NMOS晶体管M5的漏极作为反相输出端,NMOS晶体管M6的漏极作为正相输出端,输出端接负载电容CL;NMOS晶体管的衬底端连接偏置电压VB。
实施本发明的用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器,具有以下有益效果:采用衬底正向偏置结构,降低晶体管阈值电压,降低电源电压,减小功耗;两级结构,电路结构简单,面积较小,易于实现与集成;与LC振荡器结构相比,两级环形振荡器电路具有大的调谐范围。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1MOS管阈值电压随衬底偏置电压变化示意图;
图2为超低压两级环形压控振荡器VCO结构图;
图3为超低压两级环形压控振荡器延迟单元结构图;
图4为压控振荡器频率随控制电压变化示意图。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1,为MOS管阈值电压随衬底偏置电压变化示意图。衬底正向偏置技术可以有效降低了MOS晶体管的阈值电压。
以0.18um RF CMOS工艺为例,NMOS和PMOS晶体管的阈值电压约+/-0.5V,当电源电压为0.5V时,这个阈值电压会大大限制电路的性能。通过正向偏置MOS晶体管的衬底能够降低阈值电压。在0.18um RF CMOS工艺下,通过使用深N阱来将敏感的模拟电路与衬底噪声隔离,所以不管是衬底连接的NMOS晶体管还是PMOS晶体管都可以通过衬底正向偏置降低阈值电压。
衬底正向偏置的PMOS晶体管阈值电压(Vthp)可以表示为:
|Vthp0|是源衬电压(Vsb)为0时的|Vthp|,γ是体效应系数,是费米势。因此,阈值电压|Vth|随着Vsb的增加而减小,PMOS晶体管阈值电压随衬底偏置电压变化如图1所示。由图1可知,当PMOS晶体管的衬底偏置电压从500mV到0V变化时,PMOS晶体管的阈值电压从-500mV到-366mV变化。当NMOS晶体管的衬底偏置电压Vc从0V到0.5V变化时,NMOS晶体管的阈值电压(Vthn)从531mV到423mV变化。这对MOS晶体管工作在超低电源电压下十分有效。
请参阅图2,为超低压两级环形压控振荡器VCO结构图,由两个首尾相接的、相同的延迟单元组成。
请参阅图3,为超低压两级环形压控振荡器延迟单元结构图。延迟单元包括PMOS晶体管M1、M2、M3、M4,NMOS管M5、M6、M7、M8,及负载电容CL。本发明提出设计的环形振荡器,具体实施时基于0.18um RF工艺进行设计。PMOS晶体管M2、M4的衬底接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的衬底连接控制电压Vc,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的栅极接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3源极接VDD,PMOS晶体管M1、M3漏极连接PMOS晶体管M2、M4的栅极和漏极;NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6分别作为延迟单元的正相和反相差分输入端,NMOS晶体管M7和NMOS晶体管M8的源漏极分别与NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6的源漏极相连,NMOS晶体管M7栅极接NMOS晶体管M6的漏极,NMOS晶体管M8的栅极接NMOS晶体管M5的漏极;NMOS晶体管M5的漏极作为反相输出端,NMOS晶体管M6的漏极作为正相输出端,输出端接负载电容CL;NMOS晶体管的衬底端连接偏置电压VB。
请参阅图4,为压控振荡器频率随控制电压变化示意图。图4给出了控制电压变化时,压控振荡器的频率变化范围。从图4可以看出,当控制电压Vc从0V到0.5V变化时,该VCO的工作频率调节范围是从392MHz到88MHz,VCO增益为-608MHz/V。
本发明通过以上实施例的设计,可以做到采用衬底正向偏置结构,降低晶体管阈值电压,降低电源电压,减小功耗;两级结构,电路结构简单,面积较小,易于实现与集成。
本发明是根据特定实施例进行描述的,但本领域的技术人员应明白在不脱离本发明范围时,可进行各种变化和等同替换。此外,为适应本发明技术的特定场合,可对本发明进行诸多修改而不脱离其保护范围。因此,本发明并不限于在此公开的特定实施例,而包括所有落入到权利要求保护范围的实施例。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于芯片电路的超低压两级环形压控振荡器,其特征在于,包括两个首尾相接的延迟单元,所述振荡器通过调节延迟单元的延迟时间调整工作频率;延迟单元包括PMOS晶体管M1、M2、M3、M4,NMOS管M5、M6、M7、M8,及负载电容CL;其中,PMOS晶体管M2、M4的衬底接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的衬底连接控制电压Vc,PMOS晶体管M1、M3的栅极接地,PMOS晶体管M1、M3源极接VDD,PMOS晶体管M1、M3漏极连接PMOS晶体管M2、M4的栅极和漏极;NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6分别作为延迟单元的正相和反相差分输入端,NMOS晶体管M7和NMOS晶体管M8的源漏极分别与NMOS晶体管M5和NMOS晶体管M6的源漏极相连,NMOS晶体管M7栅极接NMOS晶体管M6的漏极,NMOS晶体管M8的栅极接NMOS晶体管M5的漏极;NMOS晶体管M5的漏极作为反相输出端,NMOS晶体管M6的漏极作为正相输出端,输出端接负载电容CL;NMOS晶体管的衬底端连接偏置电压VB
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