CN107739382A - 延迟荧光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光装置 - Google Patents
延迟荧光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107739382A CN107739382A CN201710797763.7A CN201710797763A CN107739382A CN 107739382 A CN107739382 A CN 107739382A CN 201710797763 A CN201710797763 A CN 201710797763A CN 107739382 A CN107739382 A CN 107739382A
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001161 time-correlated single photon counting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001392 ultraviolet--visible--near infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,此化合物具有如下式(1)所示的结构,且使用该化合物作为发光层的延迟荧光材料或发光层的磷光发光主体的有机电致发光装置具有良好的性能表现。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用作延迟荧光材料的化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光(Organic Electroluminescence,以下简称为有机EL)装置。特别涉及一种具有式(1)结构的用作延迟荧光材料的化合物及一种有机电致发光装置,该有机EL装置使用该材料作为发光层的延迟荧光材料或发光层的磷光发光主体,本发明的电致发光装置可显示极佳的性能。
背景技术
有机电致发光装置因其高照度、低重量、超薄外型、无背光的自照明、低能耗、广视角、高对比度度、制造简单及反应时间快速而应用在平板显示器中。
伊士曼柯达(Eastman Kodak)公司的邓青云(Ching W.Tang)及史蒂芬范斯莱克(Steven Van Slyke)在1987年公布了第一个二极管装置。该装置采用具有单独的电洞传输层和电子传输层的双层结构,可导致操作电压的降低及效率的提高,这促成当今主流的有机EL研究及其装置生产方式。
一般而言,有机EL装置由位于两个电极之间的有机材料层组成,其包括电洞传输层(hole transport layer,HTL)、发光层(emitting layer,EML)、电子传输层(electrontransport layer,ETL)。有机EL的基本机制包括载子的注入、载子传输、复合以及形成发光的激子。当外部电压施加到有机EL装置时,电子及电洞将分别自阴极及阳极注入,电子将从阴极注入最低未占用分子轨域(lowest unoccupied molecular orbital,LUMO)中,且电洞将从阳极注入最高占用分子轨域(highest occupied molecular orbital,HOMO)中。当电子与电洞在发光层中复合时,将会形成激子并随后发光。当发光分子吸收能量以达到激发态时,根据电子及电洞自旋组合方式,而激子可处于单重态或三重态。通过重组电子及电洞形成75%的激子而达到三重激发态。从三重态的衰减为自旋禁阻,因此,荧光电致发光装置仅具有25%的内部量子效率。与荧光电致发光装置相反,磷光有机EL装置利用自旋轨域交互作用来促进单重态及三重态之间的跨系统交叉,从而获得单重态和三重态的发射,以及电致发光装置的内部量子效率从25%到100%。自旋轨域交互作用由一些重原子完成,比如,铱、铑、铂、钯,且可从有机金属复合物的激发金属配位基电荷转移(metal-to-ligandcharge-transfer transition,MLCT)状态来观察磷光跃迁。
近来,安达(Adachi)及同事已开发热活化型延迟荧光(thermally activateddelayed fluorescence,TADF)机制,并将其整合至新型荧光有机EL装置,其通过在单重态及三重态间使用具有较小能量间隙的材料得到的逆向系统间穿越(reverse intersystemcrossing,RISC)机制,将自旋禁阻的三重态激子转化为单重态而获得高效率的激子。然而,于高电流密度中仍需要进一步提高有机EL装置的发光效率。
有机EL利用三重态激子和单重态激子。磷光有机EL通常在发光层(EML)及电子传输层(ETL)之间需要附加电洞阻挡层(hole blocking layer,HBL),或在发光层(EML)及电洞传输层(HTL)之间附加电子阻挡层(electron blocking layer,EBL),因此,与单重态激子相比,三重态激子寿命更长、扩散长度更长。使用HBL或EBL的目的是限制注入的电洞及电子的复合以及使EML内所产生的激子弛豫,藉此可提高装置的效率。为了满足这些作用,电洞阻挡材料或电子阻挡材料必须具有适合于阻断电洞或电子从EML传输至ETL或到HTL的HOMO和LUMO能阶。
对于主动矩阵有机发光二极管(active-matrix organic light-emittingdiode,AMOLED)或有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting diode,OLED)为发光面板的全彩平板显示器来说,于发光层中使用磷光主体材料,对于工业实务使用而言,在半衰期、效率及驱动电压方面仍无法令人满意。除此之外,为了呈现有机EL装置的优异性能,磷光发光主体材料需与其他有机薄膜层(例如:电洞阻挡层及电子传输层)配位,以达到低能耗、长半衰期及高效率。因此,需要设计及开发用于有机EL装置的新型材料。
在本发明中,为了使有机EL装置中延迟荧光化合物的偶极材料半衰期延迟、提高效率及显示极佳性能,我们使用结构如式(1)所示的化合物作为供体并使用骨架中的R1、R2及R3位置连接受体,来完成表现极佳性能的如式(1)所示的用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,该受体包含三嗪基(triazinyl group)、二嗪基(diazinyl group)、吡啶基(pyridinylgroup)、喹啉基(quinoline group)、异喹啉基(isoquinoline group)、磺酰基二苯基(sulfonyldibenzene group)、二苯酮基(benzophenone group)及其他电子受体基团。
发明内容
根据上述原因,本发明的目的在于解决现有技术的这些问题,并提供一种发光装置,其在热稳定性、高发光效率及长衰期上表现极佳。本发明提供一种具有式(1)结构的用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,其用作发光层的延迟荧光材料或发光层的磷光发光主体,该等层具有良好的电荷载子迁移率,且极佳的使用寿命可降低有机EL装置的驱动电压和能耗、增加有机EL装置的效率并延长其半衰期,具有工业应用的经济优点。
相应地,本发明提供了可用于有机EL装置的延迟荧光材料的化合物。所述化合物具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中,W选自氧原子、硫原子及硒原子;R1、R2及R3独立选自由氢原子、氘原子、卤化物、如式(2)或式(3)所示的基团:
其中,D为电子供体,选自如式(1)所示的化合物的基团、取代或未取代的咔唑基(carbazolyl group)、取代或未取代的双咔唑基(biscarbazolyl group)、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基(dihydroacridine group)、取代或未取代的吩恶嗪基(phenoxazine group)及取代或未取代的二芳基胺基(diarylamine group)表示;A为电子受体,选自如下式所示的基团:
其中,L选自单键或具有6到30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的二价亚芳基;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;Y1至Y4独立选自由O、S、C(R22)(R23)、NR24及Si(R25)(R26)组成的原子或基团的二价桥,X1至X7独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R4至R26独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于有机电致发光装置的延迟荧光化合物的实施例的有机EL装置示意图;
图2为化合物TD4的延迟荧光特性的瞬时衰变曲线。
[符号说明]
6 透明电极
7 电洞注入层
8 电洞传输层
9 电子阻挡层
10 发光层
11 电洞阻挡层
12 电子传输层
13 电子注入层
14 金属电极
具体实施方法
本发明研究用于使用该化合物的有机EL装置的延迟荧光材料。下面将详细说明其生产、结构及组成部份,以使对本发明的理解更充分。本发明的应用明显不受限于所属技术领域具有通常知识者熟知的具体细节。另一方面,众所周知的一般组成成份和程序不作详细说明,以避免对本发明造成不必要的限制。现在将在下面更详细地介绍本发明的一些优选实施例。然而,应该了解本发明可实际操作于各种其他实施例中,而非本发明详细所述的实施例中,也就是说,本发明还可广泛地应用于其他实施例,且本发明的范围没有明确的限制,除权利要求范围限定的内容。
在本发明的第一个实施例中,提供了可用作有机EL装置的发光层的热活化延迟荧光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence,TADF)材料。所述延迟荧光材料具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中,W选自氧原子、硫原子及硒原子;R1、R2及R3独立选自氢原子、氘原子、卤化物、或如式(2)或式(3)所示的基团:
其中,D为电子供体,选自如式(1)所示的化合物的基团、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的双咔唑基、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的吩恶嗪基及取代或未取代的二芳基胺基;A为电子受体,选自如下式所示的基团:
其中,L选自单键或具有6到30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的二价亚芳基;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;Y1至Y4独立选自由O、S、C(R22)(R23)、NR24及Si(R25)(R26)组成的原子或基团的二价桥;X1至X7独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R4至R26独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
在本发明的一实施例中,根据上述具有式(1)结构的用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,其中该化合物具有如下式(4)至式(12)所示的结构:
其中,n表示0或1的整数;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;X1至X3独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R1至R13独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
在本发明的一实施例中,一些用作延迟荧光材料的化合物具有如下式所示的结构:
本发明中延迟荧光材料的详细制备由示例性实施例阐明,但本发明的权利要求范围不限于示例性实施例。实施例1至实施例4展示出了本发明中用作延迟荧光材料的化合物的制备实施例。实施例5展示出有机EL装置及I-V-B的制作、有机EL装置的性能测试报告。
实施例1 TD1的合成
1)中间体A的合成
混合20g(99mmol)1-溴-2-硝基苯(1-Bromo-2-nitrobenzene)、19g(148.4mmol)3-噻吩硼酸(3-thienylboronic acid)、5.7g(4.93mmol)四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(pph3)4)、27.4g(198.2mmol)碳酸钾(K2CO3)、300ml的二甲基甲酰胺(Dimethylformamide,DMF)及80ml的水,放置在氮气中,随后在80℃加热搅拌5h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用100ml乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)(3次)及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁(anhydrousmagnesium sulfate)干燥并在减压下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到黄色液体产物(19g,92.5mmol,产率:93.5%)。
2)中间体B的合成
在0℃的环境下,10分钟内,将溴化苯镁(PhMgBr)(1M于THF溶液中)(170ml,170.5mmol)缓慢加入(0.3ml/min)至中间体A(10g,48.7mmol)及无水四氢呋喃(Tetrahydrofuran,THF)(300ml)的混合物中。在此期间,严密监控内部温度并控制保持在3℃以下。随后,在0℃下搅拌该混合物5分钟,之后缓慢并小心加入饱和氯化铵(NH4Cl)水溶液(30ml)。控制内部温度以便其保持低于5℃。随后,加入50ml水,使用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取所得混合物。使用盐水(brine)(200ml)清洗混合有机层,在无水硫酸钠(Na2SO4)下干燥并在真空中浓缩。初步的产物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到白色固体产物(4g,5.77mmol,产率:47.6%)。
3)中间体C的合成
混合5g(28.8mmol)中间体B、5.6g(32mmol)1-溴-2-氟苯(1-Bromo-2-fluorobenzene)、14.1g(43.3mmol)碳酸铯(Caesium carbonate)及80ml DMF,并放置在氮气中,随后在150℃加热搅拌12h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到紫色固体产物(9g,27.4mmol,产率:94.7%)。
4)中间体D的合成
混合7.5g(22.8mmol)中间体C、15.8g(114.3mmol)K2CO3、2.4g(9.15mmol)PPh3、5.2g(22.8mmol)苄基三乙基氯化铵(Benzyltriethyl ammonium chloride)、0.78g(3.47mmol)乙酸钯(Pd(OAc)2)及150ml二甲基乙酰胺(Dimethylacetamide,DMAc),并放置在氮气中,随后在160℃加热搅拌5h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml二氯甲烷(Dichloromethane,DCM)及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到粉红色固体产物(2.1g,8.49mmol,产率:37.5%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.08-8.07(d,1H)、7.91-7.89(d,1H)、7.85-7.84(d,1H)、7.69-7.67(d,1H)、7.54-7.46(m,3H)、7.34-7.31(m,1H)、7.06-7.05(d,1H)。
5)中间体E的合成
在氮气净化系统中,将2.1g(8.49mmol)中间体D及1.6g(8.98mmol)N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(N-bromosuccinimide)加入50ml DMF中,将其密闭,并搅拌混合物12h。反应完成后,混合物使用250ml DCM及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到白色固体产物(2.2g,6.74mmol,产率:79.1%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.10-8.08(d,1H)、7.93-7.92(d,1H)、7.82-7.81(d,1H)、7.64-7.63(d,1H)、7.56-7.50(m,3H)、7.37-7.34(m,1H)。
6)TD1的合成
将2g(6.13mmol)中间体E、2.9g(6.66mmol)2,4-二苯基-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-diphenyl-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine)、0.14g(0.12mmol)Pd(pph3)4、0.1g(0.28mmol)2-(二环己基磷基)联苯(2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl)、12ml 2M Na2CO3、20ml乙醇(EtOH)及60ml甲苯(toluene)混合物除气并放置在氮气环境中,随后在90℃加热过夜。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到浅黄色固体产物(2.8g,5.04mmol,产率:82.3%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)9.05(t,1H),8.82-8.80(q,4H),8.69-8.67(d,1H),8.10-8.09(d,1H),7.93-7.88(m,4H),7.76-7.74(d,1H),7.64-7.52(m,9H),7.35(t,1H);MS m/z:C37H22N4S的理论值:554.157;测量值:554.153。
实施例2 TD2的合成
将2.2g(6.74mmol)中间体E、10.7g(7.35mmol)2,4-二苯基-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧碰杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-diphenyl-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine)、0.16g(0.13mmol)Pd(pph3)4、0.1g(0.28mmol)2-(二环己基磷)联苯(2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl)、15ml 2M Na2CO3、30ml EtOH及90ml甲苯混合物除气并放置在氮气中,随后在90℃加热过夜。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到浅黄色固体产物(3g,5.4mmol,产率:80.1%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.83-8.81(d,2H)、8.79-8.78(d,4H)、8.11-8.10(d,1H)、7.94-7.86(m,4H)、7.75-7.74(d,1H)、7.62-7.53(m,9H)、7.36(t,1H);MSm/z:C37H22N4S的理论值:554.157;测量值:554.155。
实施例3 TD3的合成
1)中间体F的合成
混合4g(23.1mmol)中间体B、6.4g(25.4mmol)2,4-溴-1-氟苯(2,4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzene)、11.3g(34.6mmol)碳酸铯及80ml DMF,并放置在氮气中,随后在150℃加热搅拌12h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到白色固体产物(7.8g,19.2mmol,产率:83.1%)。
2)中间体G的合成
混合7.5g(18.4mmol)中间体F、12.7g(92.1mmol)K2CO3、1.9g(7.37mmol)PPh3、4g(18.4mmol)苄基三乙基氯化铵、0.62g(2.76mmol)Pd(OAc)2及150ml DMAc,并放置在氮气中,随后在160℃加热搅拌5h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml DCM及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到粉红色固体产物(1.9g,5.82mmol,产率:32.3%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.11-8.10(d,1H)、8.04(s,1H)、7.65-7.63(d,1H)、7.53-7.51(d,1H)、7.46-7.44(d,1H)、7.31-7.27(m,2H)、6.98-6.97(d,1H)。
3)TD3的合成
将1.9g(5.82mmol)中间体G、10.7g(6.40mmol)2,4-二苯基-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-diphenyl-6-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine)、0.13g(0.12mmol)Pd(pph3)4、0.1g(0.12mmol)2-(二环己基磷)联苯(2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl)、15ml 2M Na2CO3、30ml EtOH及90ml甲苯混合物除气并放置在氮气中,随后在90℃加热过夜。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到黄色固体产物(2.3g,4.1mmol,产率:73.1%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.62-8.58(m,4H),8.54-8.52(d,1H),8.41-8.39(m,3H),8.31(s,1H),7.83-7.72(m,2H),7.69-7.60(m,9H),7.41-7.39(d,1H)7.13-7.11(d,1H);MS m/z C37H22N4S的理论值:554.157;测量值:554.159。
实施例4 TD4的合成
1)中间体H的合成
混合15g(45.7mmol)4-溴-2-碘-1-硝基苯(4-bromo-2-iodo-1-nitrobenzene)、8.8g(68.6mmol)3-噻吩硼酸(3-thienylboronic acid)、2.6g(2.3mmol)Pd(pph3)2、12.6g(91.4mmol)K2CO3、300ml DMF及80ml水,并放置在氮气中,随后在80℃加热搅拌5h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用100ml乙酸乙酯(3次)及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到黄色液体产物(11.7g,41.2mmol,产率:90.1%)。
2)中间体I的合成
在0℃环境下,10分钟内,将PhMgBr(1M于THF溶液中)(123.2ml,123.2mmol)缓慢加入(0.3ml/min)中间体H(10g,35.2mmol)及无水THF(300ml)的混合物中。在此期间,严密监控内部温度并控制保持在3℃以下。随后,在0℃下搅拌该混合物5分钟,之后缓慢并小心加入饱和NH4Cl水溶液(30ml)。控制内部温度以便其保持低于5℃。随后,加入50ml水,使用乙酸乙酯(3×100mL)萃取所得混合物。使用盐水(200ml)清洗混合有机层,在无水Na2SO4下干燥并在真空中浓缩。初始产物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到白色固体产物(4.1g,16.3mmol,产率:46.3%)。
3)中间体J的合成
混合4g(15.8mmol)中间体I、3g(17.1mmol)1-溴-2-氟苯(1-Bromo-2-fluorobenzene)、3.2g(23.8mmol)碳酸铯及80ml DMF,并放置在氮气中,随后在150℃加热搅拌12h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到紫色固体产物(6g,14.8mmol,产率:93.2%)。
4)中间体K的合成
混合6g(14.7mmol)中间体J、10.2g(73.8mmol)K2CO3、1.5g(5.89mmol)PPh3、3.3g(14.7mmol)苄基三乙基氯化铵、0.5g(2.21mmol)Pd(OAc)2及150ml DMAc,并放置在氮气中,随后在160℃加热搅拌5h。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml DCM及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到粉红色固体产物(1.9g,5.9mmol,产率:40.1%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.10-8.09(d,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.66-7.60(m,1H),7.52(s,1H),7.48-7.45(m,1H),7.32-7.29(m,1H),7.21-7.20(d,1H),6.92-6.91(d,1H)。
5)TD4的合成
将2g(6.13mmol)中间体E、2.9g(6.66mmol)2,4-二苯基-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2,4-diphenyl-6-(3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine)、0.14g(0.12mmol)Pd(pph3)4、0.1g(0.28mmol)2-(二环己基磷基)联苯(2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl)、12ml 2M Na2CO3、20ml EtOH及60ml甲苯混合物除气并放置在氮气中,随后在90℃加热过夜。反应完成后,使混合物冷却至室温。溶液使用250ml乙酸乙酯及300ml水萃取。有机层使用无水硫酸镁干燥并在减压操作下蒸发溶剂。残留物通过硅胶管柱层析法纯化,得到浅黄色固体产物(2.9g,5.22mmol,产率:85.1%)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):化学位移(ppm)8.30-8.26(m,5H),8.12-8.10(d,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.70(s,1H),7.68-7.36(m,10H),7.32-7.29(m,2H),7.23-7.22(d,1H),6.96-6.95(d,1H);MS m/z:C37H22N4S的理论值:554.157;测量值:554.159
延迟荧光化合物光物理特性的测量方法
光物理特征:合成的化合物在高真空下通过温度梯度进行升华,随后用在之后的研究中。通过在基础压力<10-6torr的真空室中以1-2A/sec的速率于石英基材上热蒸发来制备光物理特征的薄膜。所得薄膜及吸收溶液的吸收光谱由UV-vis-NIR分光亮度仪(UV-1650PC,Shimadzu)检测。光激荧光(Photoluminescence,PL)光谱、冷光量子吸收量(photoluminescence quantum yields,PLQYs)及磷光光谱由荧光分光亮度仪(FluoroMax-P,Horiba Jobin Yvon Inc.)检测薄膜或稀释溶液的PLQYs使用配备校准积分球的该荧光分光亮度仪来检测。使用选定的单色激发光来激发位于校准积分球中的激发样本。通过对比单色激发光及PL发射的光谱强度,测定PL量子吸收量。通过配有微秒闪光灯作为脉冲激发光源的荧光分光亮度仪在77K(液氮温度)下进行薄膜或稀释溶液的磷光光谱。在发射光谱的脉冲激发及收集之间插入10-ms延迟时间。通过使用具有荧光寿命系统(FluoroCube,Horiba Jobin Yvon Inc.)的时间相关单光子计数技术监控PL峰值波段处的强度衰减及来自UV发光二极管的奈米级脉冲激发光(300nm)来量测时间解析PL(PL衰减曲线)。将样本放置在具有温度控制的真空低温恒温室中。使用具有发射光谱的脉冲激发及收集之间为200-ns延迟时间及10-ns延迟时间的相同荧光寿命系统来收集瞬时成份及延迟成份的PL光谱。电化学特征:使用CHI619B恒电位仪的循环伏安法来量测氧化/还原电位。通过使用0.1M n-Bu4NPF6(TBAPF6)在CH2Cl2中作为支持电解质,扫描速率为100mV s-1,用循环伏安法测定氧化电位。通过使用0.1M n-Bu4NClO4(TBAP)在DMF中作为支持电解质,扫描速率为100mV s-1,记录还原电位。使用包含银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)、铂金线及玻璃碳电极分别作为参考、计数及工作电极的标准3-电极电池。记录所有电位以Ag/AgCl(饱和)作为参考电极时,CH2Cl2/TBAPF6中二茂铁铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原发生于氧化出现在E’o=+0.47V,且二茂铁/二茂铁离子(Fc/Fc+)氧化还原发生于还原出现在E”o=+0.51V。
生产有机EL装置的一般方法
将阻值为9~12奥姆/平方米且厚度为120~160nm的铟锡氧化物(Indium TinOxide,ITO)涂层玻璃在超声波浴(例如,洗涤剂、等离子水)中进行多次清洗。在气相沉积有机层之前,用紫外光(UV)和臭氧进一步处理清洗后的ITO基底。ITO基底的所有预处理过程在洁净室(100级)内进行。
将有机层通过高真空单位(10-7Torr)的气相沉积法依次施加在ITO基底上,比如:电阻加热石英船。每层的厚度和气相沉积速率(0.1~0.3nm/sec)由石英晶体监视器来精确监控或设置。如上所述,还可以使单层中包含一种以上的化合物,即在一般主体材料中掺杂有掺杂材料。这是通过来自两个或多个来源的共气相法来实现的。
在该有机EL装置中,将二吡嗪[2,3-f:2,3-]喹喔啉-2,3,6,7,10,11-六腈(dipyrazino[2,3-f:2,3-]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile)(HAT-CN)用作电洞注入层,且N4,N4’-二二(联苯-4-基)-N4,N4’-二二苯基联苯基-4,4’-二胺(N4,N4’-di(biphenyl-4-yl)-N4,N4’-diphenylbiphenyl-4,4’-diamine)(HT1)用作电洞传输层,N-(联苯-4-基)-9,9-二甲基-N-(4’-苯基联苯-4-基)-9H-茀-2-胺(N-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-N-(4’-phenyl biphenyl-4-yl)-9H-fluoren-2-amine)(EB2)用作电洞阻挡层,化合物H1及H2分别用作与本实施例对比的磷光主体材料及延迟荧光主体材料或第二延迟荧光主体材料。这些化合物的化学结构式如下式所示:
下列本发明制备的延迟荧光优选实施例可进行验证,且可于有机EL装置中,用作延迟荧光掺杂剂(延迟荧光掺杂材料)或第二延迟荧光掺杂材料、磷光主体材料。
有机铱络合物广泛用作发光层的磷光掺杂剂(磷光掺杂材料),Ir(ppy)3广泛用作有机EL装置的发光层的磷光绿色掺杂剂。
2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-苯并三嗪)-三(1-苯基-1-氢-苯并咪唑)(2,2’,2”-(1,3,5-Benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole))(TPBi)及HB3(参阅下列化学结构)用作电洞阻挡材料(HBM),且2-(10,10-二甲基-10氢-茚并[2,1-b]三亚苯-12-基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(2-(10,10-dimethyl-10H-indeno[2,1-b]triphenylen-12-yl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine)(ET2)用作电子传输材料,以在有机EL装置中与8-羟基喹啉-锂(8-hydroxyquinolato-lithium,LiQ)共沉积。本实施例中用于作为生产标准有机EL装置对比材料的其他OLED材料的现有化合物的结构如下式所示:
有机EL装置一般包含通过热蒸发形成阴极的低功函数金属,比如,Al、Mg、Ca、Li及K,且该低功函数金属可有助于电子从阴极注入电子传输层。另外,在阴极及电子传输层之间引入薄膜电子注入层,用于减少电子注入障碍并提高有机EL装置性能。现有的电洞注入层材料为具有低功函数的金属卤化物或金属氧化物,比如:LiF、LiQ、MgO或Li2O。
另一方面,在制作有机EL装置之后,通过使用PR650光谱扫描光谱仪量测EL光谱及CIE坐标。此外,电流/电压、发光/电压及产率/电压特征都使用吉时利(Keithley)2400可编程电压电流源来检测。上述设备在室温(约25℃)及大气压下操作。
实施例5
使用与上述一般方法类似的程序,生产具有下列装置结构的有机EL装置(参见图1)。有机EL装置包含,透明电极6~金属电极14,其之间依序分别为沉积在透明电极6上的电洞注入层7,沉积在电洞注入层7上的电洞传输层8,沉积在电洞传输层8上的电子阻挡层9,沉积在电子阻挡层9上的发光层10,沉积在发光层10上的电洞阻挡层11,沉积在电洞阻挡层11上的电子传输层12,沉积在电子传输层12上的电子注入层13,以及沉积在电子注入层13上的金属电极14。装置:ITO/HAT-CN(20nm)/HT1(110nm)/EB2(5nm)/LiQ(1nm)/Al(160nm)有机EL装置的I-V-B(1000nits亮度时)的测试报告结果如表1所示。
表1
在上述有机EL装置测试报告的优选实施例中(参见表1),我们公开了本发明中具有式(1)结构的延迟荧光化合物用作有机EL装置发光层的发光主体或发光层的延迟荧光材料,其性能表现良好。
总而言之,本发明提供了一种用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,其可用作有机EL装置发光层的磷光发光主体或发光层的延迟荧光材料。所述化合物具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中,W选自氧原子、硫原子及硒原子;R1、R2及R3独立选自氢原子、氘原子、卤化物、如式(2)或式(3)所示的基团:
其中,D为电子供体,选自如式(1)所示的化合物的基团、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的双咔唑基、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的吩恶嗪基及取代或未取代的二芳基胺基;A为电子受体,选自如下式所示的基团:
其中,L选自单键或具有6到30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的二价亚芳基;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;Y1至Y4选自由O、S、C(R22)(R23)、NR24及Si(R25)(R26)组成的原子或基团的二价桥;X1至X7独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R4至R26独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
以上这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (13)
1.一种用作延迟荧光材料的化合物,其特征在于,具有如下式(1)所示的结构:
其中,W选自氧原子、硫原子及硒原子;R1、R2及R3独立选自氢原子、氘原子、卤化物、或如式(2)或式(3)所示的基团:
其中,D为电子供体,选自如式(1)所示的化合物的基团、取代或未取代的咔唑基、取代或未取代的双咔唑基、取代或未取代的二氢吖啶基、取代或未取代的吩恶嗪基及取代或未取代的二芳基胺基;A为电子受体,选自如下式所示的基团:
其中,L选自单键或具有6到30个环碳原子的取代或未取代的二价亚芳基;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;Y1至Y4选自由O、S、C(R22)(R23)、NR24及Si(R25)(R26)组成的原子或基团的二价桥;X1至X7独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R4至R26独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物具有如下式(4)至式(15)所示的结构:
其中,n表示0或1的整数;p表示0到4的整数;q表示0到5的整数;r表示1到4的整数;X1至X3独立选自氮原子或C(Rs),且各个Rs独立选自氢原子、苯基、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基;Z表示氰基;R1至R13独立选自氢原子、卤化物、具有1到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的烷基、具有6到30个碳原子的取代或未取代的芳基、具有6到30个碳原子的一取代或未取代的芳烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,该化合物具有如下式的结构:
4.一种有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包含由阴极及阳极组成的一对电极对,且该对电极对之间至少包含一层发光层、一层或多层有机薄膜层,其中该发光层包含如权利要求1所述的化合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该发光层包括该延迟荧光材料。
6.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)结构的该延迟荧光材料的该发光层为一延迟荧光主体材料。
7.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)结构的该延迟荧光材料的该发光层为一延迟荧光掺杂材料。
8.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该发光层包括一第二延迟荧光掺杂材料。
9.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该发光层包括一第二延迟荧光主体材料。
10.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,包括具有式(1)结构的该化合物的该发光层为一磷光主体材料。
11.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该装置为一有机发光装置。
12.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该装置为一发光面板。
13.如权利要求4所述的有机电致发光装置,其特征在于,该装置为一背光面板。
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CN111704621A (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 上海天马有机发光显示技术有限公司 | 化合物、显示面板及显示装置 |
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US10400002B2 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2019-09-03 | Feng-wen Yen | Iridium complex and organic electroluminescence device using the same |
US11482686B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2022-10-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Light emitting device, production method thereof, and display device including the same |
CN110878062A (zh) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-13 | 武汉华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 热活化延迟荧光材料及其制备方法和电致发光器件 |
KR102493132B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-11 | 2023-01-31 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 이를 포함한 전자 장치 |
CN114728924A (zh) * | 2020-11-05 | 2022-07-08 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 化合物、有机电致发光元件用材料、有机电致发光元件和电子设备 |
WO2022101171A1 (de) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-05-19 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Schwefelhaltige verbindungen für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen |
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CN105524071A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 乐金显示有限公司 | 延迟荧光化合物和使用该化合物的有机发光二极管和显示装置 |
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CN105524071A (zh) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 乐金显示有限公司 | 延迟荧光化合物和使用该化合物的有机发光二极管和显示装置 |
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CN109651406A (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-19 | 苏州久显新材料有限公司 | 热激活延迟荧光化合物、发光材料及有机电致发光器件 |
CN111704621A (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-09-25 | 上海天马有机发光显示技术有限公司 | 化合物、显示面板及显示装置 |
CN111704621B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-11-30 | 武汉天马微电子有限公司 | 化合物、显示面板及显示装置 |
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TWI659959B (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
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